Part 5

HEAD.—Moderately long, massive, with depth in proportion; skull broad, and forehead prominent. Eyes hazel, fairly large, and languishing, not showing haw overmuch. Ears thick, fairly large, lobe-shaped; set moderately low, but relatively not so low as in black or other spaniels; carried close to head, and furnished with wavy hair.

NECK.—Muscular, and slightly arched.

BODY.—Long, with well-sprung ribs; fair depth behind shoulders.

NOSE.—Liver color; muzzle large and square; lips somewhat pendulous; nostrils well developed.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders oblique; chest deep and wide.

BACK AND LOINS.—Back level and long; loins broad.

HIND QUARTERS.—Strong; thighs muscular, and hocks low down.

STERN.—Docked from 5 to 8 inches; set low; not carried above level of back.

LEGS AND FEET.—Legs short and strong; immense bone, and a slight bend in forearm. Feet large, round, and moderately well feathered, with short hair between toes.

COAT.—Body-coat abundant; flat or slightly waved, with no tendency to curl; moderately well feathered on legs and stern, but clean below hocks.

COLOR.—Dark golden liver; not a light ginger or snuff color, but of a rich bronze tinge, not puce.

WEIGHT.—From 35 to 45 pounds.

SPANIELS (TOY)—BLENHEIM, KING CHARLES, PRINCE CHARLES, AND RUBY.

ORIGIN.—Shrouded in mystery. The King Charles spaniel derives its name from the second monarch of that name, and the Blenheim from the family seat of the Duke of Marlborough. The colors were originally black, tan, and white for the first breed, and orange or red and white for the second.

USES.—Essentially pet dogs, though at one time the Blenheim was used for hunting birds.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

_King Charles, Prince Charles, and Ruby._

Value. Symmetry, condition, and size 20 Head 15 Stop 5 Muzzle 10 Eyes 10 Ears 15 Coat and feathering 15 Color 10 --- Total 100

_Blenheim._

Value. Symmetry, condition, and size 20 Head 15 Stop 5 Muzzle 10 Eyes 5 Ears 10 Coat and feathering 15 Color and markings 15 Spot 5 --- Total 100

HEAD.—Well domed, and in good specimens absolutely semi-globular, sometimes even extending beyond the half-circle, and absolutely projecting over eyes, so as nearly to meet upturned nose.

EYES.—Set wide apart, with eyelids square to line of face, not oblique or fox-like; large, lustrous, very dark in color, so as to be generally considered black; their enormous pupils, which are absolutely of that color, increasing the description.

STOP.—Well marked as in bulldog, or even more so, some good specimens exhibiting a hollow deep enough to bury a small marble.

NOSE.—Short, well turned up, without any indication of artificial displacement; color of end black, and both deep and wide, with open nostrils.

JAW.—Lower jaw wide, leaving plenty of space for tongue and for attachment of lower lips, which should completely conceal teeth; also turned up or “finished,” so as to allow of its meeting end of upper jaw, turned up in a similar way.

EARS.—Long, so as to approach the ground; in an average-sized dog they measure 20 inches from tip to tip, and some reach 22 inches; set low on head; heavily feathered. In this respect the King Charles is expected to exceed the Blenheim, and his ears occasionally extend to 24 inches.

SIZE.—The most desirable size is about 10 pounds.

SHAPE.—In compactness of shape these spaniels almost rival the pug, being decidedly cobby, with strong, stout legs, broad back, and wide chest.

COAT.—Long, silky, soft, and wavy, but not curly. In the Blenheim there should be a profuse mane, extending well down in front of chest. Feather well displayed on ears and feet, where it is so long as to give appearance of their being webbed; also carried well up the backs of the legs. In the King Charles, feather on ears is very long and profuse, exceeding that of Blenheim by an inch or more. The feather on tail (which is about 3½ or 4 inches) should be silky, and from 5 to 6 inches in length, constituting a marked flag of a square shape, and not carried above level of back.

COLOR.—Varies with the breed. The King Charles is a rich, glossy black and deep tan, _without white_; tan spots over eyes and on cheeks, and the usual markings on legs, are also required. The Blenheim must on no account be whole-colored, but have a ground of pure, pearly white, with bright, rich chestnut or ruby-red markings evenly distributed in large patches; ears and cheeks red; a blaze of white extending from nose up to forehead, and ending between ears in a crescentic curve; in center of this blaze there should be a clear spot of red, size of a sixpence. The tricolor, or Charles the First spaniel, should have the tan of the King Charles, with markings like Blenheim, in black instead of red, on a pearly white ground; ears and under the tail should also be lined with tan. The tricolor has no spot, that beauty being peculiarly the property of the Blenheim.

The only name by which the tricolor, or black, white, and tan, in future shall be recognized, is Prince Charles.

