CHAPTER XXXII

LAW AND ORDER

JAILS--POLICE SERVICES--COURTHOUSE--LAW OFFICERS

EARLY PUNISHMENTS--FIRST CASES OF THE MAGISTRATES--GEORGE THE “NAGRE”--“EXECUTION FOR MURDER”--OTHER CRIMES PUNISHED BY DEATH--SOLDIER DESERTIONS--A PUBLIC EXECUTION--THE JAILS--THE JAIL TAX TROUBLES--OBNOXIOUS TOASTS--THE NEW JAIL OF 1836--ITS POPULATIONS--THE NEW BORDEAUX PRISON--OTHER SUPPLEMENTARY PRISONS--THE EARLY POLICING OF MONTREAL--THE LOCAL POLICE FORCE OF 1815--THE POLICE FORCE AFTER THE REBELLION OF 1837-1838--POLICE CHIEFS--MODERN LAW COURTS AND JUDGES--THE HISTORY OF THE BAR--THE BAR ASSOCIATIONS OF MONTREAL--THE RECORDERS--THE ARCHIVES.

SUPPLEMENT--THE JUDGES OF THE HIGHER COURTS FROM 1764 TO 1914--THE SHERIFFS OF MONTREAL--THE PROTHONOTARIES--THE COURTHOUSE SITES--THE BATONNIERS.

The early execution of the law in Montreal under British rule has been indicated in the chapters on the military government which lasted until 1764, when the magistrates or justices of the peace ruled the city till nearly up to the Union. Their first case was one of battery and assault.

At the May meeting of 1765 the first felony case was adjudicated. A man and his wife and a negro had been stealing. The sentence of “William and Elinor March and George, the Nagre” is thus recorded: “They are to go back to the place of their confinement, the said William to be stripped to the waist and Elinor March to have her back only stripped, and the said George the Nagre and each tyed to the carttail and beginning at the jail or prison between the hours of 8 and 9 o’clock in the forenoon on Friday next, are to proceed along around by the Intendant’s and then go to Market Place and round by St. Francis Street and through the Parade to place begun at, during which round they are to receive twenty-five stripes each on the naked back, besides twenty-five each on the naked back when at the market place.”

Next month “George, the Nagre,” was up again for stealing two pieces of silk ribbon, the justices being John Dumas, Daniel Robertson and Isaac Todd. He was sentenced again to be flogged with a cat of nine tails on his march around at the carttail six times with ten stripes each.

At the sitting of the court for August 2, 1765, a French woman named Margaret Tourangeau was “Set for an hour in the stocks for stealing a piece of camblet.”

“It is remarkable,” quotes Borthwick (History and Gazetteer, page 17), “that in the records of courts of sessions for years after the conquest of the country as natural there are very few French names before the magistrates for those crimes for which punishment by whipping, the stocks or the pillory or branding on the hand was meted out. This shows how thoroughly they obeyed their curés to respect the laws and be faithful to their allegiance.”

In the Court of King’s Bench, September, 1781, is recorded the first murderer to be hanged in the history of this Province since the cession, William Blunt.

Being placed in the stocks with a paper label on the breast and “burning in the hand” were common forms of punishment during this period.

The latter punishment was thus inflicted: The prisoner was brought from the gaol into the courtroom, and made firm by an iron hand at the back of the dock, the palm part of his own hand being opened tightly. The red hot iron, sometimes ending either in a crown or some other device, was held ready by the common hangman, and the punishment was inflicted in the center of the palm. The instrument being ready, the prisoner is informed that the moment it touches his flesh he can repeat as fast as he can these words in French, “Vive le Roi” three times, and at the end of the third repetition, the punishment would cease, or the words “God Save the King” if he were an English prisoner.

Even in this short time the hot iron has hissed into the flesh, and made such a mark that all the waters of the St. Lawrence could not efface it. (Cf. Borthwick’s Gazetteer.)

The Montreal prisons of the past, especially before 1840, saw many sad men who were condemned to death for crimes not so punished today, as a glance at some of the principal events recorded in the Court of King’s and Queen’s Bench from 1812 to 1838 will show.

Cases of executions for (1) stealing, larceny, shop lifting, burglary, 20; (2) horsestealing, 10; (3) rape, 3; (4) highway robbery, 1; (5) sacrilege, 1; (6) forgery, 1.

After 1821, although the records give the sentence of hanging for the above crimes, we find that although it is often executed, yet there is frequent mention of “pardoned by the king,” “respited,” “transported (so many) years in prison,” “pillory,” and “lashes.” One burglar sentenced to be hanged is respited and sent for five years to Quebec! It is strange to find cases of murder and manslaughter punished thus: “Murder, to be burned in the hand;” “drowning a man, six months in jail and to be burned in the hand in open court.” One of those executed in 1813 for stealing a cow was B. Clement, a boy of thirteen and a half years of age.

In 1818, March term, L. Bourguignon, convicted of grand larceny and condemned to be hanged, “prays for the benefit of the clergy,” which being granted by the court, he is sentenced to two-years’ House of Correction.

