Part 3

Value. Shape of skull 10 Girth of skull 10 Ears—carriage and size 5 Muzzle—bluntness, breadth, depth, lips, color (each 3 points) 15 Neck 4 Breadth of breast 4 Loins and back 4 Girth of chest 4 Shoulders 4 Length 4 Thighs 3 Stern 3 Legs 3 Feet 2 Size, height, and general appearance of bulk 15 Coat 5 Fawns, dark ears and muzzle, or brindle with dark ears and muzzle 5 --- Total 100

GENERAL CHARACTER.—Large, massive, powerful, symmetrical, and well knit; a combination of grandeur and good nature, courage and docility.

HEAD.—Square when viewed from any point; breadth greatly to be desired, and should be in ratio to length of the whole head and face as 2 to 3.

BODY.—Massive, broad, deep, long, powerfully built; legs wide apart, squarely set; muscles sharply defined; size a great desideratum if combined with quality; height of less importance than substance.

SKULL.—Broad between ears; forehead flat, wrinkled; muscles of temples and cheeks well developed; arch across skull a rounded, flattened curve, and a depression up center of forehead.

FACE OR MUZZLE.—Short, broad under eyes, keeping nearly parallel in width to end of nose; blunt, cut off square, thus forming a right angle with upper line of face, of great depth from point of nose to under jaw; under jaw broad to end. Teeth powerful, wide apart; incisors level, or the lower projecting beyond the upper, but never sufficiently so as to become visible when mouth is closed. Length of muzzle to whole head and face as 1 to 3; circumference of muzzle (between eyes and nose) to that of head (before the ears) as 3 to 5. Ears small, thin, wide apart, set on high, flat, and close to cheeks when in repose. Eyes small, wide apart, divided by at least the space of two eyes; stop well marked, but not too abrupt; color hazel brown, the darker the better, showing no haw. Nose broad, with widely spreading nostrils; flat (not pointed nor turned up). Lips slightly pendulous.

NECK.—Slightly arched, moderately long, very muscular.

CHEST.—Wide, deep, well let down; ribs arched and well rounded; false ribs deep and well set back to hips.

SHOULDER AND ARM.—Slightly sloping, heavy and muscular.

FORE LEGS AND FEET.—Straight, strong, set wide apart; bones very large; elbows square; pasterns upright. Feet large and round; toes well arched up; nails black.

BACK, LOINS, AND FLANKS.—Wide and muscular; flat and very wide in a bitch, slightly arched in a dog.

HIND QUARTERS AND THIGHS.—Broad, wide, muscular; well-developed second thighs; stifles straight; hocks bent, wide apart, and squarely set when standing or walking; feet round and _without_ dew-claws.

TAIL.—Put on high up, reaching to hocks, or a little below; wide at root, tapering; hanging straight in repose, but forming a curve with end pointing upward, but not over the back, when the dog is excited.

COAT.—Short and close-lying, not too fine over shoulders, neck, and back.

COLOR.—Apricot or silver fawn, or dark fawn-brindle; muzzle, ears, and nose should be black, with black round the orbits and extending upward between them. Fawns and brindles without dark points, reds without black muzzle, and pies, award no points for color.

WEIGHT.—Dogs 27 inches should weigh 120 pounds.

THE MEXICAN HAIRLESS.

ORIGIN.—One of the oldest of known breeds, being found nearly all over the world, but best known as coming from Mexico, where its origin is unknown.

USES.—A pet dog.

DESCRIPTION.—A smart-looking sort of terrier of some kind, with perhaps a bit of greyhound blood in it. There is no scale of points, nor is there any club organized to foster the breed. It is entirely devoid of hair, except sometimes a tuft or crest on its head and a few straggling hairs on various parts of the body. It is a lively little fellow, mostly of a brown color, and, though devoid of hair, can stand the cold very well. It has a rounded body, a bit cobby in appearance, with somewhat of a terrier head. Weight is about 15 pounds.

THE NEWFOUNDLAND.

