Montreal, 1535-1914. Vol. 2. Under British Rule, 1760-1914

GREY NUNS--PROTESTANT ORPHAN ASYLUM--SISTERS OF PROVIDENCE--THE CHOLERA EPIDEMIC OF 1832--L’ASILE DE MONTREAL--MONTREAL LADIES BENEVOLENT SOCIETY--THE SHIP FEVER OF 1847--ST. PA...

ST. ANDREW’S SOCIETY--ORGANIZATION AND FIRST OFFICERS--JOINT PROCESSIONS OF NATIONAL SOCIETIES--EARLIEST CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES--THE HEALTH OF THE POPE--THE LORD ELGIN INCIDENT--...

FOREWORD--MARKED PROGRESS GENERAL--THE EMBRYONIC COSMOPOLIS--THE DEEPENING OF LAKE ST. PETER--FOUNDATION OF PHILANTHROPIES--LIVING CHEAP--THE MONTREAL DISPENSARY--RASCO’S HOTEL...

THE ROYAL INSTITUTION--JAMES M’GILL--CHARTER OBTAINED--THE “MONTREAL MEDICAL INSTITUTE” SAVES M’GILL--NEW LIFE IN 1829--THE RECTOR OF MONTREAL--THE MERCHANTS’ COMMITTEE--M’GILL...

The early history of the first hospital in Montreal has been told in the first volume. To recapitulate its history to the beginning of the English régime. It started on the firs...

Some notes written about 1790 on the “state of religion” (Canadian Archives, Series Q, Volume XLX, page 343) help us to see the beginnings of the Anglican church in Montreal. Th...

THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, 1827--THE MECHANICS INSTITUTE, 1828--LA SOCIETE HISTORIQUE, 1856--CONFERENCE DES INSTITUTEURS, 1857--THE “INSTITUT CANADIEN”--CERCLE LITTERAIRE DE V...

THE METROPOLITAN ASPECT OF MONTREAL IN 1868--EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS--THE CITY STREET RAILWAY AIDS SUBURBAN EXTENSION--FORECAST OF ANNEXATIONS--THE CITY HOMOLOGATED PLAN--THE ANNE...

CONFEDERATION--IMPRESSIONS OF--FUNERAL OF D’ARCY M’GEE--PRINCE ARTHUR OF CONNAUGHT--THE SECOND FENIAN RAID--THE “SILVER” NUISANCE--ORGANIZATION OF CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILROAD--RUN...

EARLY CHAPELS AND CHURCHES--THE FIRST PARISH CHURCH--OTHER CHURCHES STANDING AT THE FALL OF MONTREAL--NOTRE DAME DE VICTOIRE--NOTRE DAME DE PITIE--THE “RECOLLET”--THE PRESENT NO...

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PORT OF MONTREAL--HERIOT’S DESCRIPTION IN 1815--T.S. BROWN IN 1818--THE ISLAND WHARF--THE CREEK--THE PRIMITIVE WHARVES--THE “POINTS”--THE RIVER FRONT--THE...

KINGSTON THE SEAT OF GOVERNMENT--THE RACE CRY RESUSCITATED--LAFONTAINE--RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT--MONTREAL ELECTIONS--RESTRICTION REMOVED ON FRENCH LANGUAGE IN PARLIAMENT--FREE TR...

1. FIRE FIGHTING--THE FIRE OF 1765--“THE CASE OF THE CANADIANS OF MONTREAL”--THE EXTENT OF THE FIRE--FIRE PRECAUTIONS SUGGESTED--OTHER HISTORICAL FORCES--THE MONTREAL FIRE FORCE...

EDUCATION AFTER THE REBELLION--THE EDUCATIONAL ACT OF 1846--THE PERSONNEL OF THE FIRST CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT COMMISSIONERS--NORMAL SCHOOLS--THE AMENDED SCHOOL ACT OF 1868-69--...

EARLY PUNISHMENTS--FIRST CASES OF THE MAGISTRATES--GEORGE THE “NAGRE”--“EXECUTION FOR MURDER”--OTHER CRIMES PUNISHED BY DEATH--SOLDIER DESERTIONS--A PUBLIC EXECUTION--THE JAILS-...