Desertion or attempt at desertion among the soldiers stationed in the Montreal district was not uncommon in 1838, after the first curl revolt of 1837. Transportation for a term of fourteen, twenty-one years, or “for the period of his natural life” was the sentence meted out to the “felon” who was marked with a D for deserter. A few records of deserting will suffice:

Fifteenth of May, 1838: Fourteen soldiers, deserters, under sentence of transportation, sent to Mr. Waud, Jailor, under charge of officer of Thirty-fourth Regiment.

Eleventh July: Three soldiers sentenced to fourteen, twenty-one, and twenty-one years’ transportation by G.A. Wetherall, commanding officer of the Second Battalion, “The Royal.” Three for a term of “natural life”--the Seventy-first Regiment.

Fifth of August: Five soldiers of the Seventy-first Regiment, fourteen years.

Third of September: Two of the Fifteenth Regiment, fourteen and seven years. Three of the Seventy-first Regiment, fourteen years and all marked D.

In May, 1839, no less than twenty-four soldiers were committed at one time for desertion, by order of the town major; five were discharged, the remainder were transported. These belonged to the Eighty-fifth and Thirty-second Regiments.

It is not our purpose to record the gruesome punishments further. There are, however, living with us those who have heard from their fathers the days in the ’20s when hangings were conducted in public in the yard of the old jail close to the Champ de Mars. The following description is from a lady eyewitness still living in 1914:

“You know, Mr. Robert Watson, a flour inspector, and a fine gentleman, was shot dead in his own house by a man whose name I cannot recall. That was, I think, in the twenties. The man was arrested, tried and found guilty on circumstantial evidence, which was principally the fact that his boots corresponded to the footmarks found in the snow leading to Mr. Watson’s residence. At the same time there was a French-Canadian tried and sentenced to death for forgery, and sheep stealing, which were then capital offenses. I determined to see the hangings. I know you will think me queer, but I had a desire to go. Hangings were then conducted in public. I remember the crowd in the jail yard as well as if it was yesterday--men and women and girls like myself. The authorities had allowed as many as the yard would hold, but there were hundreds outside who could see nearly as well.

“The Irishman asked for three cheers for the Irish, and said, ‘Take off your hats for the Irishman.’ The people did as he asked. The Frenchman said he had sold his body to the students, and that he was ready to die like a man. He asked the women to come up that he might pull their ears off, for when he began to steal his mother never corrected him, and therefore he was on the scaffold. Then I fainted, the first and only time in my life. I was sorry I went.”

JAILS

The jail[1] used in the latter part of French régime and the early portion of English rule was situated on the site formerly known as the Crystal Block (now represented by the second building northwest of St. Lawrence Street), on Notre Dame Street. On the occupation of the British, the Jesuits’ residence, on Notre Dame Street, on the site facing what is now Jacques Cartier Square, was confiscated and in 1773 used as a jail as well as a courthouse. Not being designed for a jail, it is not surprising that the grand jury at the Court of King’s Bench held on the 2d of September, 1782, presented in their statement that the jail “is very insufficient for the purpose of a civil prison, is in a ruinous condition and is becoming a nuisance to the public and dangerous to the health and lives as well of the persons confined therein as others, his Majesty’s subjects. That it is insufficient for the purposes of a civil prison will appear on considering that there are but three small apartments into which are put prisoners of both sexes, and every denomination, whether for debt, breaches of the peace or the most flagrant crimes, and on the representation of the sheriff of the district to their honours, the judges of the court of common pleas, on the insufficiency of the prison, they have thought proper to order that executions should not issue against the persons of debtors who, by the laws of the Province, may become subject to imprisonment.”

In 1787 a committee of the legislative council was appointed by Lord Dorchester to investigate into the past administration of justice in the Province of Quebec. A committee of merchants of Montreal in a report to this commission, dated the 23d of June, 1787, stated in Article 8: “The want of a proper jail for the district has long been complained of, and at divers times has been represented by different grand juries, as well as at the courts of oyer and terminer and in the inferior courts of quarter sessions; but hitherto no remedy has been applied. The house which at present serves for a jail consists of four very small rooms in which are frequently confined promiscuously persons of different sexes and for very different degrees of crime. The unfortunate debtor cannot have a room to himself, nor can the malefactor, when preparing for the other world, be accommodated with a place of retirement to deprecate the wrath of the offended Deity. The insufficiency of the jail, in point of security, occasions a guard of soldiers to be kept in the lower part of it and even with that precaution many atrocious offenders have escaped, insomuch that the sheriff of the district has refused to confine debtors, unless the prosecutor offer to take upon himself the risk of an escape. The situation of this insufficient jail heightens the sufferings of the persons whom the law dooms to imprisonment, offends every passerby in the warm season and is a nuisance to the neighbourhood.”

The fire in 1803, which swept this portion of the city, partially destroyed the jail, and pending repairs a building was leased for a temporary jail. Still procrastination prevailed.

In 1804 the grand jury of Montreal made another presentment stating: “that the present gaol is only the ruins of the former one, which was burned, repaired and patched up in such a manner that the prisoners are sheltered from the inclemency of the weather, but by no means prevented from going out whenever they feel so inclined.” A report of the sheriff, Gray, shows that the same building had existed under the French rule, that it had then, as subsequently, suffered from fire and that although recently the sum of £615 had been expended on repairs it was still inadequate for the security of prisoners.

