Part 4

Value. Head, nose, eyes, and teeth 20 Ears 10 Neck, shoulders, and chest 10 Back and loins 5 Fore legs 5 Hind legs 5 Feet 5 Hind quarters 10 Coat and color 20 General appearance 10 --- Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—A small, cobby dog, with sharp expression, lively, always on the alert.

HEAD.—Foxy in type; skull broad, not round; little stop. Muzzle fine, not weak, well filled out below eyes. Nose black and small. Eyes small, dark brown, not full, more round than oval, bright, and full of expression. Ears moderate length, tapering, carried stiffly erect and at right angles with skull. Teeth strong and level.

NECK.—Short, strong, full, and stiffly arched.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders muscular, sloping; chest deep and broad.

BACK.—Short, straight, strong; loins powerful and well drawn up.

LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs perfectly straight, well under body, good bone. Hind legs strong; hocks well let down. Feet small, cat-like; nails black.

HIND QUARTERS.—Fine compared to fore parts, muscular, well developed; rump well rounded; tailless.

COAT.—Black, abundant, dense, harsh; smooth on head, ears, and legs; lying close on back and sides; erect and thick around neck, forming a mane and frill; well feathered on thighs.

WEIGHT.—About 12 pounds.

DEFECTS.—White hairs are objected to.

DISQUALIFYING POINTS.—Drop or semi-erect ears.

THE SETTER (ENGLISH).

ORIGIN.—Best authorities claim it to be descended from the old Spanish setting-spaniel.

USES.—Hunting all kinds of game-birds.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Skull 5 Nose 5 Ears, lips, and eyes 10 Neck 5 Shoulders and chest 15 Back, quarters, and stifles 15 Legs, elbows, and hocks 12 Feet 8 Flag 5 Symmetry and quality 10 Coat 5 Color 5 --- Total 100

HEAD.—Considerable prominence of occipital bone, moderately narrow between ears, with decided brow over eyes. Nose long, wide, without fullness under eye; nostrils large and wide apart. Dark specimens should have black nose; for orange and whites, or lemon and whites, a colored nose is desirable. Jaws level, and of equal length. Ears small, shorter than a pointer’s, and carried close to cheeks, partly clothed with silky hair; leather thin and soft. Lips not full nor pendulous. Eyes medium size, animated, best colors being brown.

NECK.—Not throaty; skin rather loose; slightly arched.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders sloping; elbows well let down; chest deep; ribs well sprung, with great depth of back ribs.

BACK.—Arched over loins, but not wheel-back; stifles well bent, set wide apart.

LEGS, ELBOWS, AND TOES.—Legs straight; arms muscular; knees broad and strong; pasterns short; hind legs muscular, plenty of bone; hocks clean and strong.

FEET.—Either cat- or harefoot; but either must be well clothed with hair and between toes.

FLAG.—Sweeps gently downward; feather plenty, straight and silky.

COAT.—Soft, silky, without curl.

COLOR.—Black and white, ticked with large splashes and more or less marked with black; orange and white, liver and white, ticked as above; black and white, ticked with tan markings; orange or lemon and white; black and white; liver and white.

THE SETTER (GORDON).

ORIGIN.—The Duke of Gordon claims to be the originator of this breed (1820), being the outcome of a cross with a breed of setters he then owned, and one of his very keen-nosed collies.

USES.—Hunting all kinds of game-birds.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Head and neck 35 Shoulders and chest 12 Loins and quarters 12 Feet and legs 16 Color 10 Coat and feather 10 Tail 5 --- Total 100

HEAD.—Heavier than the English setter’s, broad at top between ears; skull slightly rounded; occiput well developed. Nose moderately long and broad across top; nostrils well distended. Some good ones show slight dewlap and haw.

BODY.—Heavier than the English setter’s, but may be judged on same lines.

COLOR.—This is of great importance. The colors are black and tan. The black should be jet black (not brown nor rusty); the tan, a rich dark mahogany, grown on inside of thighs, down front of stifles, and on front legs to knees; muzzle also tan; spots over eyes well defined, also those on the points of shoulders.

THE SETTER (IRISH).

ORIGIN.—Probably the same as that of the English setter, the color now making it a distinct breed. It was originally red and white.

USES.—Hunting all kinds of game-birds.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Head 10 Eyes 5 Ears 5 Neck 5 Body 15 Shoulders, fore legs, and feet 12 Hind legs 10 Tail 8 Coat and feather 8 Color 8 Size, style, and general appearance 14 --- Total 100

HEAD.—Long and lean; skull oval (from ear to ear), with well-defined occipital protuberance; brows raised, showing stop; muzzle moderately deep, fairly square at end; from stop to point of nose should be long; nostrils wide, and jaws of nearly equal length; flews not pendulous. Color of nose dark mahogany or dark chocolate, that of eyes (which ought not to be too large) rich hazel or brown. Ears of moderate size, fine in texture, set on low, well back, and hanging in a neat fold close to head.