MONTREAL CENTER OF CANADIAN TRADE--LORD ELGIN’S OPINION OF THE CANADA CORN ACT--TRADE DEPRESSION BEGINNING IN 1847--SUGAR AND FLOUR INDUSTRIES--THE PANIC OF 1860--A PROSPEROUS D...

MONTREAL THE CENTRE OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION--THE FIRST RAILWAY--THE SNAKE RAIL AND THE “KITTEN”--“THE CHAMPLAIN AND THE ST. LAWRENCE”--THE SECOND RAILWAY, THE ATLANTIC AND ST....

I. BANKING: HAMILTON’S PLAN FOLLOWED BY THE FIRST BANK OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1791--1792, THE ATTEMPTED CANADA BANKING COMPANY AT MONTREAL--DELAY THROUGH AMERICAN WAR OF 1812--...

From a very early age of improvement in the art of navigation it must have become evident that water carriage was that which presented the cheapest and most easy mode of transpo...

EARLY EFFORTS TOWARDS MUNICIPAL HOME RULE--1786--1821--1828--THE FIRST MUNICIPAL CHARTER OF 1831--THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF MONTREAL--JACQUES VIGER FIRST MAYOR--THE RETURN...

ANCIENT ROADS--THE “GRAND VOYER”--GOOD ROADS MOVEMENT--THE EVOLUTION OF ROADS--“POST” MASTERS RECOGNIZED IN 1780--THE EARLY POSTAL SYSTEM OF MONTREAL AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN--BURL...

BRIGADIER GAGE, GOVERNOR OF MONTREAL--THE ADDRESS OF THE MILITIA AND MERCHANTS--GOVERNMENT BY THE MILITARY BUT NOT “MARTIAL LAW”--THE CUSTOM OF PARIS STILL PREVAILS--COURTS ESTA...

NEW MOVEMENT FOR BOYS--THE COLLEGE DE MONTREAL--THE BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION--THE FIRST ENGLISH SCHOOLMASTERS BEFORE 1790--A REPORT OF 1790 FOR THE SCHOOLS OF CANADA--THE...

THE “GAZETTE DU COMMERCE ET LITTERAIRE”--A RUNAWAY SLAVE--GUY CARLETON’S DEPARTURE--GENERAL HALDIMAND IN MONTREAL--MESPLET’S PAPER SUSPENDED--POET’S CORNER--THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBL...

THE GRIEVANCES OF THE SEIGNEURS--MONTREAL THE HEADQUARTERS--“EVERY INTRIGUE TO OUR DISADVANTAGE WILL BE HATCHED THERE”--PETITIONS--CARLETON’S FEAR OF A FRENCH INVASION--A SECRET...

RALPH BURTON, GOVERNOR OF MONTREAL, BECOMES MILITARY COMMANDANT--FRICTION AMONG MILITARY COMMANDERS--JUSTICES OF PEACE CREATED--FIRST QUARTER SESSIONS--MILITARY VERSUS CITIZENS-...

MONTREAL AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL POLITICS--CONFEDERATION TESTED--CARTIER AND THE PARTI ROUGE AT MONTREAL--ASSASSINATION OF THOMAS D’ARCY M’GEE--THE HUDSON’...

THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL TO REMAIN CROWN-APPOINTED--THE SIGNAL FOR REVOLT--FIRST INSURRECTIONARY MEETING AT ST. OURS--DR. WOLFRED NELSON--CONSTITUTIONAL MEETINGS--THE PARISHES--T...

“CANADA TRADE ACTS”--LORD DALHOUSIE BANQUETED AFTER BEING RECALLED--MOVEMENT TO JOIN MONTREAL AS A PORT TO UPPER CANADA--THE GOVERNOR ALLEGED TO BE A TOOL--EXECUTIVE COUNCIL--RI...