In 1805 an act was passed in the house of assembly by which commissioners were appointed to have a jail erected in Montreal and Quebec, the cost to be restricted to £9,000 currency in each case. It was high time. The act of 1805 was the result of these representations.

But a discussion arose at once concerning the ways and means of raising the funds. The bill as prepared embodied a proposal for the raising of funds through a tax on imports.[2] The merchants opposed this as directed against commerce and urged a land tax which the landholders in turn combatted. Petitions were sent by the merchants against the bill and they asked to plead at the bar of the house. This was refused and the bill in its original form passed the upper house unanimously. The bill became law. The merchants trading from London also intervened in a memorial protesting against the import tax. Altogether there was a strenuous fight. The feelings at Montreal rose high.

The Montreal Gazette of the period reported a meeting at Dillon’s tavern, Mr. Isaac Todd, a principal merchant, took the chair at a dinner and among others certain toasts were proposed which were thought by some members of the legislature to reflect on them, scandalously and libellously, and Mr. Todd and the printer of the Gazette were declared by the session of 1806 to have been guilty of a high breach of the privileges of the house. The sergeant-at-arms on attempting to make an arrest in Montreal found both of them absent, and the matter dropped. Some of the obnoxious toasts were as follows:

“Our representatives in the provincial parliament, who proposed a constitutional and proper mode of taxation for building gaols, and who opposed a tax on commerce for that purpose as contrary to the sound practice of the parent state;”

“May our representatives be actuated by a patriotic spirit for the good of the Province as dependent on the British Empire and be divested of local prejudices;”

“May the city of Montreal be enabled to support a new paper, though deprived of its natural and useful advantages, apparently for the benefit of an _individual_” (sic);

“May the commercial interest of this Province have its due influence on the administration of its government.” (Christie--“History of Canada,” p. 239.)

The next jail was finally built in 1808 adjoining the east side of the courthouse erected in 1800, but becoming too small a more suitable one was commenced in 1831 at the foot of St. Mary’s current on ground purchased from the heirs of Sir John Johnson. It was not taken possession of by the sheriff till 1836. It was not built on hygienic or practical lines and in 1852 the northeast wing had to be demolished. It soon became very much occupied by the rebels and political prisoners of 1837 and 1838.[3]

The former prison was occupied as a house of industry from 1836 to 1838, when it became the government barracks. In the summer of 1849 the old jail built like the courthouse on the site of the Jesuits’ estate was pulled down. The cornerstone was found with two plates, the first recording the laying of the foundation stone of the Jesuit residence in 1742 by M. Normand, superior of the seminary, and the other recording that of the prison by Peter Panet, Isaac Ogden, “_honorabiles judices_,” and Joseph Frobisher, _armiger_.

In 1870, the prison, opened in 1836, was already being found too small and its overcrowded state had been frequently protested against by many grand juries. The theoretic capacity for this prison was 225 persons. It managed to hold 552 at one time. In 1876 the women prisoners were removed. It continued to be used for its original purpose till lately when the new prison at Bordeaux was opened in 1912, the last contingent being transferred from the old prison in August, 1913.

The following is a table of the population of the prisoners in the old prison:

1836 Men and women 162 1846 Men and women 1,275 1856 Men and women 1,792 1866 Men and women 4,410 1876 Men and women 3,969 1886 Men only 2,156 1896 Men only 4,132 1906 Men only 3,130 1908 Men only 4,854 1909 Men only 4,287 1910 Men only 4,702 1911 Men only 5,344

In November, 1912, the transmigration to Bordeaux began and the congestion was relieved. The site of the new prison comprises a superficies of twenty arpents, and the buildings are eminently well fitted for their purpose, hygienic and spacious, with none of the faults so bitterly deplored in the old jails.

The supplementary prisons, in 1914, are the women’s jail at Fullum Street, established about 1876, under the “Good Shepherd” community, which has sections for Catholics and Protestants (four non-Catholics), the detention house for juvenile delinquents, in connection with the Juvenile Court, erected by the Juvenile Delinquent act of 1910, established March 12, 1912, the reformatory school at De Montigny Street undertaken by Brothers of St. Vincent de Paul, the boys’ farm reformatory at Shawbridge for Protestants, that for Catholic girls at the House of the “Good Shepherd” on Sherbrooke Street, and another for Protestants, commenced at St. Lambert’s about 1912. There is also for long terms of two years and over a large penitentiary under the Federal Government at St. Vincent de Paul.

THE POLICE FORCES

The policing or the control of law and order in general of Montreal dates back to the 27th of January, 1663, when Maisonneuve founded a voluntary association under the name of the “Police de la Sainte Famille de Jésus, Marie and Joseph,” which was divided into twenty companies of seven men each. In 1667 Maisonneuve organized a more formal police force under the direction of five important citizens who also acted as justices of the peace. In the early times it was also customary to choose two or more citizens in each district of the town to act as constables.

In 1815 the legislature authorized the organization of a local police force. It was composed of twenty-five to thirty men who carried a long baton painted blue, a lantern at their girdle, and a bell to summon assistance. At night the watchmen called out the hour and other, cheerful news such as “All’s well--past 1 o’clock and a starlit night.” When lamps were introduced it was their business to light them. They had multifarious duties, such as looking after the health regulations, the removal of snow, the quelling of riots, especially at elections, when frequently the military had to be called out to assist them. Even then a policeman’s lot was not a happy one, being also very inadequately remunerated.