ORIGIN.—Indigenous to Newfoundland, from which it takes its name. This dog is probably a cross of some of the European dogs, some writers claiming that it shows the blood of both the St. Bernard and the water-spaniel.

USES.—A good companion, and a water-dog as well.

* No Scale of Points adopted.

HEAD.—Broad, massive, flat on skull; occipital bone well developed; no decided stop. Muzzle short, clean cut, and rather square in shape.

COAT.—Flat, dense, of coarsish texture, oily.

BODY.—Well ribbed up; broad back; neck strong, and muscular loins.

FORE LEGS.—Straight, muscular; elbows well let down, and feather all over.

HIND QUARTERS AND LEGS.—Hind quarters very strong; free action of legs, which should have little feather. Dew-claws should be removed.

CHEST.—Deep, fairly broad, well covered with hair, but no frill.

BONE.—Massive, but not giving a heavy appearance.

FEET.—Large; splayed or turned-out feet objectionable.

TAIL.—Moderate length (to hocks); well covered with long hair, but no flag; in repose it should hang downward with a curve at end. Tails with kinks in them or carried over the back are objectionable.

EARS.—Small, set well back, square with the skull, close to head, and covered with short hair; no fringe.

EYES.—Small, dark brown, deeply set, but showing no haw; wide apart.

COLOR.—Jet black; a tinge of bronze or splash of white on chest and toes _not_ objectionable.

HEIGHT AND WEIGHT.—Average height is 27 inches for dog, and 25 inches for bitch; weight, 100 and 85 pounds respectively.

DEFECTS.—Slack loins and cow-hocked.

THE POINTER.

ORIGIN.—The dog originally came from Spain, was imported into Great Britain, and undergoing many changes, no doubt by crossing with the foxhound, is to-day a vast improvement on the parent stock.

USES.—Hunting all kinds of game-birds.

SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Skull 10 Nose 10 Ears, eyes, and lips 4 Neck 6 Shoulders and chest 15 Hind quarters and stifles 15 Legs, elbows, and hocks 12 Feet 8 Tail 5 Coat 3 Color 5 Symmetry and quality 7 --- Total 100

Brains, nose, and speed make the pointer. The countenance should be lively and intelligent.

HEAD.—Large, flat; stop well defined, and with a depression running from stop to occiput. The head should not be heavy, as this indicates coarseness and an unreliable disposition. A full development of occipital bone is indispensable. Nose large, long, broad (black in all except lemons and whites, when it should be deep flesh color), deep enough to make it “square”-muzzled; nostrils large and open. Ears moderately long, filbert-shaped, and lying flat; set low; leather thin and flexible; coverings silky. Eyes medium size, not set wide apart, and of the various shades of brown, varying with color of coat. Lips full; not thick nor pendulous.

NECK.—Arched, round, firm, and not too short; _no tendency_ to throatiness; _no_ dewlap.

SHOULDERS.—Long, sloping, and powerful.

CHEST.—Deep, with narrow sternum, sloping backward to a well-tucked-up abdomen; ribs moderately sprung, _not flat_.

HIND QUARTERS.—Loins should be broad and slightly arched; hips thick, strong, and muscular; stifles are generally straight, but should be well bent.

LEGS.—Good legs are most essential; front legs should be straight and strong, hind legs well crooked, and both should be covered with strong, compact muscles, well developed; the elbow- and hock-joints should be hinged long and set straight with sides of body.

FEET.—With surface enough to sustain the weight, but not too large; round and cat-like; pads full and tough; nails short and thick, with plenty of hair between toes.

TAIL.—Set on well up, and should taper to a decided point; the straighter it is, the better. It should be carried low, and the action should be free.

COAT.—Fairly dense, and not too soft.

COLOR.—Liver and white, black and white, orange and white, whole black, or whole liver, this being the order of preference.

THE POMERANIAN.

ORIGIN.—Pomerania, on the Baltic Sea, is probably its home; it may, however, have come from the arctic regions, as it closely resembles the Samoyeds and Eskimo dogs.