NECK.—Moderately long, very muscular, but not too thick, slightly arched, free from throatiness.

BODY.—Proportionately long; shoulders fine at the points, deep, and sloping well back; chest deep, rather narrow in front; ribs well sprung; loins muscular and slightly arched; hind quarters wide and powerful.

LEGS AND FEET.—Hind legs from hip to hock long and muscular, from hock to heel short and strong; stifles and hock-joints well bent, and not inclined either in or out. Fore legs strong, sinewy, having plenty of bone, with elbows free, well let down, and not inclined either out or in. Feet rather small, very firm; toes strong, close together, and arched.

TAIL.—Moderate length, set on rather low, strong at root, and tapering to a fine point; carried in a slight, simitar-like curve, or straight, nearly level with back.

COAT.—On head, front of legs, and tips of ears short and fine, but on all other parts of body of moderate length, flat, and as free as possible from curl or wave.

FEATHERING.—The feather on upper portion of ears long and silky, on back of fore and hind legs long and fine; a fair amount of hair on belly, forming a nice fringe, which may extend on chest and throat; feet well feathered between toes; tail to have a nice fringe of moderately long hair, decreasing in length as it approaches the point. All feathering as _straight_ and flat as possible.

COLOR AND MARKINGS.—Color a rich golden chestnut or mahogany red, with no trace whatever of black; white on chest, throat, or toes, or a small star on forehead, or a narrow streak or blaze on nose or face, _not_ to disqualify.

THE SHEEP-DOG (OLD ENGLISH OR BOBTAIL).

ORIGIN.—It is claimed by the Welsh that this is purely a breed belonging to their own country.

USES.—Same as the rough and smooth varieties of collie.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Skull 10 Jaw, eyes, and nose 15 Color 10 Teeth and ears 10 Legs (if coated) 10 Tail (undocked) 10 Neck and shoulders 10 Body, loins, and hind quarters 10 Coat 10 Markings 5 --- Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Strong, compact, cobby dog, profusely coated all over; moves bear-like.

HEAD.—Skull capacious, rather square; parts over eyes well arched; the whole well covered with hair. Jaw fairly long and square. Stop slightly defined. Eyes in dark blue should be dark brown; in lighter colors they will follow them, and where white predominates a wall eye is typical. Nose black and fairly large. Teeth strong, firm, and even. Ears medium, heavy, and carried close.

NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck long, arched, graceful, well coated; shoulders sloping, so that the dog is lower here than at hind quarters.

FORE LEGS.—Straight, plenty of bone, not “leggy,” well coated.

FEET.—Round, large, toes arched, pads hard.

TAIL.—All other points being equal, the tailless specimen wins over the one with a tail; the less he has of it, the better.

BODY.—Rather short, very compact; ribs well sprung; brisket deep; loins very stout, arched; hind quarters bulky.

COAT.—Profuse, fairly hard and strong; double-coated, as in the rough collie.

COLOR.—Dark, light, or pigeon blue, and steel gray, generally mixed with white; white collars, legs, chest, and face greatly desired.

HEIGHT.—Twenty inches and upward.

Stonehenge says: “Usually these ‘bobs’ are strongly made and symmetrical dogs, but without any definite type; they have frequently a tendency to the brindle in color.” In awarding prizes, the premier honors seem generally to go to the homeliest specimens.

THE SPANIEL (CLUMBER).

ORIGIN.—It is claimed that this breed originated at Clumber, the seat of the Duke of Newcastle, though records say it was imported by the duke from the kennels of the Duc de Noailles, and possesses a strain of Basset blood. It certainly has some resemblance to that breed of French dogs.

USES.—Hunting game-birds, and generally runs mute.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. General appearance and size 10 Head 15 Eyes 5 Ears 10 Neck and shoulders 15 Body and quarters 20 Legs and feet 10 Coat and feather 10 Color and markings 5 --- Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE AND SIZE.—A long, low, heavy-looking dog, of a very thoughtful expression, betokening great intelligence; should have the appearance of great power, but not clumsiness. Weight of dogs, 55 to 65 pounds; bitches, 35 to 50 pounds.