After the troubles of 1837-8 the special council of the legislature of Lower Canada passed an ordinance to authorize the governor to name an inspector or a superintendent of police for the city of Montreal. This superintendent was similar in power to a justice of the peace. He had, in addition, the charge of the composition and the control of the police force, subject to the provincial secretary. The force consisted of thirty constables, paid by the government. They were supplemented by a special force from the police appointed by the governor and paid by the harbour commissioners. That the new police was badly needed, a picture from “Hochelaga Depicta,” written in 1839, makes clear. “The passions drawn forth by the rebellion have disturbed the repose of many, and military habits and pursuits have not only diverted them from their regular course of action, but have introduced a martial and unsettled spirit which has operated unfavourably upon a large portion of the community. It is to be regretted that many of the regular troops are from time to time seen reeling in the streets, to the interruption of that good order which their services are so efficient in promoting; and that intemperance has increased among the volunteers since they received pay.” (“Hochelaga Depicta,” p. 212.)

The police force was organized in consequence of an ordinance issued during the administration of the Earl of Durham on the 28th of June, 1838. It consisted of 102 privates, four mounted patrols, six sergeants and six corporals under the command of four officers, viz., Capt. Alexander Comeau and Lieutenant Worth for Division A, and Capt. William Brown and Lieut. William Suter for Division B. The expenses were borne by the civil home government and amounted “to at least six thousand pounds per annum.” (Cf. “Hochelaga Depicta.” 181.)

After the rebellion in the early days of Queen Victoria’s reign the office of superintendent was abolished and a “Fire Society” was established by the special council, with power to create a body of officers of the peace. The name suggests that protection against fire was more important those days than against other evils. The force consisted then of 102 men, four mounted patrols, six sergeants, six corporals under the command of four officers. The government supported this expense, which amounted annually to about six thousand pounds. In 1851, after the burning of the parliament house and the Gavazzi riots, the powers of the Fire Society passed into operation under the municipal authorities. The constables were increased to 100. The chief of police was Mr. Hayes. The central station was in the basement of Bonsecours Market and another post was the corner of Craig and Bleury streets. The police had not an enviable reputation. The pay was only 50 cents a day. Often recruits for the service were obtained from the prisoners. Drunkenness was charged to them so that a fine of 5 shillings was imposed on all who sold intoxicating liquors to any of the force.

In 1861 Guillaume Lamothe became chief of police and after some years’ agitation he succeeded in obtaining $1.00 a day pay for his men. Mr. Lamothe, alarmed at the growth of houses of prostitution at this period, suggested in his annual report of 1863 the license of a certain number so as to regulate the evil.[4] The recorder, De Montigny, supported this, but on the protest of the religious authorities of the town the innovation was discountenanced.

In 1870 the military were removed from the garrison and the records show an improvement in the morality of the town.

Since 1850 the chiefs of police have been: H. Jérémie, 1850; Thomas McGrath, 1851; E.O. Ermatinger, 1854; J.N. Hayes, 1854; Guillaume Lamothe, 1861; P.W.L. Penton, 1865; H. Paradis, 1879; G.A. Hughes, 1888; D. Legault, 1901; O. Campeau (November), 1905.

THE COURTS AND COURTHOUSE

The establishment of the higher courts has been treated in the chapters dealing with the constitutional growth of the city. It remains to indicate the present system as in vogue. Lawsuits in purely civil matters involving less than one hundred dollars and in which no future rights are involved, are settled by one of the three judges of the circuit court or in a few cases of minor importance by one of the City Recorders. The city recordership is an office peculiar to the Province of Quebec. It is attached to the City Hall and deals with minor offenses enforcing a part of the criminal law, enforcing payment of city licenses and is a court of appeal for assessment charges, actions for wages and civil cases not exceeding one hundred dollars, and minor cases of non-support and the duties of a domestic relations court. All cases dealing with children under sixteen years of age have been relegated to the recently established juvenile court.

Cases of litigation involving $100 or over are decided by one of the judges of the superior court, from whose decision an appeal may be made either to the court of review, which is practically the first court of appeal (composed of three judges of the superior court, other than the judge rendering the first decision), or to the court of king’s bench, consisting of five judges. There are now six judges of king’s bench, sixteen of the superior court, and four of the circuit court for the district of Montreal, which comprises the island of Montreal and the counties of Laval, Soulanges, La Prairie, Chambly and Verchères. The court of king’s bench is composed of six judges, one of whom is the chief justice of the Province of Quebec and five of whom hear appeals in civil and criminal matters for the Province for two weeks every month in the cities of Montreal and Quebec, alternately. They also preside over the sittings of the criminal court for the cities of Montreal and Quebec. Of late years the salaries of the judges of the king’s bench for Montreal and Quebec are $8,000 for the chief justice and puisné judges at $7,000; those of the superior court, $8,000 for the chief justice and $7,000 each for the puisné judges, with a rider restricting all judges to the exclusive practice of their profession as judges. This limitation causes retirements after a number of years for more remunerative posts. The bench is not a body corporate, while the bar is. The first legislation was in 1785 (25 George III, C. 4), regarding the appointment of advocates, attorneys, solicitors and notaries.