AMHERST’S LETTER REVIEWING EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE CAPITULATION--THE SURRENDER OF ARMS--THE REVIEW OF BRITISH TROOPS--THE DEPARTURE OF THE FRENCH TROOPS--END OF THE PECULATORS-...

THE DEFINITIVE TREATY OF PEACE--SECTION RELATING TO CANADA--CATHOLIC DISABILITIES AND THE PHRASE “AS FAR AS THE LAWS OF GREAT BRITAIN PERMIT”--THE TREATY RECEIVED WITH DELIGHT B...

MERCHANTS--NATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS ORIGINS--UP COUNTRY TRADE--EARLY NORTH WEST COMPANY--CHARLES GRANT’S REPORT--PASSES--MEMORIALS--GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES--RIVAL COMPANIES--THE...

THE QUEBEC ACT, A PRIMARY OCCASION OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION--MONTREAL BRITISH DISLOYAL--THE COFFEE HOUSE MEETING--WALKER AGAIN--MONTREAL DISAFFECTS QUEBEC--LOYALTY OF HABITANT...

GREAT STRIDES AT THE UNION--THE EARLY MARKET PLACES--THE BONSECOURS MARKET--OTHER MARKETS--PUBLIC PLACES--THE EARLY SQUARES--PRESENT PARKS--THE EARLY CEMETERIES--THE FIRST JEWIS...

THE CAUSES OF THE WAR OF 1812--THE CHESAPEAKE--JOHN HENRY--HOW THE NEWS OF INVASION WAS RECEIVED IN MONTREAL--THE MOBILIZATION--GENERAL HULL--THE MONTREAL MILITIA--FRENCH AND EN...

REOCCUPATION BY BRITISH--COURTS REESTABLISHED--CONGRESS’ SPECIAL OFFER TO CANADA--LAFAYETTE’S PROJECTED RAID--UNREST AGAIN--THE LOYALTY OF FRENCH CANADIANS AGAIN BEING TEMPTED--...

ETHAN ALLEN--HABITANTS’ AND CAUGHNAWAGANS’ LOYALTY TAMPERED WITH--PLAN TO OVERCOME MONTREAL--THE ATTACK--ALLEN CAPTURED--WALKER’S FARM HOUSE AT L’ASSOMPTION BURNED--WALKER TAKEN...

MONTREAL’S EARLY BUSINESS FIRMS--A PROPHECY AT BEGINNING OF NINETEENTH CENTURY--CULTIVATION OF HEMP--ST. PAUL STREET--SLAVES IN MONTREAL--DOCTORS AND DRUGS IN 1815--WHOLESALE FI...

On the 9th of May, 1793, Sir Alured Clarke in his speech from the throne was forced to make allusions to the first French revolution, which had been already four years in progre...

MONTREAL UNDER CONGRESS--GENERAL WOOSTER’S TROUBLES--MONEY AND PROVISIONS SCARCE--MILITARY RULE--GENERAL CONFUSION--THE CHATEAU DE RAMEZAY, AMERICAN HEADQUARTERS--THE COMMISSION...

EARLY STREET REGULATIONS--A PICTURE OF MONTREAL HOUSES IN 1795--FURTHER STREETS OPENED--A “CITY PLAN” MOVEMENT IN 1799--HOUSES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY--MAP OF...

Trade passed over almost bodily to the English. The records of the _Chambre de Milice de Montreal_ at present at Quebec reveal even in the civil disputes during the Interregnum...

REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT--MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS--FRENCH-CANADIANS AIM TO STRENGTHEN THEIR POLITICAL POWER--THE “COLONIAL” OFFICE AND THE BUREAUCRATIC CLASS VERSUS THE DEMOCRATIC RE...

Durham was wisely lenient with the political prisoners waiting for trial at Montreal, but his injudicious step in securing confessions, through an intermediary, from Doctor Nels...

THE ASSEMBLY AT LAST--MONTREAL REPRESENTATIVES--FRENCH AND ENGLISH USED--THE FRENCH REVOLUTION--MUTINY AT QUEBEC--THE DUKE OF KENT--INVASION FEARED FROM FRANCE--MONTREAL DISAFFE...