HEAD.—Large, massive, round above eyes, flat on top, a furrow running up from between the eyes; a marked stop, and large occipital protuberance. Jaw long, broad, and deep; lips of upper jaw overhung. Muzzle not square, but powerful-looking. Nostrils large, open, and flesh-colored, sometimes cherry-colored. Eyes large, soft, deep set, showing haw; hazel in color, not too pale. Ears long, broad at the top, turned over on front edge, vine-shaped, close to head, set on low; feathered only on front edge, and but slightly. Hair short, silky, without slightest approach to wave or curl.

NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck long, thick, powerful, free from dewlap, with a large ruff; shoulders immensely strong, muscular, giving a heavy appearance in front.

BODY AND QUARTERS.—Body very long and low, well ribbed up, and long in the coupling; chest of great depth and volume; loins powerful, and not too much arched; back long, broad, and straight, free from droop or bow. Length an important characteristic; the nearer the dog is in length to being two and a half times its height at shoulder, the better. Quarters shapely and very muscular, neither drooping nor stilty.

LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs short, straight, immensely heavy in bone, well in at elbow. Hind legs heavy in bone, but not as heavy as fore legs; no feather below hocks, but thick hair on back of leg just above foot. Feet large, compact, and plentifully filled with hair between toes.

COAT AND FEATHER.—Coat silky and straight, not too long, extremely dense; feather long and abundant.

COLOR AND MARKINGS.—Color lemon and white, and orange and white; the fewer markings, the better. Perfection is solid lemon or orange ears, evenly marked head, muzzle and leg ticked.

STERN.—Set on level, and carried low.

THE SPANIEL (COCKER).

ORIGIN.—Presumably an offshoot of the field-spaniel.

USES.—Hunting, principally woodcock and partridge.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. General appearance 10 Head 15 Eyes 5 Ears 10 Neck and shoulders 10 Body 15 Length 5 Legs and feet 15 Coat 10 Tail 5 --- Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE, SYMMETRY, ETC.—A well-built, graceful, and active dog, showing strength without heaviness. Any of the spaniel colors is allowable. (See Field-spaniel.) Weight not over 28 nor less than 18 pounds.

HEAD.—Fair length; muzzle cut off square, tapering gradually from the eye, not snipy; skull rising in a graceful curve from stop, and with same outline at occiput, the curve line being flatter, but still curving at middle of skull. Head should be narrowest at the eyes, and broadest at set-on of ears, and, viewed from the front, outline between ears should be a nearly perfect segment of a circle. Stop is marked, and a groove runs up the skull, gradually becoming less apparent, till lost about half-way to occiput. This prevents the domed King Charles skull, and produces a light, graceful, well-balanced head. Jaws level. Teeth strong, regular. Eyes round and moderately full, corresponding in color with coat. Ears lobular, set on low; leather fine, and not extending beyond nose; well clothed with long, silky hair, which _must_ be straight or wavy—no positive curls or ringlets.

NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck sufficiently long to allow the nose to reach the ground easily; muscular, and running into well-shaped, sloping shoulders.

BODY.—Ribs well sprung; chest of fair width and depth; body well ribbed back, short in the coupling; flank free from any tucked-up appearance; loins strong; length from tip of nose to root of tail about twice the height at shoulder.

LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs short, strong in bone and muscle, straight, neither bent in nor out at elbows; pasterns straight, short, and strong; elbows well let down. Hind legs strong; well-bent stifles; hocks straight, and near the ground. Feet of good size, round, turning neither in nor out; toes not too spreading; soles furnished with hard, horny pads, with plenty of hair between the toes.

COAT.—Abundant, soft, and silky, straight or wavy, without curl; chest, legs, and tail well feathered; no topknot nor curly hair on top of head.

TAIL.—Usually docked; carried nearly level with back. At work it is carried lower, with a quick, nervous action which is characteristic of the breed.

THE SPANIEL (FIELD).

ORIGIN.—Probably one of the oldest of the known breeds, coming originally from Spain; in fact, it is claimed as the parent of the setter.

USES.—Hunting game-birds, principally woodcock and partridge.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Head 15 Ears 10 Neck 5 Shoulders and arms 10 Legs and feet 15 Body and quarters 20 Coat and feather 15 Tail 10 --- Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Considerably larger, heavier, stronger in build than the cocker. Conformation should be long and low, more so than the cocker. Colors most preferred are solid black or liver; but liver and white, black and white, black and tan, orange, and orange and white are all legitimate spaniel colors.

