Part 12
+-----------+-------+--------------------------------------------------+ | | | | | | | Urine. | | | | | | Date. | Body- +-------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | |weight.|Volume.| Sp. | Nitrogen. | Uric Acid.| P₂O₅. | | | | 24 | Gr. | | | | | | |hours. | | | | | +-----------+-------+-------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | 1903 | kilos | c.c. | | grams | gram | grams | | | | | | | | | | Oct. 13 | 63.2 | 1100 | 1017 | 10.63 | 0.323 | 2.38 | | 14 | | 1050 | 1020 | 9.83 | | | | 15 | | 1390 | 1018 | 14.93 | 0.432 | 1.98 | | 16 | | 1370 | 1017 | 11.26 | | | | 17 | | 1350 | 1019 | 11.18 | | | | 18 | | 1670 | 1017 | 11.62 | 0.490 | 2.51 | | 19 | 63.2 | 1075 | 1018 | 10.19 | | | | 20 | | 1260 | 1015 | 9.98 | 0.483 | 1.88 | | 21 | | 1350 | 1020 | 13.04 | | | | 22 | | 1405 | 1015 | 11.38 | 0.431 | 2.07 | | 23 | | 1240 | 1020 | 11.98 | | | | 24 | | 1200 | 1023 | 11.16 | | | | 25 | | 1365 | 1018 | 11.97 | 0.395 | 2.02 | | 26 | | 1195 | 1020 | 10.75 | | | | 27 | | 1240 | 1021 | 11.90 | 0.477 | 1.97 | | 28 | | 1704 | |⎫ | | | | 29 | | 1105 | |⎬ 9.29 | 0.398 | 1.69 | | 30 | 64.5 | 1180 | |⎪ daily | daily | daily | | 31 | | 910 | |⎪ average | average | average | | Nov. 1 | | 710 | |⎭ | | | | 2 | | 1540 | |⎫ | | | | 3 | | 1250 | |⎪ | | | | 4 | | 1300 | |⎬ 8.54 | 0.354 | 1.65 | | 5 | | 975 | |⎪ | | | | 6 | | 1150 | |⎭ | | | | 8 | 64.6 | 1192 | 1025 | 10.86 | 0.493 | | | 9 | | 845 | |⎫ | | | | 10 | | 1255 | |⎪ | | | | 11 | | 1245 | |⎪ | | | | 12 | | 1540 | |⎬ 8.84 | 0.368 | 1.85 | | 13 | | 940 | |⎪ | | | | 14 | | 1300 | |⎪ | | | | 15 | | 1065 | |⎭ | | | | 16 | 64.5 | 1165 | |⎫ 9.45 | | | | 17 | | 910 | |⎭ | | | | 18 | | 840 | | 10.59 | 0.444 | | | 19 | | 1720 | 1012 | 10.32 | 0.331 | 1.95 | | 20 | | 640 | 1022 | 8.60 | 0.336 |⎫ | | 21 | | 1310 | 1016 | 9.27 | 0.378 |⎬ 1.75 | | 22 | | 720 | 1026 | 8.42 | 0.415 |⎭ | | 23 | 64.7 | 900 | |⎫ | | | | 24 | | 1520 | |⎪ | | | | 25 | | 1095 | |⎪ | | | | 26 | | 710 | |⎬ 8.22 | 0.322 | 1.74 | | 27 | | 700 | |⎪ | | | | 28 | | 1140 | |⎪ | | | | 29 | | 1200 | |⎭ | | | | 30 | | 820 | |⎫ | | | | Dec. 1 | | 1335 | |⎪ | | | | 2 | 64.5 | 940 | |⎪ | | | | 3 | | 970 | |⎬ 8.15 | 0.362 | 1.68 | | 4 | | 1240 | |⎪ | | | | 5 | | 1190 | |⎪ | | | | 6 | | 720 | |⎭ | | | | 7 | | 1160 | |⎫ | | | | 8 | | 960 | |⎪ | | | | 9 | | 850 | |⎪ | | | | 10 | | 935 | |⎬ 9.12 | 0.342 | 2.11 | | 11 | | 945 | |⎪ | | | | 12 | | 1425 | |⎪ | | | | 13 | 64.3 | 1065 | |⎭ | | | | 14 | | 770 | |⎫ | | | | 15 | | 790 | |⎭ 9.08 | | | | 30 | | 1230 | 1017 |⎫ | | | | 31 | 66.1 | 1525 | 1020 |⎪ | | | | 1904 | | | |⎪ | | | | Jan. 1 | | 1010 | 1021 |⎬ 8.60 | 0.375 | 1.80 | | 2 | | 1270 | 1020 |⎪ | | | | 3 | | 1230 | 1020 |⎭ | | | | 4 | | 820 | |⎫ | | | | 5 | | 1425 | 1018 |⎪ | | | | 6 | | 1100 | 1021 |⎪ | | | | 7 | | 1025 | 1021 |⎬ 8.42 | 0.338 | 1.76 | | 8 | | 760 | |⎪ | | | | 9 | | 1450 | 1019 |⎪ | | | | 10 | 65.8 | 1410 | 1016 |⎭ | | | | 11 | | 1030 | 1017 |⎫ | | | | 12 | 65.0 | 830 | 1023 |⎪ | | | | 13 | | 790 | 1025 |⎪ | | | | 14 | | 1070 | 1020 |⎬ 8.51 | 0.428 | | | 15 | | 1300 | 1019 |⎪ | | | | 16 | | 925 | 1025 |⎪ | | | | 17 | | 1100 | 1023 |⎭ | | | | 18 | | 850 | 1025 |⎫ | | | | 19 | | 1120 | 1019 |⎪ | | | | 20 | | 1005 | 1020 |⎪ | | | | 21 | | 