The first attempt of the bar of Montreal to acquire corporate existence goes back to 1828, when on March 27th the members of the bar, under the auspices of the court of king’s bench, then composed of Chief Justice Reid and of Justices A.F. Uniacke, George Pyke and L.C. Foucher, organized themselves into a library association, the first board of management being composed of Messrs. Stephen Sewell, Joseph Bedard, Frederick Griffin, and Alexander Buchanan.

The association had a social circle as a scientific side and partook of the nature of a club. The admission fee was $200 and the annual subscription was $5.00. It appears to have flourished.

The next legislative provision enacted regarding the bar was the enactment of 1836 (6 William IV, C. 10) regulating that those who had followed a regular higher course of letters and had served their clerkship in a law firm were fit to be admitted to practice at the bar. The bar association of Montreal was incorporated in 1840 and the bar of Lower Canada in 1849. The title of _batonnier_ was given officially by act of 1849 to the president of the corporation. It comes from days as far back as 1342, when the president of the Sodality of Lawyers carried a bâton, the emblem of St. Nicholas, their patron.

The act to incorporate the bar of Lower Canada was the gradual dissolution of the Library Association so that about a quarter of a century ago the library began to be considered by comity the property of the bar. Since 1898 the Junior Bar Association has been formed for the purpose of mutual information, interest and friendly relations with similar bodies abroad. About 1907 the Montreal Bar Association was founded “for the purpose of promoting the interest of the bar and of facilitating professional labours and of fostering friendly relations among its members.”

THE COURTHOUSES

The courthouse used after the conquest was held in the Jesuit residence confiscated by the government. On the 3d of January, 1799, the sum of £5,000 was appropriated by the parliament for the erection of a new courthouse and at the same time the ground was granted by the government without any pecuniary indemnity. It was built in 1800 at the cost of $25,000 upon part of the site occupied partially before by the chapel and residence of the Jesuits. It contained many large halls and six fine vaults in which the notarial deeds and registers of births, marriages and deaths were stored. In 1803 at the east end of this courthouse there was built a prison which was partially demolished in 1849.

In 1844 the old courthouse was burnt. Until the present courthouse was built the courts were held partially in the prison adjoining the Château de Ramezay. The present courthouse was opened for business in 1856 on the site of the old courthouse and the prison. What was left of the latter was demolished in 1860 and a square was made between the garden of the government fronting the Château de Ramezay and on this place between the Champ de Mars and Notre Dame Street there was placed a fountain with the statue of Neptune, since removed to Park Mance.

In the present courthouse there are kept the judiciary archives of the district of Montreal, which are certainly the richest of any district in the Dominion because nothing has been destroyed, so that all the notarial deeds and official papers from the times of Maisonneuve to our day are available. These archives occupy a space on the basement floor of the courthouse of nearly three hundred by one hundred and twenty-five feet and also nearly half of the ground floor. Under the French régime the archives were under the care of the governor and the seigneurs of the island. Afterwards they were at the old French courthouse at the corner of St. Francis Xavier and Notre Dame streets and they followed the subsequent fortunes of the courthouse transmigrations. When the courthouse was burnt in 1844 the only documents destroyed were a part of the criminal court record. No systematic indexing and classification of the documents were undertaken before Doctor Lemieux was named sheriff in 1910. As this office in Montreal embraces the administration and supervision of the courthouse and prison, it was to this sheriff’s zeal that in 1911, after many demands, he succeeded in having a staff named under Mr. E.Z. Massicotte as the first archivist to put the archives department on an efficient modern basis. This was done, comparing favourably with the best kept contemporary archives in America. This was attested to by the visitors of the Great American Bar Congress held in Montreal in 1913. While the archives in the courthouse represent the collection of all documents relating to the city anterior to the period of English rule and of all the judiciary courts of the Montreal district since, including the preservation of the births, marriages, deaths and notarial deeds, there has lately been established in the city hall a municipal bureau of Archives under Mr. Beaudry, which preserves all documents concerning the government of the city under the system of the Justices of the Peace and the modern municipal corporation of Montreal. The historians of the future will bless both these forward movements of recent years.

SUPPLEMENT

JUDGES OF THE COURT OF KINGS BENCH, LOWER CANADA

Date. Place. Name.

Dec. 11, 1794 Montreal John Fraser Dec. 15, 1794 Montreal Jean Antoine Panet Dec. 16, 1794 Montreal James Walker May 8, 1795 Montreal Pierre Louis Panet June 22, 1796 Montreal Isaac Ogden Feb. 1, 1800 Montreal Arthur Davidson May 7, 1807 Montreal James Reid Dec. 10, 1812 Montreal Louis Charles Foucher May 1, 1820 Montreal George Pyke Feb. 1, 1825 Montreal Norman Fitzgerald Uniacke Dec. 6, 1828 Montreal George Pyke Jan. 7, 1830 Montreal Jean Roch Rolland Dec. 8, 1830 Montreal George Pyke Dec. 9, 1830 Montreal Norman Fitzgerald Uniacke Dec. 11, 1830 Montreal Jean Roch Rolland Aug. 23, 1834 Montreal Samuel Gale Aug. 30, 1838 Montreal George Pyke Aug. 30, 1838 Montreal Jean Roch Rolland Dec. 20, 1838 Montreal George Pyke Dec. 20, 1838 Montreal Jean Roch Rolland Dec. 20, 1838 Montreal Samuel Gale

JUDGES OF COURT OF THE COMMON PLEAS, P.Q.

