The Art of Paper-Making A Practical Handbook of the Manufacture of Paper from Rags, Esparto, Straw, and Other Fibrous Materials, Including the Manufacture of Pulp from Wood Fibre

TREATING OF, POWER OF BOILERS.--USEFUL RATIOS.--NOTES ON CONSTRUCTION.--CYLINDRICAL BOILER SHELLS.--CIRCULAR FURNACES.--FLAT PLATES--STAYS.--GIRDERS.--SCREWS.--HYDRAULIC TESTS.-...

"Dr. Fream is to be congratulated on the successful attempt he has made to give us a work which will at once become the standard classic of the farm practice of the country. We...

Preparation of Lakes.--Brazil-wood Lake.--Cochineal Lake.--Lac Lake.--Madder Lake.--Orange Lake.--Yellow Lake.--Artificial Ultramarine.--Twaddell's Hydrometer.--Dalton's Table s...

The Fourdrinier Machine.--Bertrams' Large Paper Machine.--Stuff Chests.--Strainers.--Revolving Strainer and Knotter.--Self-cleansing Strainer.--Roeckner's Pulp Strainers.--The M...

Chemical Processes.--Watt and Burgess's Process.--Sinclair's Process.--Keegan's Process.--American Wood Pulp System.--Aussedat's Process.--Acid Treatment of Wood.--Pictet and Br...

Loading.--Sizing.--French Method of Preparing Engine Size.--Zinc Soaps in Sizing.--Colouring.--Animal or Tub-Sizing.--Preparation of Animal Size.--American Method of Sizing.--Ma...

Examination of Commercial Sodas.--Mohr's Alkalimeter.--Preparation of the Test Acid.--Sampling Alkalies.--The Assay.--Estimation of Chlorine in Bleaching Powder.--Fresenius' Met...

Sulphite Processes.--Francke's Process.--Ekman's Process.--Dr. Mitscherlich's Process.--Ritter and Kellner's Boiler.--Partington's Process.--Blitz's Process.--McDougall's Boiler...

Bleaching Operation.--Sour Bleaching.--Bleaching with Chloride of Lime.--Donkin's Bleach Mixer.--Bleaching with Chlorine Gas (Glaser's Process).--Electrolytic Bleaching (C. Watt...

=Recovery of Soda.=--Probably one of the most important improvements in modern paper-making, at least from an economical point of view, is the process of recovering one of the m...

=Preliminary Treatment: Picking.=--Esparto is imported in bales or trusses, tightly compressed by hydraulic presses, and bound with twisted bands of the same material, much in t...

Beating.--Mr. Dunbar's Observations on Beating.--Mr. Arnot on Beating Engines.--Mr. Wyatt on American Refining-Engines.--The Beating Engine.--Forbes' Beating-Engine.--Umpherston...

Waterproof Paper.--Scoffern and Tidcombe's process.--Dr. Wright's process for preparing Cupro-Ammonium.--Jouglet's process.-- Waterproof Composition for Paper.--Toughening Paper...

Bentley and Jackson's Drum Washer.--Drying Cylinder.--Self-Acting Dry Felt Regulator.--Paper Cutting Machine.--Single Web Winding Machine.--Cooling and Damping Rolls.--Reversing...

=Boiling Rags.=--To remove greasy matters, and also to dissolve out the cementing substances from the stems of flax and shell of the cotton, the rags are next boiled in a soluti...

Web-glazing.--Glazing Calender.--Damping-Rolls.--Finishing.-- Plate Glazing.--Donkin's Glazing Press.--Mr. Wyatt on American Super-calendering.--Mr. Arnot on Finishing.--Cutting...

In former days the only materials employed for the manufacture of paper were linen and cotton rags, flax and hemp waste, and some few other fibre-yielding materials. The reducti...

Treatment of Straw.--Bentley and Jackson's Boiler.--Boiling the Straw.--Bertrams' Edge-runner.--M. A. C. Mellier's Process.--Manilla, Jute, etc.--Waste Paper.--Boiling Waste Pap...

Coloured Papers.--Colouring Matters used in Paper-Making.-- American Combinations for Colouring.--Mixing Colouring Materials with Pulp.--Colouring Paper for Artificial Flowers.-...

=Cellulose.=--Vegetable fibre, when deprived of all incrusting or cementing matters of a resinous or gummy nature, presents to us the true fibre, or _cellulose_, which constitut...

=Preliminary Operations.=--Before the rags are submitted to the various processes which constitute the art of paper-making, they are subjected to certain preliminary operations...

Under the old system of making paper by hand, the rags were reduced to a fine state of division by a process of _retting_, or slow putrefaction. The rags were first washed in wa...

43. =Demosthenes.= The Oration on the Crown and the Philippics. With English Notes. By Rev. T. H. L. LEARY, D.C.L., formerly Scholar of Brasenose College, Oxford. 1s. 6d.

TABLES.--Dalton's Table showing the Proportion of Dry Soda in Leys of different Densities--Table of Strength of Caustic Soda Solutions at 59° F. = 150° C. (Tünnerman)--Table sho...

MEASURES.--CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS, &C., SQUARES, CUBES, FOURTH POWERS.--SQUARE AND CUBE ROOTS.--SURFACE OF TUBES--RECIPROCALS.--LOGARITHMS.--MENSURATION.--SPECIFIC GRAVITIES A...

13. =Plato's Dialogues=: The Apology of Socrates, the Crito, and the Phædo. From the Text of C. F. HERMANN. Edited with Notes, Critical and Explanatory, by the Rev. JAMES DAVIES...

Waterproof Paper--Scoffern and Tidcombe's Process--Dr. Wright's Process for preparing Cupro-Ammonium--Jouglet's Process-- Waterproof Composition for Paper--Toughening Paper--Mor...

Bentley and Jackson's Drum-Washer--Drying Cylinders--Self-acting Dry Felt Regulator--Paper Cutting Machine--Single-web Winding Machine--Cooling and Damping Rolls--Reversing or P...

Sulphite Processes--Francke's Process--Ekman's Process--Dr. Mitscherlich's Process--Ritter and Kellner's Boiler-- Partington's Process--Blitz's Process--M'Dougall's Boiler for A...

The Fourdrinier Machine--Bertrams' Large Paper Machine--Stuff Chests--Strainers--Revolving Strainer and Knotter-- Self-cleansing Strainer--Roeckner's Pulp Strainers--The Machine...

Bleaching Operations--Sour Bleaching--Bleaching with Chloride of Lime--Donkin's Bleach Mixer--Bleaching with Chlorine Gas (Glaser's Process)--Electrolytic Bleaching (C. Watt's P...