That in future the all-red toy spaniel be known by name of Ruby spaniel; the color of nose to be black. The points of the Ruby to be same as those of King Charles, differing only in color.

Black-and-tan spaniels with markings of white shall be entered in Prince Charles class, and red spaniels with white markings must go into Blenheim class.

THE TERRIER (AIREDALE).

ORIGIN.—Probably a cross of otter-hound and some of the large breed of terriers. Most numerously found in the valley of the Aire and about Bradford, England.

USES.—A gamy vermin-dog.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Head 20 Ears 8 Neck, shoulders, and chest 12 Back and loins 15 Hind quarters and stern 5 Legs and feet 15 Coat and color 20 Weight 5 --- Total 100

HEAD.—Skull flat, moderately narrow, tapering slightly to eyes, free from wrinkle. No perceptible stop or indentation between skull and muzzle, except in profile. Jaw long and powerful, free from flews, rather deep, and moderately square at end. Nose black; nostrils large. Mouth level; teeth large and sound. Eyes small, bright, dark in color, with terrier expression. Ears V-shaped, moderate in size and thickness; carried forward as in a fox-terrier; free from long, silky hair.

NECK.—Fair length, gradually widening to shoulders; well carried; free from throatiness.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders fine, long, and sloping; chest deep, muscular, but neither full nor wide.

BACK AND LOINS.—Back short, straight, and strong; ribs well sprung and rounded; loins broad and powerful, and well ribbed up.

HIND QUARTERS.—Strong, powerful, thick through hams; good muscular second thighs, and stifles fairly bent; no tendency to cow-hocks.

STERN.—Stout and docked; set on rather high, but not raised to a right angle with back.

LEGS AND FEET.—Legs straight and well furnished with bone. Feet round and close, with a good thick sole.

COAT.—Rough or broken; dense and wiry in texture; free from lock or curl.

COLOR.—Dark grizzle back from occiput to end of tail, extending also down sides of body, with dark markings on side of skull; rest of body a good tan, darker on ears than elsewhere.

WEIGHT.—Dogs, 40 to 45 pounds; bitches, 35 to 40 pounds.

DISQUALIFICATIONS.—A Dudley nose; white on throat, face, or feet; white on any other part of body objectionable; a thoroughly bad mouth, i.e., minus a number of teeth, and others cankered; undershot; partial blindness objectionable.

THE TERRIER (BEDLINGTON).

ORIGIN.—Supposed both by conformation and color to have sprung from the Dandie Dinmont and otter-hound. The breed is _not_ an old one, by any means.

USES.—A gamy vermin-dog.

* No scale of points adopted.

HEAD.—Skull narrow, deep, and rounded, high at occiput; covered with silky tuft or topknot. Jaw long, tapering, sharp, and muscular; little or no stop; lips close-fitting, and no flew. Eyes small and deep set. The blues should have dark eyes; blue and tans, dark, with amber shade; livers, sandies, etc., light brown. Nose small. Blues, and blue and tans, have black noses; livers and sandies, flesh-colored. Teeth level. Ears moderately large, filbert-shaped; carried well forward; flat to cheek; thinly covered, and tipped with fine, silky hair.

LEGS.—Of moderate length, not wide apart, straight, with good-sized, rather long foot.

TAIL.—Thick at root, tapering; slightly feathered; 9 to 11 inches long, and scimitar-shaped.

NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck long, deep at base, and rising well from shoulders, which should be flat.

BODY.—Long, flat-ribbed, deep, not wide in chest; slightly arched back, well ribbed; light quarters.

COAT.—Hard, with close bottom, and not lying flat to sides.

COLOR.—Dark blue, blue and tan, liver, liver and tan, sandy, and sandy and tan.

HEIGHT.—Fifteen to sixteen inches.

WEIGHT.—Fifteen to twenty-five pounds.

THE TERRIER (BLACK-AND-TAN).

ORIGIN.—This breed was until very recently known as the Manchester (England) terrier, and was probably brought into existence by the operatives of that city.

USES.—A gamy vermin-dog, and a nice companion.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Head 20 Eyes 10 Ears 5 Legs 10 Feet 10 Body 10 Tail 5 Color and markings 15 General appearance (including terrier quality) 15 --- Total 100

HEAD.—Long, almost flat, narrow, level, and wedge-shaped, without showing cheek muscles; well filled up under eyes; tapering, tightly lipped jaws; level teeth. Ears, if cropped, must stand perfectly erect; if uncropped, small, thin, and V-shaped, hanging close to head above eyes. Eyes very small, sparkling, and dark, set fairly close together, and oblong in shape. Nose perfectly black.

NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck fairly long, tapering from shoulders to head, free from throatiness, slightly arched; shoulders sloping.

CHEST.—Narrow but deep.

