Chapter 845

2. (Eccl.) One of the sect of Syrian Monophysites. The sect is named after Jacob Barad\'91us, its leader in the sixth century.

Jacobite <Xpage=795>

Jac"o*bite , a. Of or pertaining to the Jacobites.

Jacobitic, Jacobitical <Xpage=795>

Jac`o*bit"ic (?) , Jac`o*bit"ic*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the Jacobites; characterized by Jacobitism. -- Jac`o*bit"ic*al*ly , adv.

Jacobitism <Xpage=795>

Jac"o*bit*ism` (?) , n. The principles of the Jacobites.

Mason.

Jacobus <Xpage=795>

Ja*co"bus (?) , n. ; pl. Jacobuses (#) . [See Jacobite .] An English gold coin, of the value of twenty-five shillings sterling, struck in the reign of James I.

Jaconet <Xpage=795>

Jac"o*net (?) , n. [F. jaconas .] A thin cotton fabric, between and muslin, used for dresses, neckcloths, etc. [Written also jacconet .]

Jacquard <Xpage=795>

Jac*quard" (?) , a. Pertaining to, or invented by, Jacquard , a French mechanician, who died in 1834.

Jacquard apparatus &or; arrangement , a device applied to looms for weaving figured goods, consisting of mechanism controlled by a chain of variously perforated cards, which cause the warp threads to be lifted in the proper succession for producing the required figure. -- Jacquard card , one of the perforated cards of a Jacquard apparatus. -- Jackquard loom , a loom with Jacquard apparatus.

Jacqueminot <Xpage=795>

Jacque"mi*not (?) , n. A half-hardy, deep crimson rose of the remontant class; -- so named after General Jacqueminot , of France.

Jacquerie <Xpage=795>

Jacque`rie" (?) , n. [F.] The name given to a revolt of French peasants against the nobles in 1358, the leader assuming the contemptuous title, Jacques Bonhomme , given by the nobles to the peasantry. Hence, any revolt of peasants.

Jactancy <Xpage=795>

Jac"tan*cy (?) , n. [L. jactantia , fr. jactans , p. pr. of jactare to throw, boast, freq. fr. jacere to throw; cf. F. jactance .] A boasting; a bragging. [Obs.]

<page="796"> Page 796

Jactation <Xpage=796>

Jac*ta"tion (?) , n. [L. jactatio , fr. jactare : af. F. jactation . See Jactancy .] A throwing or tossing of the body; a shaking or agitation.

Sir. W. Temple.

Jactitation <Xpage=796>

Jac"ti*ta"tion (?) , n. [L. jactitare to utter in public, from jactare . See Jactancy .]

1. (Law) Vain boasting or assertions repeated to the prejudice of another's right; false claim.

Mozley & W.

2. (Med.) A frequent tossing or moving of the body; restlessness, as in delirium.

Dunglison.

Jactitation of marriage (Eng. Eccl. Law) , a giving out or boasting by a party that he or she is married to another, whereby a common reputation of their matrimony may ensue.

Blackstone.

Jaculable <Xpage=796>

Jac"u*la*ble (?) , a. Fit for throwing. [Obs.]

Jaculate <Xpage=796>

Jac"u*late (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Jaculated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Jaculating .] [L. jaculatus , p. p. of jaculari . See Ejaculate .] To throw or cast, as a dart; to throw out; to emit.

Jaculation <Xpage=796>

Jac`u*la"tion (?) , n. [L. jaculatio .] The act of tossing, throwing, or hurling, as spears.

Hurled to and fro with jaculation dire. Milton.

Jaculator <Xpage=796>

Jac"u*la`tor (?) , [L.] 1. One who throws or casts. [R.]

2. (Zo\'94l.) The archer fish ( Toxotes jaculator ).

Jaculatory <Xpage=796>

Jac"u*la*to*ry (?) , a. [L. jaculatorius : cf. F. jaculatoire .] Darting or throwing out suddenly; also, suddenly thrown out; uttered in short sentences; ejaculatory; as, jaculatory prayers .

Smart.

Jadding <Xpage=796>

Jad"ding (?) , n. (Mining) See Holing .

Jade <Xpage=796>

Jade (?) , n. [F., fr. Sp. jade , fr. piedra de ijada stone of the side, fr. ijada flank, side, pain in the side, the stone being so named because it was supposed to cure this pain. Sp. ijada is derived fr. L. ilia flanks. Cf. Iliac .] (Min.) A stone, commonly of a pale to dark green color but sometimes whitish. It is very hard and compact, capable of fine polish, and is used for ornamental purposes and for implements, esp. in Eastern countries and among many early peoples.