HEAD.—Long, and not too wide, carried gracefully; skull showing clearly cut brows, but without a very pronounced stop; occiput distinct, and rising considerably above set-on of ears. Muzzle long, with well-developed nose, not too thick immediately in front of eye, and maintaining nearly same breadth to the point; sufficient flew to give a certain squareness to muzzle and avoid snipiness. Teeth sound and regular. Eyes intelligent and dark, not showing haw, nor so large as to be prominent or goggle-eyed. Ears long, and hung low on skull, lobe-shaped, and covered with straight or slightly wavy silky feather.

NECK.—Long, graceful, and free from throatiness; not too thick, but strongly set into shoulders and brisket.

SHOULDERS AND ARMS.—Shoulder-blades should lie obliquely, with sufficient looseness of attachment to give freedom to forearms, which should be well let down.

LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs straight, very strong and short. Hind legs well bent at stifle-joint, with plenty of muscular power. Feet of good size, with thick, well-developed pads; not flat nor spreading.

BODY AND QUARTERS.—Long, with well-sprung ribs; strong, slightly arching loins, well coupled to the quarters, which may droop slightly toward stern.

COAT AND FEATHER.—Coat as straight and flat as possible, silky in texture, of sufficient denseness to afford good protection to the skin in thorny coverts, and moderately long; feather long and ample, straight or very slightly wavy, heavily fringing ears, back of fore legs, between toes, and on back of quarters.

TAIL.—Strong, and not carried higher than level of back.

THE SPANIEL (IRISH WATER).

ORIGIN.—This cannot be traced, yet it is supposed to have a decided cross of the poodle.

USES.—Retrieving wounded game from the water.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Head, jaw, eyes, and topknot 20 Ears 5 Neck 5 Body 10 Fore legs 10 Hind legs 10 Feet 5 Stern 10 Coat 15 General appearance 10 --- Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—A strong, somewhat leggy dog.

HEAD.—Skull medium length, rather broad; very little stop Muzzle long, and broad to end. Eyes dark brown, and very intelligent. Ears long, and covered with curls.

NECK.—Long, slightly arched, and muscular.

BODY.—Fair-sized; barrel well rounded and ribbed up.

NOSE.—Liver-colored, large, and well developed.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders long and oblique; chest deep, but not very wide.

BACK AND LOINS.—Back strong and flat; loins strong, fair length, and a trifle arched.

HIND QUARTERS.—Long; hocks well let down, and stifles straighter than in other varieties of spaniels.

STERN.—Strong at root, and tapering to a fine point; the hair on it must be quite short, straight, and close-lying.

LEGS AND FEET.—Legs well boned and quite straight, somewhat long. Feet rather large.

COAT.—All over little curls, hard, but not woolly. The topknot of long hair should fall over the eyes in a peak, and legs should have as little feather on them as possible.

COLOR.—A rich, dark liver. White on toes or breast a _defect_, but not a disqualification.

NEGATIVE POINTS.

Value. Feather on stern 10 White on chest 5

THE SPANIEL (JAPANESE).

ORIGIN.—A native of Japan, where it is also called the “sleeve-dog,” on account of being carried there by the “swells” of that country.

USES.—Simply a pet dog, and extremely intelligent.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Head—size and shape of skull 10 Shortness of face and muzzle 10 Width of muzzle 5 Eyes 10 Ears 10 Coat and markings 15 Size and symmetry 20 Legs and feet 10 Tail 10 --- Total 100

HEAD AND NECK.—Head large, broad; slightly rounded skull; neck short, and moderately thick. Eyes large, dark, lustrous, rather prominent, wide apart. Muzzle strong, wide, very short from stop to nose; jaws upturned; teeth not to be shown; nose very short, the end wide with open nostrils, and same color as markings. Ears small, V-shaped; well feathered, set high, and wide apart; carried forward.

BODY.—Compact, squarely built, cobby, the body and legs forming a square.

LEGS AND FEET.—Bones of legs small, slender, well feathered. Feet small, cat-like; the feather increasing the length, _never_ the width.

TAIL.—Carried over back in tight curl; profusely feathered.

COAT.—Profuse, long, straight, rather silky, free from wave, not too flat.

COLOR.—Black, red, or white; parti-colors with white ground preferred. Blenheim markings are most showy. In variation of markings the colors _must_ remain distinct.

WEIGHT.—Four to nine pounds; the smaller, the better.

THE SPANIEL (SUSSEX).

ORIGIN.—It is impossible to trace this origin.

USES.—Hunting pheasants, and sometimes for its fur.

SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Head and jaw 15 Eyes 5 Ears 5 Neck 5 Body 15 Fore legs 10 Hind legs 10 Feet 5 Stern 5 Coat and feather 10 General appearance 15 --- Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Rather massive and muscular, but with free movements and nice tail action.