USES.—A pet dog.

* SCALE OF POINTS.

Value. Head 10 Muzzle 5 Ears and eyes 5 Shoulders 5 Chest 5 Loins 10 Legs 10 Feet 10 Coat 15 Color 15 Tail 5 Symmetry 5 --- Total 100

HEAD.—Resembles greatly that of collie, being even more tapering and fox-like; a slight furrow down middle of forehead, and more brow than in that dog; very prominent occiput; muzzle collie-like; nose black at tip, even in perfectly white specimens; also a slight tendency in upper teeth to be overshot.

EARS AND EYES.—Ears perfectly pricked, small, and neat in shape. Eyes large, dark brown, and set obliquely, close together.

SHOULDERS.—Oblique.

CHEST.—Generally round, with back ribs shallow.

LOINS.—Frequently defective from shallow back ribs.

LEGS.—Straight, muscular, with elbows well let down; good, strong stifles; clean hocks.

FEET.—Small, round, cat-like; thin, and unfit for road-work.

COAT.—Like very coarse fur, with under coat furry also; face is bare of hair.

COLOR.—Jet black without white; pure white is allowable, also red.

TAIL.—Carried over back on one side (left); heavily feathered.

SYMMETRY.—Of the spitz style.

WEIGHT.—Limit, 20 pounds; 7 pounds preferred.

THE POODLE (BLACK, CURLY-COATED).

ORIGIN.—There is little doubt but that the poodle of to-day finds its origin in the old “water-dog” of France, where it was not only used for retrieving wounded water-fowl, but for swimming-contests, when the hind parts were clipped or shaven in order to give freer action to the legs.

USES.—A very bright, intelligent companion, and a good retriever.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Head, muzzle, and eyes 20 Neck and chest 5 Back and loins 10 Legs and feet 15 Stern 5 Coat 20 Color 10 Symmetry 15 --- Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Strong, active, intelligent, cobby in build, and perfectly coated with close curls or long “cords.”

HEAD.—Long; skull large, wide between the eyes, slight peak; parts over eyes well arched; the whole covered with curls or cords. Muzzle long (not snipy), slightly tapering, not too deep; stop well defined. Teeth level and strong; black roof of mouth preferable. Eyes medium size, dark, bright, and set at right angles with the line of face. Nose large, perfectly black; wide-open nostrils. Ears very long, close to cheek, low set, and well covered with ringlets or curls.

NECK.—Very strong, admitting head to be carried high.

CHEST.—Fairly deep, but not too wide, well covered with muscles.

LEGS.—Fore legs perfectly straight, and not so long as to be leggy; hind legs muscular, well bent, with hocks low down.

FEET.—Strong, slightly spread, standing well on toes; nails black; pads large and hard.

BACK.—Fair length; well-ribbed-up body; loins strong and muscular.

TAIL.—Carried at angle of 45 degrees, with long ringlets or cords. Preferable length, 3 to 5 inches.

COAT.—If corded, cords should be thick and strong, hanging in long, ropy cords. If curly, the curls close, thick, and of silky texture.

WEIGHT.—From 40 to 60 pounds.

Only three colors are admitted, black, white, and red, and they should be without mixture.

THE POODLE (BLACK, CORDED).

For origin, uses, scale of points, etc., see The Poodle (Black, Curly-coated).

THE POODLE (WHITE-AND-RED).

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Same as the black poodle, _except_:

EYES.—Yellow or light blue, free from black rims around eyelids.

NOSE.—Red or liver color.

NAILS.—Red or pink.

BACK.—Spots on back should be red or liver, and the entire body free from black ticks.

THE PUG (FAWN).

ORIGIN.—It is generally conceded that this breed is a cross between the fawn-colored, smooth English terrier and the jet-black Chinese terrier. Vero Shaw _et al._ concede this point.

USES.—Purely a pet dog, with a fair amount of intelligence.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Symmetry 10 Size 5 Condition 5 Body 10 Legs and feet 10 Head 5 Muzzle 5 Ears 5 Eyes 10 Mask 5 Wrinkles 5 Tail 5 Trace 5 Coat 5 Color 5 Carriage 5 --- Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Square and cobby.