Date. Place. Name.

Dec. 11, 1764 Montreal and Quebec Hon. Adam Mabane Dec. 11, 1764 Montreal and Quebec Hon. Francis Munier Dec. 11, 1764 Montreal and Quebec Hon. John Fraser July 14, 1769 Montreal and Quebec Hon. Hector Theophilus Cramahé July 14, 1769 Montreal and Quebec Hon. Adam Mabane July 14, 1769 Montreal and Quebec Hon. John Fraser July 23, 1776 Montreal Peter Livius July 23, 1776 Montreal William Owen Aug. 22, 1776 Montreal Edward Southouse March 6, 1777 Montreal Peter Livius March 6, 1777 Montreal William Owen March 6, 1777 Montreal Gabriel Elzear Taschereau May 29, 1777 Montreal Edward Southouse May 29, 1777 Montreal Edward Southouse Feb. 18, 1779 Montreal Hon. Adam Mabane Feb. 18, 1779 Montreal Thos. Dunn Aug. 30, 1779 Montreal Hon. John Fraser Aug. 30, 1779 Montreal Hon. Hertel de Rouville Aug. 30, 1779 Montreal Edward Southouse Dec. 24, 1788 Montreal Adam Mabane Dec. 24, 1788 Montreal Thomas Dunn Dec. 24, 1788 Montreal Pierre Panet Dec. 24, 1788 Montreal William Dummer Powell Dec. 24, 1788 Montreal Simon Sanguinet Jan. 7, 1790 Quebec and Montreal Adam Mabane Jan. 7, 1790 Quebec and Montreal Thomas Dunn Jan. 7, 1790 Quebec and Montreal Peter Panet Jan. 7, 1790 Quebec and Montreal John Frazer Jan. 7, 1790 Quebec and Montreal Hertel de Rouville

JUDGES OF THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, LOWER CANADA

Date. Place. Name.

Jan. 12, 1792 Quebec, Montreal and Three Rivers John Fraser Jan. 12, 1792 Quebec, Montreal and Three Rivers Thomas Dunn Jan. 12, 1792 Quebec, Montreal and Three Rivers Hertel de Rouville Jan. 12, 1792 Quebec, Montreal and Three Rivers Jenkin Williams Jan. 12, 1793 Montreal Peter Panet Aug. 30, 1793 Montreal Peter Panet Jan. 28, 1794 Quebec, Montreal and Three Rivers John A. Panet Feb. 8, 1794 Quebec, Montreal and Three Rivers P.A. DeBonne Feb. 8, 1794 Quebec, Montreal and Three Rivers James Walker

JUDGES OF THE CIRCUIT COURT, P.Q.

Date. Place. Name.

June 15, 1770 Montreal John Fraser June 15, 1770 Montreal John Marteilhe Feb. 1, 1771 Montreal John Marteilhe Feb. 1, 1771 Montreal John Fraser July 1, 1771 Montreal John Fraser July 1, 1771 Montreal John Marteilhe Jan. 13, 1772 Montreal John Marteilhe Jan. 13, 1772 Montreal John Fraser June 23, 1772 Montreal John Fraser June 23, 1772 Montreal John Marteilhe

JUDGES OF THE PREROGATIVE COURT, P.Q.

Date. Place. Name.

Nov. 25, 1779 Montreal John Fraser Nov. 25, 1779 Montreal Hertel de Rouville Nov. 25, 1779 Montreal Edward Southouse

ASSISTANT JUDGE, LOWER CANADA

Date. Place. Name.

June 1, 1818 District of Montreal George Pyke

JUDGES CIRCUIT

Date. Place. Name.

April 22, 1844 Montreal District Hypolite Guy April 24, 1844 Montreal District Charles Joseph Elzear Mondelet April 27, 1844 Montreal District John Samuel McCord April 29, 1844 Montreal District William Badgley

JUDGES OF THE SUPERIOR COURT

Date. Place. Name.

Jan. 26, 1877 District of Montreal Hon. Vinceslas P. Wilfrid Dorion June 23, 1883 District of Montreal Hon. Michel Mathieu April 12, 1886 District of Montreal Hon. Charles Ignace Gill June 10, 1887 District of Montreal Charles Peers Davidson April 15, 1889 District of Montreal Charles Chamilly De Lorimier June 5, 1889 District of Montreal Siméon Pagnuelo Oct. 19, 1891 District of Montreal Charles Joseph Doherty Nov. 22, 1893 District of Montreal John Sprott Archibald Oct. 18, 1895 District of Montreal Hon. John Joseph Curran Jan. 14, 1898 District of Montreal François Xavier Langelier June 25, 1901 District of Montreal Norman William Trenholme Sept. 25, 1901 City of Montreal Thomas Fortin June 11, 1902 District of Montreal Henri-Césaire Saint Pierre Mar. 11, 1903 District of Montreal Napoléon Charbonneau May 5, 1904 District of Montreal John Dunlop Aug. 31, 1906 District of Montreal Eugène Lafontaine Aug. 31, 1906 District of Montreal Edmund Guerin

JUDGES OF CIRCUIT COURT

Date. Place. Name.