&hand; The general term jade includes nephrite, a compact variety of tremolite with a specific gravity of 3, and also the mineral jadeite, a silicate of alumina and soda, with a specific gravity of 3.3. The latter is the more highly prized and includes the feitsui of the Chinese. The name has also been given to other tough green minerals capable of similar use.

Jade <Xpage=796>

Jade , n. [OE. jade ; cf. Prov. E. yaud , Scot. yade , yad , yaud , Icel. jalda a mare.]

1. A mean or tired horse; a worthless nag.

Chaucer.

Tired as a jade in overloaden cart. Sir P. Sidney.

2. A disreputable or vicious woman; a wench; a quean; also, sometimes, a worthless man.

Shak.

She shines the first of battered jades . Swift.

3. A young woman; -- generally so called in irony or slight contempt.

A souple jade she was, and strang. Burns.

Jade <Xpage=796>

Jade , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Jaded ; p. pr. & vb. n. Jading .]

1. To treat like a jade; to spurn. [Obs.]

Shak.

2. To make ridiculous and contemptible. [Obs.]

I do now fool myself, to let imagination jade me. Shak.

3. To exhaust by overdriving or long-continued labor of any kind; to tire or wear out by severe or tedious tasks; to harass.

The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, . . . checks at any vigorous undertaking ever after. Locke.

Syn. -- To fatigue; tire; weary; harass. -- To Jade , Fatigue , Tire , Weary . Fatigue is the generic term; tire denotes fatigue which wastes the strength; weary implies that a person is worn out by exertion; jade refers to the weariness created by a long and steady repetition of the same act or effort. A little exertion will tire a child or a weak person; a severe or protracted task wearies equally the body and the mind; the most powerful horse becomes jaded on a long journey by a continual straining of the same muscles. Wearied with labor of body or mind; tired of work, tired out by importunities; jaded by incessant attention to business.

Jade <Xpage=796>

Jade , v. i. To become weary; to lose spirit.

They . . . fail, and jade , and tire in the prosecution. South.

Jadeite <Xpage=796>

Jade"ite (?) , n. (Min.) See Jade , the stone.

Jadery <Xpage=796>

Jad"er*y (?) , n. The tricks of a jade.

Jadish <Xpage=796>

Jad"ish , a. 1. Vicious; ill-tempered; resembling a jade; -- applied to a horse.

2. Unchaste; -- applied to a woman.

L'Estrange.

Jaeger <Xpage=796>

Jae"ger (?) , n. See Jager .

Jag <Xpage=796>

Jag (?) , n. [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. gag aperture, cleft, chink; akin to Ir. & Gael. gag .] [Written also jagg .]

1. A notch; a cleft; a barb; a ragged or sharp protuberance; a denticulation.

Arethuss arose . . . From rock and from jag . Shelley.

Garments thus beset with long jags . Holland.

2. A part broken off; a fragment.

Bp. Hacket.

3. (Bot.) A cleft or division.

Jag bolt , a bolt with a nicked or barbed shank which resists retraction, as when leaded into stone.

Jag <Xpage=796>

Jag , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Jagged (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Jagging (?) .] To cut into notches or teeth like those of a saw; to notch. [Written also jagg .

Jagging iron , a wheel with a zigzag or jagged edge for cutting cakes or pastry into ornamental figures.

Jag <Xpage=796>

Jag , n. [Scot. jag , jaug , a leather bag or wallet, a pocket. Cf. Jag a notch.] A small load, as of hay or grain in the straw, or of ore. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] [Written also jagg .]

Forby.

Jag <Xpage=796>

Jag , v. t. To carry, as a load; as, to jag hay, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

Jaganatha, Jaganatha <Xpage=796>

Jag`a*nat"ha (?) , Jag`a*nat"ha (?) , n. See Juggernaut .

Jager <Xpage=796>

Ja"ger (?) , n. [G. j\'84ger a hunter, a sportsman. Cf. Yager .] [Written also jaeger .]

1. (Mil.) A sharpshooter. See Yager .

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of gull of the genus Stercorarius . Three species occur on the Atlantic coast. The jagers pursue other species of gulls and force them to disgorge their prey. The two middle tail feathers are usually decidedly longer than the rest. Called also boatswain , and marline-spike bird . The name is also applied to the skua, or Arctic gull ( Megalestris skua ).