The history of “Montreal Under British Rule” is the “Tale of Two Cities”, of a dual civilization with two main racial origins, two mentalities, two main languages, and two main...

CONFEDERATION--IMPRESSIONS OF--FUNERAL OF D’ARCY M’GEE--PRINCE ARTHUR OF CONNAUGHT--THE SECOND FENIAN RAID--THE “SILVER” NUISANCE--ORGANIZATION OF CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILROAD--RUN...

FOREWORD--MARKED PROGRESS GENERAL--THE EMBRYONIC COSMOPOLIS--THE DEEPENING OF LAKE ST. PETER--FOUNDATION OF PHILANTHROPIES--LIVING CHEAP--THE MONTREAL DISPENSARY--RASCO’S HOTEL...

THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, 1827--THE MECHANICS INSTITUTE, 1828--LA SOCIETE HISTORIQUE, 1856--CONFERENCE DES INSTITUTEURS, 1857--THE “INSTITUT CANADIEN”--CERCLE LITTERAIRE DE V...

ST. ANDREW’S SOCIETY--ORGANIZATION AND FIRST OFFICERS--JOINT PROCESSIONS OF NATIONAL SOCIETIES--EARLIEST CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES--THE HEALTH OF THE POPE--THE LORD ELGIN INCIDENT--...

THE ROYAL WILLIAM FIRST OCEAN STEAMER AND PIONEER OF THE OCEAN LINERS--ITS CONNECTION WITH MONTREAL--MAIL SERVICE TO MONTREAL--THE GENOVA--- ARRIVAL IN MONTREAL IN 1853--DINNER...

THE DEFINITIVE TREATY OF PEACE--SECTION RELATING TO CANADA--CATHOLIC DISABILITIES AND THE PHRASE “AS FAR AS THE LAWS OF GREAT BRITAIN PERMIT”--THE TREATY RECEIVED WITH DELIGHT B...

I. BANKING: HAMILTON’S PLAN FOLLOWED BY THE FIRST BANK OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1791--1792, THE ATTEMPTED CANADA BANKING COMPANY AT MONTREAL--DELAY THROUGH AMERICAN WAR OF 1812--...

I THE EXODUS--“THE OLD ORDER CHANGETH, GIVING PLACE TO NEW.” II THE INTERREGNUM--MILITARY RULE. III THE TREATY OF PARIS--NEW CIVIL GOVERNMENT. IV CITY GOVERNMENT UNDER JUSTICES...

THE METROPOLITAN ASPECT OF MONTREAL IN 1868--EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS--THE CITY STREET RAILWAY AIDS SUBURBAN EXTENSION--FORECAST OF ANNEXATIONS--THE CITY HOMOLOGATED PLAN--THE ANNE...

ANCIENT ROADS--THE “GRAND VOYER”--GOOD ROADS MOVEMENT--THE EVOLUTION OF ROADS--“POST” MASTERS RECOGNIZED IN 1780--THE EARLY POSTAL SYSTEM OF MONTREAL AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN--BURL...

THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL TO REMAIN CROWN-APPOINTED--THE SIGNAL FOR REVOLT--FIRST INSURRECTIONARY MEETING. AT ST. OURS--DR. WOLFRED NELSON--CONSTITUTIONAL MEETINGS--THE PARISHES--...

EARLY EFFORTS TOWARDS MUNICIPAL HOME RULE--1786--1821--1828--THE FIRST MUNICIPAL CHARTER OF 1831--THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF MONTREAL--JACQUES VIGER FIRST MAYOR--THE RETURN...

THE ROYAL INSTITUTION--JAMES M’GILL--CHARTER OBTAINED--THE “MONTREAL MEDICAL INSTITUTE” SAVES M’GILL--NEW LIFE IN 1829--THE RECTOR OF MONTREAL--THE MERCHANTS’ COMMITTEE--M’GILL...

“CANADA TRADE ACTS”--LORD DALHOUSIE BANQUETED AFTER BEING RECALLED--MOVEMENT TO JOIN MONTREAL AS A PORT TO UPPER CANADA--THE GOVERNOR ALLEGED TO BE A TOOL--EXECUTIVE COUNCIL--RI...