1270 | 1020 |⎬ 8.23 | | | | 22 | | 980 | 1020 |⎪ | | | | 23 | | 650 | |⎪ | | | | 24 | | 980 | 1024 |⎭ | | | | 25 | 65.5 | 1000 | |⎫ | | | | 26 | | 940 | |⎪ | | | | 27 | | 1350 | |⎪ | | | | 28 | | 840 | |⎬ 8.85 | 0.395 | 1.67 | | 29 | | 675 | |⎪ | | | | 30 | | 740 | |⎪ | | | | 31 | | 1160 | 1017 |⎭ | | | | Feb. 1 | | 700 | |⎫ | | | | 2 | | 860 | |⎪ | | | | 3 | | 925 | |⎪ | | | | 4 | | 590 | |⎬ 8.22 | 0.381 | 1.19 | | 5 | | 835 | |⎪ | | | | 6 | | 935 | |⎪ | | | | 7 | | 930 | |⎭ | | | | 8 | | 1035 | 1017 | 9.00 | | | | 9 | 64.1 | 800 | 1027 | 8.64 | 0.432 | | | 10 | | 940 | 1020 | 8.29 | 0.314 | | | 11 | | 720 | 1030 | 8.55 | 0.364 | | | 12 | | 860 | 1023 | 9.93 | 0.348 | | | 13 | | 980 | 1022 | 8.87 | 0.379 | | | 14 | 63.9 | 1285 | 1022 | 8.33 | 0.385 | | | 15 | | 910 | |⎫ | | | | 16 | | 1210 | |⎪ | | | | 17 | | 1455 | |⎪ | | | | 18 | | 1000 | 1022 |⎬ 9.30 | 0.301 | | | 19 | | 1420 | |⎪ | | | | 20 | | 1050 | |⎪ | | | | 21 | 64.5 | 1365 | |⎭ | | | | 22 | | 765 | |⎫ | | | | 23 | | 1070 | |⎪ | | | | 24 | | 1080 | |⎬ 9.685 | 0.423 | | | 25 | | 1495 | |⎪ | | | | 26 | | 970 | |⎪ | | | | 28 | | 750 | |⎭ | | | | 29 | | 725 | |⎫ | | | | Mar. 1 | | 1100 | |⎪ | | | | 2 | | 990 | 1024 |⎪ | | | | 3 | | 1180 | |⎬ 10.31 | 0.410 | | | 4 | | 1100 | |⎪ | | | | 5 | | 1010 | |⎪ | | | | 6 | | 970 | |⎭ | | | | 7 | | 790 | |⎫ | | | | 8 | 64.4 | 670 | |⎪ | | | | 9 | | 840 | |⎪ | | | | 10 | | 1110 | |⎬ 8.99 | 0.433 | | | 11 | | 1090 | |⎪ | | | | 12 | | 755 | |⎪ | | | | 13 | | 1220 | |⎭ | | | | 14 | | 745 | |⎫ | | | | 15 | | 1030 | |⎪ | | | | 16 | | 1040 | |⎪ | | | | 17 | | 1080 | |⎬ 8.24 | 0.368 | | | 18 | | 1390 | |⎪ | | | | 19 | | 795 | |⎪ | | | | 20 | 64.0 | 840 | |⎭ | | | | 21 | | 720 | |⎫ | | | | 22 | | 970 | |⎪ | | | | 23 | | 1200 | |⎪ | | | | 24 | | 845 | |⎬ 9.26 | 0.545 | | | 25 | | 1000 | |⎪ | | | | 26 | | 1180 | |⎪ | | | | 27 | | 1750 | |⎭ | | | | 28 | | 820 | |⎫ | | | | 29 | | 710 | |⎪ | | | | 30 | | 1100 | |⎬ 9.59 | 0.409 | | | 31 | | 770 | |⎪ | | | | Apr. 1 | | 1250 | |⎪ | | | | 2 | | 885 | |⎭ | | | | 3 | 65.0 | 630 | | | | | +-----------+-------+-------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ |Daily average from | | | | | | | Oct. 28, 1903 | 1035 | 1021 | 8.99 | 0.386 | 1.73 | +-------------------+-------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
On February 9, a nitrogen balance was attempted, when for a period of six days a careful comparison of intake and output of nitrogen was made. The results show that while during this period of six days 52.999 grams of nitrogen were ingested, there was an output through the urine and fæces of 61.13 grams of nitrogen, thus indicating a minus balance for this period of 1.355 grams of nitrogen per day. The average daily intake of nitrogen was 8.83 grams. The average daily output of nitrogen through the kidneys was 8.77 grams, being 0.22 gram less than the average daily excretion through the kidneys for the six months’ period. The fuel value of the food for this period averaged 2529 calories per day. The nitrogen balance, however, is so strikingly a minus balance that we are forced to conclude the above quantities of food were not quite sufficient to meet the needs of the body under the then existing conditions. Still, the