Nov. 16, 1893 District of Montreal Denis Barry Nov. 16, 1893 District of Montreal Charles L. Champagne June 8, 1895 District of Montreal John Daly Purcell July 7, 1898 District of Montreal Achille Dorion Jan. 18, 1908 District of Montreal Calixte Le Beuf Nov. 29, 1913 District of Montreal Jean Baptiste Archambault

CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE SUPERIOR COURT, P.Q.

Date. Place. Name.

Oct. 27, 1894 District of Montreal Melbourne M. Tait

JUDGES OF THE SUPERIOR COURT FOR QUEBEC

Date. Place. Name.

Jan. 11, 1910 District of Montreal Charles Archer July 6, 1910 Residing at Montreal Robert Alfred Ernest Greenshields July 6, 1910 Residing at Montreal Charles Laurendeau Jan. 14, 1912 Residing at Montreal Simeon Beaudin July 16, 1912 Judicial District of Montreal Campbell Lane Dec. 7, 1912 Judicial District of Montreal Louis Edmond Panneton

COURT OF QUEEN’S BENCH (SUPERIOR COURT), LOWER CANADA

From 1841 to 1849 Inclusive

Judges.[5] From To

Chief Justice.

Sir Jas. Stuart, Bart Feb. 10, 1841 Dec. 31, 1849 J.R. Vallière de St. Réal (M.) June 1, 1842 Feb. 17, 1847 J.R. Rolland, (M.) Apr. 23, 1847 Dec. 31, 1849

Puisné Judges

Edward Bowen (Q.) Feb. 10, 1841 Dec. 31, 1849 Phi. Panet (Q.). Feb. 10, 1841 Dec. 31, 1849 Elz. Bédard (Q.) Feb. 10, 1841 Apr. 25, 1848 T.C. Aylwin (Q.) Apr. 26, 1848 Dec. 31, 1849 Geo. Pyke (M.) Feb. 10, 1841 June 28, 1842 J.R. Rolland (M.) Feb. 10, 1841 Apr. 22, 1847 Saml. Gale (M.) Feb. 10, 1841 Apr. 25, 1848 C.D. Day (M.) June 29, 1842 Dec. 31, 1849 Jas. Smith (M.) Apr. 23, 1847 Dec. 31, 1849 Elz. Bédard (M.) Apr. 26, 1848 Aug. 11, 1849

COURT OF QUEEN’S BENCH (APPEAL AND CRIMINAL), LOWER CANADA

From 1850 to 1865 Inclusive

Judges From To

Chief Justice

Sir Jas. Stuart, Bart (Q.) Jan. 1, 1850 Died July 14, 1853 Sir L.H. LaFontaine, Bart (M.) Aug. 13, 1853 Died Feb. 26, 1864 Hon. J.F.J. Duval (Q.) Mar. 5, 1864 --

Puisné Judges

Hon. J.R. Rolland (M.) Jan. 1, 1850 Jan. 26, 1855 Hon. Phi. Panet (Q.) Jan. 1, 1850 Died Jan. 15, 1855 Hon. T.C. Aylwin (Q.) Jan. 1, 1850 -- Hon. J.F.J. Duval (Q.) Jan. 27, 1855 Mar. 4, 1864 Hon. R.E. Caron (Q.) Jan. 27, 1855 -- Hon. W.C. Meredith (M.) Mar. 12, 1859 -- Hon. W. Badgley, Asst. Judge (M.) Sept. 12, 1863 Dec. 31, 1864 Hon. L.T. Drummond, Puisné Judge (M.) Mar. 5, 1864 -- Hon. C.J.E. Mondelet, Asst. Judge (M.) Jan. 1, 1865 --