MONTREAL CENTER OF CANADIAN TRADE--LORD ELGIN’S OPINION OF THE CANADA CORN ACT--TRADE DEPRESSION BEGINNING IN 1847--SUGAR AND FLOUR INDUSTRIES--THE PANIC OF 1860--A PROSPEROUS D...

MONTREAL THE CENTRE OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION--THE FIRST RAILWAY--THE SNAKE RAIL AND THE “KITTEN”--“THE CHAMPLAIN AND THE ST. LAWRENCE”--THE SECOND RAILWAY. THE ATLANTIC AND ST....

NEW MOVEMENT FOR BOYS--THE COLLEGE OF MONTREAL--THE BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION--THE FIRST ENGLISH SCHOOLMASTERS BEFORE 1790--A REPORT OF 1790 FOR THE SCHOOLS OF CANADA--THE...

KINGSTON THE SEAT OF GOVERNMENT--THE RACE CRY RESUSCITATED--LAFONTAINE--RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT--MONTREAL ELECTIONS--RESTRICTION REMOVED ON FRENCH LANGUAGE IN PARLIAMENT--FREE TR...

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PORT OF MONTREAL--HERIOT’S DESCRIPTION IN 1815--T.S. BROWN IN 1818--THE ISLAND WHARF--THE CREEK--THE PRIMITIVE WHARVES--THE “POINTS”--THE RIVER FRONT--THE...

THE “GAZETTE DU COMMERCE ET LITTERAIRE”--A RUNAWAY SLAVE--GUY CARLETON’S DEPARTURE--GENERAL HALDIMAND IN MONTREAL--MESPLET’S PAPER SUSPENDED--POET’S CORNER--THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBL...

MONTREAL AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL POLITICS--CONFEDERATION TESTED--CARTIER AND THE PARTI ROUGE AT MONTREAL--ASSASSINATION OF THOMAS D’ARCY M’GEE--THE HUDSON’...

1. FIRE FIGHTING--THE FIRE OF 1765--“THE CASE OF THE CANADIANS OF MONTREAL”--THE EXTENT OF THE FIRE--FIRE PRECAUTIONS SUGGESTED--OTHER HISTORICAL FORCES--THE MONTREAL FIRE FORCE...

XXIV THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. XXV OTHER RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. XXVI SCHOOL SYSTEM OF MONTREAL BEFORE THE CESSION. XXVII SCHOOL SYSTEM OF MONTREAL AFTER THE UNION. XXVIII UNIVERSIT...

EARLY PUNISHMENTS--FIRST CASES OF THE MAGISTRATES--GEORGE THE “NAGRE”--“EXECUTION FOR MURDER”--OTHER CRIMES PUNISHED BY DEATH--SOLDIER DESERTIONS--A PUBLIC EXECUTION--THE JAILS-...

BRIGADIER GAGE, GOVERNOR OF MONTREAL--THE ADDRESS OF THE MILITIA AND MERCHANTS--GOVERNMENT BY THE MILITARY BUT NOT “MARTIAL LAW”--THE CUSTOM OF PARIS STILL PREVAILS--COURTS ESTA...

REOCCUPATION BY BRITISH--COURTS REESTABLISHED--CONGRESS’ SPECIAL OFFER TO CANADA--LAFAYETTE’S PROJECTED RAID--UNREST AGAIN--THE LOYALTY OF FRENCH CANADIANS AGAIN BEING TEMPTED--...

THE QUEBEC ACT, A PRIMARY OCCASION OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION--MONTREAL BRITISH DISLOYAL--THE COFFEE HOUSE MEETING--WALKER AGAIN--MONTREAL DISAFFECTS QUEBEC--LOYALTY OF HABITANT...

REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT--MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS--FRENCH-CANADIANS AIM TO STRENGTHEN THEIR POLITICAL POWER--THE “COLONIAL” OFFICE AND THE BUREAUCRATIC CLASS VERSUS THE DEMOCRATIC RE...