SIZE AND CONDITION.—The weight is from 12 to 15 pounds, and the dog should be shown with bones well covered and muscles well developed.

BODY.—Short and cobby; chest wide; ribs well sprung.

LEGS.—Strong, straight, of moderate length, and well under body.

FEET.—Between style of cat- and harefoot, well-split-up toes, and _black nails_.

MUZZLE.—Short, square, blunt, but not upturned.

HEAD.—Large, round, _not apple-headed_, with _no_ indentation of the skull. Eyes dark, very large, bold and prominent, soft and solicitous in expression, lustrous, and when excited full of fire. Ears thin, small, and soft. The button-ear is preferred to the rose-ear.

MARKINGS.—Clearly defined: the muzzle or mask, ears, moles on cheeks, thumb-marks or diamond on forehead, and back trace should be as black as possible.

MASK.—Black; the more defined, the better.

WRINKLES.—Deep and large.

TAIL.—Curled lightly as possible over hip. The double curl is perfection.

COAT.—Fine, smooth, soft, short, glossy, _neither hard nor woolly_.

COLOR.—Silver or apricot fawn. Each should be very decided, so as to make a contrast between color and trace.

DEFECTS.—Long-legged or short-legged.

THE PUG (BLACK).

ORIGIN.—Beyond question a dog of Chinese origin, as Lady Brassey brought several specimens from there to London, and other travelers have seen them there.

USES.—A pet dog only.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Same in all respects as for the fawn pug, excepting that the coat should be pure black and entirely free from white.

THE RETRIEVER (BLACK, CURLY-COATED).

ORIGIN.—The breed is about fifty years old, and probably is a cross of the old English or Irish water-spaniel with setter, collie, or Newfoundland.

USES.—Retrieving wounded game and birds.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Skull 10 Nose and jaws 10 Ears and eyes 5 Neck 5 Loins and back 10 Quarters and stifles 5 Shoulders 6 Chest 4 Legs, knees, and hocks 5 Feet 5 Tail 5 Texture of coat and bareness of face 15 Color 5 Symmetry and temperament 10 --- Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—A strong, smart dog, moderately low on leg, active, lively, and intelligent.

HEAD.—Long and narrow for length. Ears rather small, set low, carried close to head, covered with short curls. Jaws long, strong, free from lippiness. Nose black, with wide-open nostrils. Eyes dark, rather large, showing good temper. Pug eye objectionable.

COAT.—A mass of short, crisp curls from occiput to point of tail; a saddleback or patch of uncurled hair behind shoulders.

COLOR.—Black or liver; a white patch on chest penalizing.

NECK.—Long, graceful, muscular, free from throatiness.

SHOULDERS.—_Very_ deep, muscular, obliquely placed; chest not too wide, but deep; body rather short, well ribbed, and muscular.

LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs straight, bone plenty; not too long, well set under body. Feet round, compact; toes well arched.

LOINS.—Powerful and deep.

TAIL.—Carried pretty straight, and covered with short curls.

WEIGHT.—Dogs, 55 to 68 pounds; bitches, 5 pounds less.

THE RETRIEVER (BLACK, FLAT- OR WAVY-COATED).

ORIGIN AND USES same as the black, curly-coated variety.

SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Skull 10 Nose and jaws 10 Ears and eyes 5 Neck 5 Loins and back 10 Quarters and stifles 10 Shoulders 6 Chest 4 Legs, knees, and hocks 10 Feet 5 Tail 5 Coat 5 Color 5 Symmetry and temperament 10 --- Total 100

HEAD.—Bone at top wide and flat, with furrow down middle; brows not pronounced. Ears small, set low, carried close to head (not hound-like), covered with short hair. Eyes medium size, dark, mild, and intelligent. Nose wide; nostrils open. Jaws strong and long. Teeth level.