BODY.—Moderately short; powerful loins; ribs well sprung; back slightly arched at loins, falling again at joining of tail to same height as the shoulders.

LEGS.—Perfectly straight, set well under body, fair length.

FEET.—More inclined to be cat- than hare-footed; black toe-nails.

TAIL.—Moderately short, thick where it joins body, tapering to a point, not carried higher than the back.

COAT.—Close, smooth, short, and glossy, not soft.

COLOR.—Black and mahogany tan, distributed distinctly over body. On head, tan to the nose; nasal bone jet black; bright spot on each cheek and above each eye. Under jaw and throat are tan; hair inside ear of same color. Fore legs tan to knee, with black lines up each toe and black mark above the foot. Inside hind legs tan, divided with black at hock-joint. Under tail tan, and each side of chest is tanned slightly.

THE TERRIER (BOSTON).

ORIGIN.—The parents of this breed were Hooper’s Judge (a cross from an English bulldog and an English terrier) and Burnett’s Gyp, “a white bitch.” The American Kennel Club has now recognized this as a distinct breed. The origin as given dates back to about 1870.

USES.—Purely a toy dog, of very affectionate disposition and equable temper.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Skull 12½ Ears 5 Eyes 5 Stop 2½ Muzzle 12½ Neck 5 Body 15 Elbows 2½ Fore legs 4 Hind legs 4 Feet 2 Tail 10 Color 7 Coat 3 General appearance 10 --- Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—The general appearance is that of a smooth, short-coated, compactly built dog of moderately low stature. The head should indicate a high degree of intelligence and be in proportion to the dog’s size; body rather short and well knit; limbs strong and finely turned; no feature being so prominent that the dog appears badly proportioned; all conveying an impression of determination, strength, and activity. Style of a high order, and carriage easy and graceful.

HEAD.—Skull large, broad, and flat, without prominent cheeks, and forehead free from wrinkles. Stop well defined, but indenture not too deep. Eyes wide apart, large and round, neither sunken nor too prominent; color dark and soft. The outside corner should be on a line with cheeks as viewed from the front. Ears small and thin, situated as near corners of skull as possible; rose-ear preferable. Muzzle moderately short, wide, and deep (without wrinkles). Nose black and wide, with a well-defined straight line between nostrils. Jaws broad, square, and even, with short, strong teeth; chops wide and deep, not pendulous, completely covering teeth when mouth is closed.

NECK.—Rather short and thick (without loose skin), and quite well arched.

BODY.—Set moderately low, deep and quite broad at chest, well ribbed up; back quite short, not roached; loins and quarters strong.

ELBOWS.—Set quite low, standing neither in nor out.

FORE LEGS.—Rather wide apart, straight, and well muscled.

HIND LEGS.—Rather straight; quite long from stifle to hock (which should turn neither in nor out); short and straight from hock to pastern. Thighs well muscled. Hocks not too prominent.

FEET.—Small, nearly round, and turned a trifle outward; toes compact and arched.

TAIL.—Moderate in length, set on low, with a moderate downward carriage, fine and tapering, devoid of fringe or coarse hair.

COLOR.—Any color except black, mouse, or liver; brindle and white evenly marked, and whole brindle, are colors most preferred.

COAT.—Fine in texture, short, bright, and not too hard.

WEIGHT.—Light-weight class, 15 to 25 pounds; heavy-weight class, 25 to 35 pounds.

DISQUALIFICATION.—Docked tail.

THE TERRIER (BULL).

ORIGIN.—This is admittedly a cross between the bulldog and the English terrier.

USES.—Formerly as a fighting dog. Present uses are for vermin, and as a companion it has _no superior_, being kind, gentle, and exceedingly honest and loyal.

* THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE HEAD, BODY, ETC.

SCALE OF POINTS BY RAWDON B. LEE.

Value. Head, including skull, muzzle, lips, jaws, and teeth 25 Eyes 10 Ears (badly cropped or otherwise) 5 Neck and shoulders 15 Back 10 Legs and feet 15 Coat 10 Stern 10 --- Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—The general appearance of the bull-terrier is that of a symmetrical animal, an embodiment of agility, grace, elegance, determination, and good nature.

HEAD.—Long, flat, and wide between ears, tapering to the nose, without cheek muscles; slight indentation down face, without a stop. Jaws long and very powerful; large black nose, and open nostrils. Eyes small and very black. Lips should meet as tightly as possible, without a fold. Teeth regular in shape, _and meet exactly_, any deviation being a great fault. Ears always cropped for the show-bench, and should be done scientifically and according to fashion.

NECK.—Long, slightly arched, nicely set into shoulders, tapering to head, without any loose skin.

BODY.—Shoulders strong, muscular, slanting; chest wide and deep; ribs well rounded.

BACK.—Short, muscular, but not out of proportion.