MONTREAL UNDER CONGRESS--GENERAL WOOSTER’S TROUBLES--MONEY AND PROVISIONS SCARCE--MILITARY RULE--GENERAL CONFUSION--THE CHATEAU DE RAMEZAY, AMERICAN HEADQUARTERS--THE COMMISSION...

EARLY CHAPELS AND CHURCHES--THE FIRST PARISH CHURCH--OTHER CHURCHES STANDING AT THE FALL OF MONTREAL--NOTRE DAME DE VICTOIRE--- NOTRE DAME OF PITIE--THE “RECOLLET”--THE PRESENT...

AMHERST’S LETTER REVIEWING EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE CAPITULATION--THE SURRENDER OF ARMS--THE REVIEW OF BRITISH TROOPS--THE DEPARTURE OF THE FRENCH TROOPS--END OF THE PECULATORS-...

EDUCATION AFTER THE REBELLION--THE EDUCATIONAL ACT OF 1846--THE PERSONNEL OF THE FIRST CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT COMMISSIONERS--NORMAL SCHOOLS--THE AMENDED SCHOOL ACT OF 1868-69--...

I. CARE OF THE AGED, FOUNDLINGS AND INFANTS. II. RELIEF MOVEMENTS. III. SICK VISITATION AND NURSING BODIES. IV. MOVEMENTS FOR THE “UNFORTUNATES.” V. VOCATIONAL TRAINING FOR THE...

RALPH BURTON, GOVERNOR OF MONTREAL, BECOMES MILITARY COMMANDANT--FRICTION AMONG MILITARY COMMANDERS--JUSTICES OF PEACE CREATED--FIRST QUARTER SESSIONS--MILITARY VERSUS CITIZENS-...

MERCHANTS--NATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS ORIGINS--UP COUNTRY TRADE--EARLY COMPANIES--NORTH WEST COMPANY--CHARLES GRANT’S REPORT--PASSES--MEMORIALS--GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES--RIVAL COMP...

EARLY STREET REGULATIONS--A PICTURE OF MONTREAL HOUSES IN 1795--FURTHER STREETS OPENED--A “CITY PLAN” MOVEMENT IN 1799--HOUSES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY--MAP OF...

THE GRIEVANCES OF THE SEIGNEURS--MONTREAL THE HEADQUARTERS--“EVERY INTRIGUE TO OUR DISADVANTAGE WILL BE HATCHED THERE”--PETITIONS--CARLETON’S FEAR OF A FRENCH INVASION--A SECRET...

THE CAUSES OF THE WAR OF 1812--THE CHESAPEAKE--JOHN HENRY--HOW THE NEWS OF INVASION WAS RECEIVED IN MONTREAL--THE MOBILIZATION--GENERAL HULL--THE MONTREAL MILITIA--FRENCH AND EN...

ETHAN ALLEN--HABITANTS’ AND CAUGHNAWAGANS’ LOYALTY TAMPERED WITH--PLAN TO OVERCOME MONTREAL--THE ATTACK--ALLEN CAPTURED--WALKER’S FARM HOUSE AT L’ASSOMPTION BURNED--WALKER TAKEN...

THE ASSEMBLY AT LAST--MONTREAL REPRESENTATIVES--FRENCH AND ENGLISH USED--THE FRENCH REVOLUTION--MUTINY AT QUEBEC--THE DUKE OF KENT--INVASION FEARED FROM FRANCE--MONTREAL DISAFFE...

MONTREAL’S EARLY BUSINESS FIRMS--A PROPHECY AT BEGINNING OF NINETEENTH CENTURY--CULTIVATION OF HEMP--ST. PAUL STREET--SLAVES IN MONTREAL--DOCTORS AND DRUGS IN 1815--WHOLESALE FI...

GREAT STRIDES AT THE UNION--THE EARLY MARKET PLACES--THE BONSECOURS MARKET--OTHER MARKETS--PUBLIC PLACES--THE EARLY SQUARES--PRESENT PARKS--THE EARLY CEMETERIES--THE FIRST JEWIS...