NECK.—Long enough to allow dog to stoop when trailing; loins and back wide, deep, and strong.

QUARTERS AND STIFLES.—Muscular quarters, with nicely turned stifles.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders long, sloping; chest deep and broad; ribs well sprung.

LEGS AND FEET.—Legs strong, long, and muscular, clean, and free from lumber; knees broad; hocks well developed and clean. Feet rather large, compact, with well-arched toes; soles thick and strong.

TAIL.—Bushy (not feathery); carried gaily, but not over back.

COAT.—Not so short as the pointer’s, close, thick, and straight as possible.

COLOR.—Rich black, free from rustiness and white.

SYMMETRY.—Highly valued, likewise evidence of good temper.

WEIGHT.—Dogs, 50 to 70 pounds; bitches smaller.

THE ST. BERNARD (ROUGH-COATED).

ORIGIN.—This is a point of great uncertainty, as the monks of St. Bernard are utterly unable to throw any light on the subject. According to tradition, however, the race sprang from a cross of a bitch of Denmark of the bulldog species, and the mastiff (shepherd-dog) of the Pyrenees. The size comes from the Denmark dog, and the sense of smell from the mastiff. The St. Bernard was first imported into England in 1815.

USES.—An invaluable house-dog, guardian, and companion. Used on the Swiss mountains by the monks to find and succor lost travelers.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Head, ears, and eyes 25 Expression and character 15 Neck, shoulders, and chest 10 Body 15 Stern 5 Legs and feet 10 Coat 10 Color and markings 10 --- Total 100

HEAD.—Large, massive, the circumference twice the length; short from stop to tip of nose; full below eye; square muzzle; great depth from eye to lower jaw. Lips deep, not too pendulous. Stop abrupt, well defined, and straight to end of nose. Skull broad, rounded at top, _not_ domed; prominent brow. Ears medium size, close to cheek, strong at base, heavily feathered. Eyes rather small, deep set, dark, not too close together; lower eyelid drooping, showing haw. Nose large, black; well-developed nostrils. Teeth level.

EXPRESSION.—Denoting benevolence, dignity, and intelligence.

NECK.—Lengthy, muscular, slightly arched; dewlap developed.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders broad, sloping; chest wide and deep.

BODY.—Level back, slightly arched over loins; ribs well rounded; loins wide and muscular.

TAIL.—Set on rather high; long, bushy; carried low in repose, slightly above _line_ of back when in motion.

LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs perfectly straight, strong. Hind legs heavy in bone, well bent at hocks; thighs muscular. Feet compact and large; well-arched toes.

SIZE.—Dogs, 30 inches at shoulder; bitches, 27 inches (the taller, the better, if proportioned well). General outline suggests great power and endurance.

COAT.—Dense, flat, rather full around neck; thighs not too heavily feathered.

COLOR AND MARKINGS.—Red, orange, various shades of brindle, or white with patches of above colors. Markings should be: white muzzle and blaze on face, collar around neck; white on chest, fore legs, feet, and end of tail; black shadings on face and ears. If blaze be wide, running through collar, a spot of body-color should be on top of head.

DISQUALIFYING POINTS.—Dudley, liver-colored nose; fawn if whole-colored or with black shadings only; black, black and tan, black and white, black, tan, and white, and all white, though an all white has taken high honors under one of our best judges.

THE ST. BERNARD (SMOOTH-COATED).

ORIGIN, USES, AND * SCALE OF POINTS are the same as the rough-coated variety, with the exception of the coat, which should be very dense, broken-haired, lying smooth, tough without being rough to the touch, with thighs slightly bushy.

The tail at root is covered with longer and denser hair than on body, the hair gradually growing shorter at the tip; the tail is bushy, but has no feather.

THE SCHIPPERKE.

ORIGIN.—Wholly Dutch, but how far back it dates is unknown.

USES.—The canal-boatmen in Holland use this “little beggar” as a guard against intruders, as well as to advise the captain of an approaching boat. It will kill rats, swims like a duck, and as a companion is not surpassed.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.