fact that the body-weight during the entire period of six months showed no tendency downward implies that during this longer period the body must have been essentially in nitrogen equilibrium, under conditions whereby there was a metabolism of only 56 grams of proteid per day. As before stated, this means a physiological economy, as contrasted with existing standards, of about 50 per cent in proteid food. So far as was to be seen, the bodily strength and vigor of the subject, like his body-weight, were fully maintained under the restricted diet, but, for some reason, he did not apparently take as kindly to a reduction of proteid food, and did not accomplish so great a lowering in the rate of proteid metabolism.
Following are the data of the balance experiment:
_Tuesday, February 9, 1904._
Breakfast.—Coffee 210 grams, bread 38.5 grams, oatmeal 127 grams, cream 92 grams, sugar 20 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 63.5 grams, butter 12.5 grams, potato 155 grams, consommé 150 grams, stewed tomato 109 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 20 grams, pudding 85 grams.
Dinner.—Roast beef 17.5 grams, potato 177 grams, bread 39.1 grams, butter 12 grams, string beans 110 grams, apple pie 237.6 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Coffee 210.0 × 0.10 = 0.210 grams. Bread 38.5 + 63.5 + 39.1 = 141.1 × 1.36 = 1.918 Oatmeal 127.0 × 0.64 = 0.812 Cream 92.0 × 0.40 = 0.368 Butter 12.5 + 12 = 24.5 × 0.088 = 0.021 Potato 155.0 × 0.28 = 0.434 Consommé 150.0 × 0.38 = 0.570 Tomato 109.0 × 0.19 = 0.207 Sugar 20 + 20 = 40.0 × 0.00 = 0.000 Pudding 85.0 × 0.69 = 0.586 Roast beef 17.5 × 2.64 = 0.462 Potato 177.0 × 0.36 = 0.637 String beans 110.0 × 0.26 = 0.286 Apple pie 237.6 × 0.49 = 1.164 Coffee 210.0 × 0.099 = 0.208 ------ Total nitrogen in food 7.883 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 8.640
Fuel value of the food 2576 calories.
_Wednesday, February 10, 1904._
Breakfast.—Coffee 210 grams, bread 31.8 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 40 grams, oatmeal 155 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 77 grams, butter 14.5 grams, apple fritters 193.5 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 20 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 82 grams, butter 20 grams, cranberries 150 grams, baked beans 150 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 32 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Coffee 210.0 × 0.12 = 0.252 grams. Bread 31.8 + 77 + 82 = 190.8 × 1.65 = 3.148 Cream 50.0 × 0.47 = 0.235 Sugar 40 + 20 + 32 = 92.0 × 0.00 = 0.000 Oatmeal 155.0 × 0.60 = 0.930 Butter 14.5 + 20 = 34.5 × 0.088 = 0.030 Fritters 193.5 × 0.45 = 0.870 Coffee 210.0 × 0.11 = 0.231 Cranberries 150.0 × 0.04 = 0.060 Baked beans 150.0 × 1.40 = 2.100 Coffee 210.0 × 0.11 = 0.231 ------ Total nitrogen in food 8.087 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 8.290
Fuel value of the food 2145 calories.
_Thursday, February 11, 1904._
Breakfast.—Bread 49 grams, oatmeal 185.7 grams, cream 64 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 35 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 111.8 grams, butter 40.5 grams, sweet potato 287 grams, peach preserve 109.3 grams.
