Part 96

+-------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+ |=A. D.=|=Scandinavia and|=Eastern Empire=| =Saracens= | =China, Japan, | | | Russia= | | | India= | +-------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+ | | | | |1219. Japan: The| | | | | |shogunate seized| | | | | |by the Fujiwara.| | | | | | | | | |1221. Robert | |1221. The | | |1224-1240. |Guiscard, Em- | |Khorasmian Em- | | |Mongolian inva- |peror. | |pire overthrown | | |sion of Russia. | | |by Genghis Khan.| | =1225=| | | | | | |1242. Alexander | | | | | |Nevski, Prince |1244. The | | | | =1250=|of Novgorod. |Khorasmians take|1250. Egypt: The| | | | |Jerusalem. |Mamelukes rule; | | | | | |take Damascus | | | | | |and Aleppo. | | | | | | | | | | | |1258. Hulaku | | | | | |Khan enters |1259-1294. | | | |1261. Michael |Persia, takes |China: Kublai | | |1262. Norway: |Palæologus re- |Bagdad, and an |Khan, Emperor of| | |Iceland sub- |covers |end to the |all China, | | |jected. Green- |Constantinople |caliphate. |founder of the | | |land tributary |and overthrows | |Mongol dynasty. | | |to Norway. |the Latin | | | | | |Empire. | |1264. China: | | =1275=| | | |Kublai Khan | | |1279. Russia: | | |builds Pekin, | | |Hanseatic | | |and makes it his| | |settlement at | | |capital. | | |Novgorod. | | | | | | | | |1281. Japan: In-| | | | |1288. Othman |vasion of Mongol| | | |1291. Capture of|begins to lay |Tatars. | | =1300=| |Acre by the |the foundations | | | | |Mamelukes; end |of the Turkish | | | | |of the European |power in Asia | | | | |states in Asia |Minor. | | | =1325=| |Minor. | | | | | | |1326. Death of | | | | | |Othman; Orkhan, | | | | | |son of Othman, | | | | | |makes Prusa his | | | | | |capital. | | | | | | | | | | | |1327. Nicomedia | | | |1328. Moscow | |taken by Orkhan.| | | |under the Grand-|1329. Andronicus III. defeated by| | | |duke Ivan Kalita|the Turks in the battle of | | | |becomes para- |Pelekanon. | | | |mount in Russia.| | | | | |1330. Nicæa taken. |1333. China: | | | | | |Shun-te last of | | | | | |the Mongol Em- | | | | | |perors succeeds.| | | | | |Japan: Fall of | | | | | |the Hojo family.| | | | | | | | | | | |1336-1392. | | |1340. Denmark: | | |Japan: Feudalism| | |Waldemar III. |1341. John V. | |reached its | | | |(Paleologus), | |height. | | | |Emperor. | | | | =1350=| | | | | | | |1354. Turks seize Gallipoli in | | | | |Europe. | | | | | | | | | | | |1359. Murad I., | | | | | |conquered |1363. Timur, or | | | | |Adrianople. |Tamerlane, be- | | | | | |gins his career | | | | |1365. Adrianople|of conquest. | | | | |residence of | | | | | |sovereigns. |1368-1398. | | | | | |China: Hung Woo | | | | | |establishes the | | | | | |native Ming | | | | | |dynasty. | | | | | | | | | | | |1369. Timur be- | | =1375=| | | |comes king of | | | |1381. The empire| |Transoxiana and | | |1382. Russia: |pays tribute to | |makes Samarcand | | |The Tartars sack|the Turks. | |the capital of | | |Moscow. | | |his new empire. | | | | | | | | |1387. Denmark | | | | | |and Norway: | | |1392. Timur sub-| | |Margaret, the | | |jugates Persia. | | |Semiramis of the| | | | | |North, becomes | | | | | |queen. | | | | | | | | | | | |1397. =Union of | | | | | |Calmar=, forming| | |1398. Invasion | | |Denmark, Sweden | | |of India by | | |and Norway into | | |Timur; he takes | | |a single | | |Delhi. | | |monarchy. | | | | | =1400=| | | |1400-1573. | | | | |1402. Bajazet |Japan: The | | | | |defeated and |Shoguns dominate| | | | |made prisoner by|for almost two | | | | |Timur at the |centuries. | | | | |battle of | | | | | |Angora. | | | | | | | | | | | |1403. Empire of | | | | | |the Turks di- | | | | | |vided after | | | | | |death of | | | | | |Bajazet, among | | | | | |Solyman I., Musa| | | | | |and Mohammed I. | | | | | | | | | | | |1413. Mohammed | | | | | |I. sole ruler of| | | | | |the Turks. | | | =1425=| | | | | | | |1438-1439. The | | | | | |emperor visits | | | | | |Italy to obtain | | | | | |help against the| | | | | |Turks. | | | | | | | | | | |1448. Denmark: |1448. | | | | =1450=|Christian I., of|Constantine | | | | |Oldenburg, King.|XII., last of |1451. Mohammed | | | |Sweden: Charles |the Greek |II., sultan of | | | |VIII. |emperors. |the Turks. | | | | | | | | | | |1453. Siege and capture of | | | | |Constantinople by the Turks, | | | | |ending the Eastern Empire. | | | | +---------------------------------+ | | | | =Ottoman Empire= | | | | +---------------------------------+ | | | |1458. Greece subjected to the | | | | |Turks. | | | | | | | | | |1464. War with Hungary. | | | | | | | | | |1468. Uzun Hasan, master of all | | | | |Persia. |1469. India: The| | | | |Sikhs become | | | |1470. Forms an alliance with the |powerful. | | |1472. Russia: |Venetians and the Duke of | | | |Ivan III. mar- |Burgundy against the Turks; con- | | | |ries Sophia, |quers Bagdad. | | | |niece of the | | | | |Greek Emperor. |1480. Otranto taken. | | | | | | | | | |1481. Bajazet II., Sultan. | | +-------+----------------+---------------------------------+----------------+

XI. FROM THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA BY COLUMBUS TO THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA, 1492-1648 A. D.

GREAT EVENTS OF PERIOD. 1500-1600: The Reformation: Immense development of new life in Europe. Age of Charles V. Power of Spain, and her conquests in America. The monarchy strong in England. 1600-1700: The Thirty Years’ War, at first a life struggle of Roman Catholics and Protestants, results in downfall of Spain, and the ascendency of France, which reached its zenith under Louis XIV.