Part 95

+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ |=A. D.=| =Spain, Portugal= | =Britain= | =France= | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | | |1214-1292. _ROGER | | | | |BACON._ | | | | | | | | | |1216-1272. Henry III.| | | |1217. Ferdinand, King| | | | =1225=|of Castile. | | | | | | |1226-1270. LOUIS IX.,| | | |1228. =The Fifth |Saint. Blanche of | | |1230. =Castile and |Crusade.= Many |Castile, his mother, | | |Leon united by Fer- |English and French |regent. | | |dinand III., who |nobles join. | | | |takes large territory| |1248. The king sets | | |from the Moors.= | |out on =The Sixth | | =1250=| | |Crusade=. | | |1253. The Alhambra | | | | |founded. |1263-1265. CIVIL WAR.| | | | | | | | | |1265. Parliament of | | | | |Simon of Montfort. | | | | |Beginning of the | | | | |House of Commons. De-| | | | |feat and death of | | | | |Simon of Montfort at | | | | |Evesham. | | | | | | | | | |1270. =The Seventh | | | | |and Last Crusade.= | | | | | | | | | |1272-1307. EDWARD I.,| | | |1274. Crown of |Longshanks. | | | =1275=|Navarre passes to | | | | |France. | |1276. France at war | | | |1283. England and |with Castile. | | | |Wales united. Robert | | | | |Bruce and John | | | | |Balliol contend for | | | | |the crown of Scot- | | | | |land. | | | | | | | | | |1284. Annexation of | | | |1291. James II., King|Wales to England. | | | |of Aragon. | | | | | |1297. War between |1297. Invasion of | | | |England and Scotland.|Flanders. | | =1300=| | | | | | | |1302. First convoca- | | | | |tion of the states- | | | | |general in France. | | | | | | | | | |1304. War with | | | |1306. ROBERT BRUCE |Flanders. | | |1312. Alphonso XI., |proclaimed king of | | | |King of Castile and |Scotland. | | | |Leon. | | | | =1325=| | | | | |1327. Arrival of |1327-1377. EDWARD | | | |200,000 Moors to |III. | | | |assist Granada. | | | | | |1328-1400. _CHAUCER._|1328-1498. =The House| | | | |of Valois.= | | | | | | | | | |1328-1350. Philip VI.| | | | | | | | |1337. Edward lays claim to France which | | | |gives rise to: | | | | | | | |1337-1453. HUNDRED YEARS WAR. | | |1340. Moors defeated | | | | |at Tarifa. | | | | | | | | | =1350=|Heroic Age of | | | | |Portugal. | |1364-1380. Charles V.| | =1375=| | |the Wise. | | |1394-1460. =Henry the| | | | |Navigator=, King of |1399-1461. =House of | | | |Portugal. |Lancaster.= | | | | | | | | | |1399. Henry IV., King| | | | |of England. | | | =1400=| | | | | | |1406. James I., King | | | |1407. John II., King |of Scotland. | | | |of Castile. | |1410. Civil war be- | | | | |tween Orleans and | | | | |Burgundy. | | | |1414. Henry V. claims| | | |1416. Alphonso V., |the French crown. | | | |King of Aragon and | | | | |Sicily. |1422. Henry VI. pro- | | | =1425=| |claimed at Paris, | | | | |King of France. War |1427-1429. =Siege of | | |1430. War between |with France. |Orleans.= The English| | |Castile and Granada. | |defeated by the | | | | |French under Joan of | | | | |Arc. France saved | | | | |from the fate of | | | | |Ireland. Charles VII.| | | | |crowned at Rheims. | | | | | | | | | |1431. Joan of Arc | | | |1444. Truce with |burned. | | | |France. Marriage of | | | | |Henry to Margaret of | | | | |Anjou. | | | | | | | | =1450=|1450-1560. =Period of|1450. Richard, Duke | | | |great maritime power |of York, claims the | | | |of the Portuguese.= |throne. | | | | | | | | |1452. Civil war in | | | | |Navarre, in which |1453. _End of the French and English wars, | | |Castile and Aragon |without any formal peace._ | | |join. | | | | | | | | | |1454. Henry IV. of | | | | |Castile, King of |1455-1485. WARS OF | | | |Spain. |THE ROSES. | | | | | | | | | |1461-1485. =House of |1461. Louis XI., | | | |York.= |King. | | | | | | | | |1461. Edward IV., | | | | |King. House of York. | | | |1469. Marriage of | | | | |Ferdinand of Aragon |1470. Henry VI. re- | | | |with Isabella of |stored by Warwick. | | | |Castile. | | | | | |1471. Return of | | | | |Edward IV. Deaths of | | | | |Warwick and Henry VI.| | | | | | | | =1475=| |1475. Edward IV. in- | | | | |vades France. |1477. Artois and | | |1479. =Union of | |Burgundy united to | | |Castile and Aragon.= | |France. | | | |1480. War between | | | | |England and Scotland.|1483-1498. Charles | | | | |VIII. | | | | =House of Tudor= | | | | | | | | | |1485-1509. Henry VII.| | | |1492. Conquest of | | | | |Granada and union of | | | | |the kingdom with | | | | |Castile. | | | | | | | | | |1492. =America dis- | | | | |covered by Columbus.=| | | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+