LEGS.—Fore legs perfectly straight, well-developed muscles; not “out at shoulder,” but set on racing lines; very strong at pasterns. Hind legs long, muscular, with good, strong, straight hocks, well let down.

FEET.—Resembling those of the hare.

COLOR.—White.

COAT.—Short, close, stiff to the touch, with fine gloss.

TAIL.—From 10 to 12 inches long, set on very low; thick where it joins the body, tapering to a fine point; carried at an angle of about 45 degrees, without curl, and never over the back.

WEIGHT.—About 30 pounds.

THE TERRIER (CLYDESDALE OR PAISLEY).

ORIGIN.—Both are often considered as one breed, and supposed to be of Skye extraction.

USES.—A vermin-dog, but better as a pet.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Head 15 Ears 10 Body 15 Coat 20 Color 10 Tail 10 Legs and feet 5 Style and general appearance 15 --- Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE AND STYLE.—The general appearance is that of a long, low dog with plenty of style, having a rather large head in proportion to its size, and with a coat that looks like silk or spun glass.

HEAD.—Skull slightly domed, very narrow between ears, gradually widening toward eyes, and tapering very slightly to nose; covered with long, silky hair, perfectly straight, without curl or waviness, and extending well beyond nose, plentiful on sides of head, joined by that from the ears, giving head a very large and rather heavy appearance. Muzzle very deep and powerful, tapering very slightly to nose, which should be large and well spread over the muzzle, always black. Jaws strong; teeth perfectly level. Eyes rather wide apart, large, round, moderately full, but not prominent; brown, and expressive of great intelligence.

EARS.—This is a most important point. They should be as small as possible, set on high, carried perfectly erect, covered with long, silky hair, which should hang in a beautiful fringe down side of head, joining that on jaws. (Well-carried, finely fringed ears are one of the greatest points of beauty.)

NECK.—Rather long, very muscular, well set into the shoulders, covered with same class of hair as the body.

BODY.—Very long, deep in chest, well ribbed up; back perfectly level.

COAT.—Very long, perfectly straight, free from curl or waviness; very glossy and silky in texture (not linty), and without any pily under coat.

COLOR.—Dark blue to light fawn, the various shades of blue—dark blue for preference, but without any approach to blackness or sootiness. Color of head, beautiful silvery blue, which gets darker on ears; the back, various shades of dark blue, inclining to silver on lower parts of body and legs. Tail is generally the same shade or a little darker than the back.

TAIL.—Perfectly straight, not too long, carried almost level with back; nicely fringed or feathered.

LEGS AND FEET.—Legs short and straight, well set under body, both legs and feet well covered with silky hair. (In a good specimen the legs are scarcely seen.)

THE TERRIER (DANDIE DINMONT).

ORIGIN.—Mentioned in 1800 by Davidson as springing from Tarr, reddish and wire-haired (a bitch), and Pepper (shaggy and light), which shows true terrier blood.

USES.—An essentially vermin-dog, “dead game;” and when a fox, otter, etc., is to be bolted it is unsurpassed. It is a curious fact that when unearthing its game it generally does its fighting on its _back_, tearing and scratching its opponent’s throat with tooth and nail.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value. Head 10 Eyes 5 Ears 5 Neck 5 Body 20 Tail 5 Legs and feet 10 Coat 15 Color 5 Size and weight 10 General appearance 10 --- Total 100

HEAD.—Strongly made and large, with muscles well developed; skull broad between ears, growing less toward eyes; forehead well domed. Head covered with soft, silky hair, not confined to a mere topknot. Cheeks have a gradual taper toward muzzle, which is deep and strong and about 3 inches in length. Muzzle covered with darker hair than topknot, the top part being generally bare for about 1 inch from back of nose, where it is about 1 inch broad. Nose and inside of mouth black or dark-colored. Teeth strong and very large, level in front, the upper ones overlapping the under ones. “Swine mouth” is objectionable, but not so much so as the bulldog mouth. Eyes wide apart, full, large, round, bright, full of determination, set low and prominent, and of a rich, dark hazel. Ears large, pendulous, set well back, wide apart, and low on skull, hanging close to cheek, tapering to a point, the tapering being mostly on the back part. They are covered with soft, straight brown hair (sometimes almost black), with a feather of light hair about 2 inches from tip. The feather does not show, sometimes, till the dog is 2 years old. Leather rather thin. Length of ear 3 to 4 inches.

NECK.—Very muscular and strong, and well set into shoulders.

BODY.—Long, strong, and flexible; ribs well sprung; chest deep; back rather low at shoulder; a slight, gradual droop from loins to root of tail.

TAIL.—Rather short (8 to 10 inches), covered on upper side with wiry hair, darker than on body; a feather of about 2 inches, getting shorter as it nears the tip; simitar-like, not curled nor twisted and when excited carried gaily above the level of the body.