Jagg <Xpage=796>

Jagg (?) , v. t. & n. See Jag .

Jagged <Xpage=796>

Jag"ged (?) , a. Having jags; having rough, sharp notches, protuberances, or teeth; cleft; laciniate; divided; as, jagged rocks . " Jagged vine leaves' shade." Trench . -- Jag"ged*ly , adv. -- Jag"ged*ness , n.

Jagger <Xpage=796>

Jag"ger (?) , n. One who carries about a small load; a peddler. See 2d Jag . [Scot.]

Sir W. Scott.

Jagger <Xpage=796>

Jag"ger , n. [From 4th Jag .] One who, or that which, jags; specifically: (a) jagging iron used for crimping pies, cakes, etc. (b) A toothed chisel. See Jag , v. t.

Jagger spring , a spring beneath a seat, and resting on cleats or blocks in the body of a vehicle.

Knight.

Jaggery <Xpage=796>

Jag"ger*y (?) , n. [Hind j\'begr\'c6 . Cf. Sugar .] Raw palm sugar, made in the East Indies by evaporating the fresh juice of several kinds of palm trees, but specifically that of the palmyra ( Borassus flabelliformis ). [Written also jagghery .]

Jaggy <Xpage=796>

Jag"gy (?) , a. Having jags; set with teeth; notched; uneven; as, jaggy teeth .

Addison.

Jaghir <Xpage=796>

Ja"ghir (?) , n. [Per. j\'beg\'c6r .] A village or district the government and revenues of which are assigned to some person, usually in consideration of some service to be rendered, esp. the maintenance of troops. [Written also jaghire , jagir , etc.] [India]

Whitworth.

Jaghirdar <Xpage=796>

Ja"ghir*dar` (?) , n. [Per. j\'beg\'c6r-d\'ber .] The holder of a jaghir.

Jagua palm <Xpage=796>

Ja"gua palm` (?) . [Sp. jagua the fruit of the jagua palm.] (Bot.) A great Brazilian palm ( Maximiliana regia ), having immense spathes which are used for baskets and tubs.

Jaguar <Xpage=796>

Ja*guar" (?) , n. [Braz. yago\'a0ra : cf. & Pg. jaguar .] (Zo\'94l.) A large and powerful feline animal ( Felis onca ), ranging from Texas and Mexico to Patagonia. It is usually brownish yellow, with large, dark, somewhat angular rings, each generally inclosing one or two dark spots. It is chiefly arboreal in its habits. Called also the American tiger . <-- now Panthera onca; also called panther -->

Jaguarondi <Xpage=796>

Ja`gua*ron"di (?) , n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American wild cat ( Felis jaguarondi ), having a long, slim body and very short legs. Its color is grayish brown, varied with a blackish hue. It is arboreal in its habits and feeds mostly on birds.

Jah <Xpage=796>

Jah (j&aum;) , n. [Heb. y\'beh .] Jehovah.

Ps. lxviii. 4.

Jail <Xpage=796>

Jail (?) , n. [OE. jaile , gail , gayhol , OF. gaole , gaiole , jaiole , F. ge\'93le , LL. gabiola , dim. of gabia cage, for L. cavea cavity, cage. See Cage .] A kind of prison; a building for the confinement of persons held in lawful custody, especially for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding. [Written also gaol .]

This jail I count the house of liberty. Milton.

Jail bird , a prisoner; one who has been confined in prison. [Slang] -- Jail delivery , the release of prisoners from jail, either legally or by violence. -- Jail delivery commission . See under Gaol . -- Jail fever (Med.) , typhus fever, or a disease resembling it, generated in jails and other places crowded with people; -- called also hospital fever , and ship fever . -- Jail liberties , &or; Jail limits , a space or district around a jail within which an imprisoned debtor was, on certain conditions, allowed to go at large. Abbott . -- Jail lock , a peculiar form of padlock; -- called also Scandinavian lock .

Jail <Xpage=796>

Jail , v. t. To imprison. [R.]

T. Adams (1614).

[Bolts] that jail you from free life. Tennyson.

Jailer <Xpage=796>

Jail"er (?) , n. [OE. jailer , gailer , OF. geolier , F. ge\'93lier . See Jail .] The keeper of a jail or prison. [Written also jailor , gaoler .]

Jain, Jaina <Xpage=796>

Jain (?) , Jai"na , n. [Skr. Jaina , fr. Jina , a proper name, fr. jina victorious.] One of a numerous sect in British India, holding the tenets of Jainism.