+-------+-------------------------------------------+---------------------+ |=A. D.=| =Holy Roman Empire= |=Switzerland, Poland,| | | =Italy and Church= | =Germany= | Hungary, Bohemia= | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | |_Struggle of the Guelfs and Ghibelines. The| | | |power of the Roman pontiffs is carried to | | | |the highest pitch during this century._ | | | =1225=| | | | | |1227-1274. _THOMAS | | | | |AQUINAS._ | | | | | | | | | |1243. Struggle of |1243. =The Hanseatic | | | |Pope Innocent IV. |League.= | | | |with the Emperor | | | | =1250=|Frederick. |1250. Conrad IV., | | | | |Emperor. | | | | | | | | | | =House of Hapsburg= | | | | | | | | | |1273. =Rudolf=, | | | |1274. Fourteenth |Emperor, founds House| | | |General Council at |of Hapsburg. | | | =1275=|Lyons. | | | | | | | | | |1293. Naval war be- | | | | |tween Genoa and | |1295. Poland: | | |Venice. |1298. Adolphus, |Vladislav the Dwarf, | | | |Emperor, deposed and |founder of Polish | | | |Albert I. enthroned. |greatness. | | =1300=|1303. Papal power | | | | |declines. |1304. Rise of the | | | | |Swiss towns. | | | | | | | | | |1306. Rudolf of | | | | |Austria, Emperor. | | | | | | | | | |1308. Henry of Luxem-| | | |1309. Seat of the |burg, Emperor. Gene- | | | |popes transferred to |ral insurrection in | | | |Avignon. |Switzerland. | | | | | | | | |1311. General Council| | | | |at Vienna. |1314. Louis of | | | | |Bavaria and Frederick|1315-1388. AUSTRO- | | |1265-1321. _DANTE._ |of Austria contend |SWISS WAR. | | | |for the crown. | | | |1265-1337. _GIOTTO._ | | | | | |1322. Frederick of | | | =1325=| |Austria defeated. | | | | | |1333. Poland: Casimir| | |1339. Struggle in | |the Great becomes | | |Rome between the | |King. | | |Colonna and the | =House of Luxemburg=| | | |Ursini. | |1342. Hungary: Louis | | | |1346-1378. Charles |the Great. | | | |IV., King of Bohemia.| | | |1347. Democracy in | | | | |Rome under Rienzi, | | | | |last of the Tribunes.| | | | =1350=| | | | | |1354. Rienzi killed; | | | | |papal dominion re- |1355-1356. Promulga- | | | |stored. |tion of the golden |1370. Poland: Extinc-| | | |bull; it fixes the |tion of the royal | | | |prerogatives of the |race of Piasts with | | | |electoral college. |Casimir III. | | | |Fundamental law of | | | | |the empire. | | | =1375=| | | | | | |1378. Wenceslas, King| | | | |of Bohemia, Emperor. | | | | | | | | =1400=| |1400. Robert, Count | | | | |of Palatine, Emperor.| | | | | | | | | |1411. Sigismund, King| | | | |of Hungary, Emperor. | | | | | | | | | |1414. Council of | | | | |Constance. | | | | | |1419. Bohemia: HUS- | | | |1420. Sigismund be- |SITE WAR. | | | |comes king of | | | | |Bohemia. |1424. Bohemia: Death | | =1425=| | |of John Ziska, the | | |1429-1463. Cosmo de’ | |Hussite leader. | | |Medici in Florence, |1438. =House of | | | |great patron of the |Austria.= Albert II. | | | |arts and sciences. |(King of Bohemia and | | | | |Hungary), Emperor. | | | | | | | | | |1446. War with | | | =1450=|1450-1466. House of |Hungary. | | | |Sforza in Milan. | | | | | |1453. Austria made an| | | |1454. Struggle be- |hereditary duchy by | | | |tween Cosmo de’ |Emperor Frederick |1458. Hungary: | | |Medici and the aris- |III. |Matthias Corvinus | | |tocracy. | |makes his country | | |1462. The emperor be-|formidable to her | | | |sieged in court at |neighbors. | | | |Vienna. | | | | | | | | |1469. =Lorenzo de’ |1469-1480. Invasion | | | |Medici= at Florence. |of the Turks. | | | | | | | | |1471. Increase of the| | | | =1475=|power of the Medici. | | | | |Rise of learning. |1477. Marriage of |1477. Hungary: War | | |Sixtus IV., Pope. |Maximilian and Maria |with Frederick III. | | | |of Burgundy. | | | | | |1485. Hungary: | | | | |Matthias Corvinus | | | | |takes Vienna. | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+