Dinner.—Tomato purée 99 grams, bread 94.5 grams, butter 21.5 grams, beans 138 grams, lemon pie 155 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Bread 49 + 111.8 + 94.5 = 255.3 × 1.75 = 4.467 grams. Oatmeal 185.7 × 0.40 = 0.742 Cream 64.0 × 0.49 = 0.313 Coffee 210.0 × 0.096 = 0.201 Sugar 35 + 21 = 56.0 × 0.00 = 0.000 Butter 40.5 + 21.5 = 62.0 × 0.088 = 0.054 Sweet potato 287.0 × 0.31 = 0.889 Peach preserve 109.3 × 0.09 = 0.098 Tomato purée 99.0 × 0.33 = 0.326 Beans 138.0 × 1.30 = 1.794 Lemon pie 155.0 × 0.61 = 0.945 Coffee 210.0 × 0.13 = 0.273 ------ Total nitrogen in food 10.102 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 8.550
Fuel value of the food 2854 calories.
_Friday, February 12, 1904._
Breakfast.—Oatmeal 192.3 grams, cream 75.5 grams, bread 41.6 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 20 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 64.1 grams, butter 14 grams, fish cakes 60 grams, potato 200 grams, custard 107.3 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 60 grams, butter 15 grams, lima beans 100 grams, potato 150 grams, apple dumpling 259 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal 192.3 × 0.52 = 0.999 grams. Cream 75.5 × 0.50 = 0.377 Bread 41.6 + 64.1 + 60 = 165.7 × 1.71 = 2.833 Coffee 210.0 × 0.11 = 0.231 Sugar 20.0 × 0.00 = 0.000 Butter 14 + 15 = 29.0 × 0.088 = 0.025 Fish cakes 60.0 × 1.57 = 0.942 Potato 200.0 × 0.41 = 0.820 Custard 107.3 × 0.83 = 0.890 Lima beans 100.0 × 0.90 = 0.900 Potato 150.0 × 0.37 = 0.555 Apple dumpling 259.0 × 0.72 = 1.864 ------ Total nitrogen in food 10.436 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 9.930
Fuel value of the food 2363 calories.
_Saturday, February 13, 1904._
Breakfast.—Oatmeal 150 grams, cream 42 grams, sugar 31 grams, bread 31 grams, coffee 210 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 36 grams, sweet potato 222 grams, butter 17 grams, quince preserve 81.5 grams, apple turnover 154.5 grains.
Dinner.—Potato 175 grams, bread 62 grams, butter 15 grams, peas 100 grams, apple pie 177 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal 150.0 × 0.43 = 0.645 grams. Cream 42.0 × 0.50 = 0.210 Sugar 31 + 21 = 52.0 × 0.00 = 0.000 Bread 31 + 36 + 62 = 129.0 × 1.64 = 2.115 Coffee 210.0 × 0.11 = 0.231 Sweet potato 222.0 × 0.37 = 0.821 Butter 17 + 15 = 32.0 × 0.088 = 0.028 Quince preserve 81.5 × 0.047 = 0.038 Apple turnover 154.5 × 0.96 = 1.483 Potato 175.0 × 0.37 = 0.647 Peas 100.0 × 0.96 = 0.960 Apple pie 177.0 × 0.43 = 0.761 Coffee 210.0 × 0.11 = 0.231 ------ Total nitrogen in food 8.170 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 8.870
Fuel value of the food 2606 calories.
_Sunday, February 14, 1904._
Breakfast.—Quaker oats 150 grams, bread 42.5 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 31 grams, banana 88.2 grams, cream 87.6 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 87.3 grams, butter 28.7 grams, potato 210 grams, apple sauce 116.5 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 51.5 grams, butter 12.2 grams, sugar 21 grams, potato 150 grams, succotash 100 grams, chocolate cake 122.5 grams, vanilla ice 110.7 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Quaker oats 150.0 × 0.46 = 0.690 grams. Bread 42.5 + 87.3 + 51.5 = 181.3 × 1.75 = 3.172 Coffee 210.0 × 0.11 = 0.231 Sugar 31 + 21 = 52.0 × 0.00 = 0.000 Banana 88.2 × 0.20 = 0.176 Cream 87.6 × 0.50 = 0.438 Butter 28.7 + 12.2 = 40.9 × 0.088 = 0.035 Potato 210.0 × 0.41 = 0.861 Apple sauce 116.5 × 0.029 = 0.033 Potato 150.0 × 0.37 = 0.555 Succotash 100.0 × 0.57 = 0.570 Chocolate cake 122.5 × 0.75 = 0.918 Vanilla ice 110.7 × 0.58 = 0.642 ------ Total nitrogen in food 8.321 grams. Total nitrogen in urine 8.330
Fuel value of the food 2635 calories.
NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Dean._