Jainism <Xpage=796>

Jain"ism (?) , n. The heterodox Hindoo religion, of which the most striking features are the exaltation of saints or holy mortals, called jins , above the ordinary Hindoo gods, and the denial of the divine origin and infallibility of the Vedas. It is intermediate between Brahmanism and Buddhism, having some things in common with each.

Jairou <Xpage=796>

Jai*rou" (?) , n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The ahu or Asiatic gazelle.

Jak <Xpage=796>

Jak (?) , n. (Bot.) see Ils Jack .

Jakes <Xpage=796>

Jakes (?) , n. [Prob. fr. F. Jacques , the proper name. See 2d Jack .] A privy.

Shak.

Jakie <Xpage=796>

Ja"kie (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American striped frog ( Pseudis paradoxa ), remarkable for having a tadpole larger than the adult, and hence called also paradoxical frog .

Jako <Xpage=796>

Jak"o (j&acr;k"&osl;) , n. (Zo\'94l.) An African parrot ( Psittacus erithacus ), very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also gray parrot .

Jakwood <Xpage=796>

Jak"wood` (?) , n. See Jackwood .

Jalap <Xpage=796>

Jal"ap (?) , n. [F., fr. Sp. jalapa ; -- so called from Jalapa , a town in Mexico, whence it was first obtained.] (Med.) The tubers of the Mexican plant Ipom\'d2a purga (or Exogonium purga ), a climber much like the morning-glory. The abstract, extract, and powder, prepared from the tubers, are well known purgative medicines. Other species of Ipom\'d2a yield several inferior kinds of jalap, as the I. Orizabensis , and I. tuberosa .

False jalap , the root of Mirabilis Jalapa , four-o'clock, or marvel of Peru.

Jalapic <Xpage=796>

Ja*lap"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to jalap.

Jalapin <Xpage=796>

Jal"a*pin (?) , n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the stems of the jalap plant and scammony. It is a strong purgative.

Jalons <Xpage=796>

Ja`lons" , n. pl. [F. Of unknown origin.] (Mil.) Long poles, topped with wisps of straw, used as landmarks and signals.

Farrow.

Jalousie <Xpage=796>

Ja`lou`sie" , n. [F. See Jealousy .] A Venetian or slatted inside window blind.

Jalousied <Xpage=796>

Ja`lou`sied" (?) , a. Furnished with jalousies; as, jalousied porches .

Jam <Xpage=796>

Jam (?) , n. [Per. or Hind. j\'bemah garment, robe.] A kind of frock for children.

Jam <Xpage=796>

Jam , n. (Mining) See Jamb .

Jam <Xpage=796>

Jam , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Jammed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Jamming .] [Either fr. jamb , as if squeezed between jambs , or more likely from the same source as champ See Champ .]

1. To press into a close or tight position; to crowd; to squeeze; to wedge in.

The . . . jammed in between two rocks. De Foe.

2. To crush or bruise; as, to jam a finger in the crack of a door . [Colloq.]

3. (Naut.) To bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half her upper sails are laid aback.

W. C. Russell.

Jam <Xpage=796>

Jam , n. 1. A mass of people or objects crowded together; also, the pressure from a crowd; a crush; as, a jam in a street; a jam of logs in a river.

2. An injury caused by jamming. [Colloq.]

Jam <Xpage=796>

Jam , n. [Prob. fr. jam , v.; but cf. also Ar. jamad ice, jelly, j\'bemid congealed, jamd congelation, ice.] A preserve of fruit boiled with sugar and water; as, raspberry jam ; currant jam ; grape jam .

Jam nut . See Check nut , under Check . -- Jam weld (Forging) , a butt weld. See under Butt .

Jamacina <Xpage=796>

Jam`a*ci"na (?) , n. [NL.] Jamaicine.

Jamadar <Xpage=796>

Jam"a*dar (?) , n. Same as Jemidar .

Jamaica <Xpage=796>

Ja*mai"ca (?) , n. One of the West India is islands.

Jamaica ginger , a variety of ginger, called also white ginger , prepared in Jamaica from the best roots, which are deprived of their epidermis and dried separately. -- Jamaica pepper , allspice. -- Jamaica rose (Bot.) , a West Indian melastomaceous shrub ( Blakea trinervis ), with showy pink flowers.

Jamaican <Xpage=796>

Ja*mai"can (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Jamaica. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Jamaica.

Jamaicine <Xpage=796>