SUPERIOR COURT, LOWER CANADA

From 1850 to 1865 Inclusive

Judges. From To

Hon. Edw. Bowen, Chief Justice (Q.) Jan. 1, 1850 Died Apr. 11, 1866 Hon. D. Mondelet, Pusiné Judge (M.) Jan. 1, 1850 Died in 1863 Hon. C.D. Day, Puisné Judge (Q.) Jan. 1, 1850 Sept. 30, 1862 Hon. Jas. Smith, Puisné Judge (?) Jan. 1, 1850 -- Hon. Geo. Vanfelson, Puisné Judge (?) Jan. 1, 1850 Jan. 26, 1856 Hon. R.H. Gairdner, Puisné Judge (Q.) Jan. 1, 1850 Sept. 30, 1852 Hon. E. Bacquet, Puisné Judge (Q.) Jan. 1, 1852 Died in 1853 Hon. C.J.E. Mondelet, Puisné Judge (M.) Jan. 1, 1852 Dec. 31, 1864 Hon. J.F. Duval, Puisné Judge (Q.) Jan. 1, 1852 Jan. 26, 1855 Hon. W. C Meredith, Puisné Judge (M.) Jan. 1, 1852 Mar. 11, 1859 Hon. E. Short, Puisné Judge (?) Nov. 12, 1852 -- -- -- R.E. Caron, Puisné Judge (Q.) Aug. 15, 1853 Jan. 26, 1855 Hon. A.N. Marin, Puisné Judge (M.) Jan. 27, 1855 Died July 27, 1865 Hon. W. Badgley, Puisné Judge (M.) Jan. 27, 1855 Sept. 11, 1863 Hon. J. Chabot, Puisné Judge (Q.) Sept. 20, 1856 Died in 1860 Hon. Hyp. Guy, Puisné Judge (M.) Nov. 25, 1857 Apr. 16, 1860 Hon. J.S. McCord, Puisné Judge (M.) Nov. 25, 1857 Mar. --, 1865 Hon. W.K. McCord, Puisné Judge (M.) Nov. 25, 1857 --, 1858 Hon. W. Power, Puisné Judge (Q.) Nov. 25, 1857 Died in 1860 Hon. J.C. Bruneau, Puisné Judge Nov. 25, 1857 Sept. 4, 1863 Hon. J.T. Taschereau, Puisné Judge (Q.) Nov. 25, 1857 -- -- -- Hon. D. Roy, Puisné Judge Nov. 25, 1857 -- -- -- Hon. P. Winter, Puisné Judge Mar. 29, 1858 -- -- -- Hon. J.T. Taschereau, Asst. Judge (Q.) Nov. 2, 1858 May 2, 1859 Hon. J.T. Taschereau June 6, 1860 Aug. --, 1865 Hon. J.T. Taschereau, Puisné Judge (Q.) Aug. , 1865 -- -- -- Hon. A. Stuart, Asst. Judge (Q.) Feb. 10, 1859 June 6, 1860 Hon. A. Stuart, Puisné Judge June 6, 1860 -- -- -- Hon. J.A. Berthelot, Asst. Judge (M.) Feb. 10, 1859 Dec. 31, 1864 Hon. J.A. Berthelot, Puisné Judge Jan. 1, 1865 -- -- -- Hon. J.G. Thompson, Puisné Judge (G.) May 11, 1859 -- -- -- Hon. A. Lafontaine, Puisné Judge May 11, 1859 -- -- -- Hon. S.C. Monk, Asst. Judge (M.) June 4, 1859 -- -- -- Hon. A. Polette, Puisné Judge (T.-R.) Apr. 21, 1860 -- -- -- Hon. F.O. Gauthier, Puisné Judge (?) Nov. 14, 1860 -- -- -- Hon. T.J.J. Loranger, Puisné Judge (M.) Feb. 28, 1863 -- -- -- Hon. L.V. Sicotte, Puisné Judge (M.?) Sept. 5, 1863 -- -- -- Hon. C.J. Laberge, Puisné Judge (M.) Sept. 18, 1863 July 2, 1864 Hon. F.G. Johnson, Puisné Judge (M.) June 1, 1865 -- -- --

Deputy Judges, Superior Court.

J.B. Parkin (M.?) Dec. 22, 1854 May 11, 1855 Chas. Panet (Q.) May 16, 1855 July 6, 1855 J.J.C. Abbott (M.) May 19, 1855 Aug. 25, 1855

Assistant Judges Under Seigniorial Act.

H. Driscoll (?) Sept. 3, 1855 G.O. Stuart (Q.) Sept. 3, 1855 F.O. Gauthier (?) Sept. 3, 1855 J.T. Taschereau (Q.) Sept. 3, 1855 J.B. Parkin (M.) Sept. 3, 1855 S.C. Monk (M.) Sept. 14, 1855 J.F. Pelletier (Q.) Sept. 14, 1855 J.A. Berthelot (M.) Sept. 14, 1855

COURT OF VICE-ADMIRALTY (QUEBEC)

From 1841 to 1865

Hon. H. Black Feb. 10, 1841

THE COURT OF QUEEN’S BENCH FOR THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC

From 1867 to 1895 Inclusive

Chief Justices of the Queen’s Bench.

Name. From To

Hon. Jean François Joseph Duval (Q.) Mar. 4, 1864 May 31, 1874 (Retired June 1, 1874; died May 6, 1881.) Hon. Sir Antoine Aimé Dorion, Kt. (M.) June 1, 1874 May 31, 1891 (Knighted, 1877; died May 31, 1891.) Hon. Sir Alexandre Lacoste, Kt. (M.) Sept. 14, 1891 -- -- -- (Knighted June 15, 1892.)

Puisné Judges of the Queen’s Bench.

Name. From To

Hon. Thomas Cushing Aylwin (Q.) Dec. 24, 1849 Aug. 24, 1868 (Retired Aug. 25, 1868; died Oct. 14, 1871.) Hon. Réné Edouard Caron (Q.) Jan. 27, 1855 Feb. 16, 1873

Mr. Justice Caron assumed the office of Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Quebec, February 17, 1873. Mr. Justice Mondelet, who was a Puisné Judge of the Superior Court, acted as Assistant Judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench for and during the time that Mr. Justice Caron continued to be a Commissioner for the codification of the laws of Lower Canada relative to civil matters and procedure.

Hon. Charles Joseph Elzéar Mondelet, Asst. Judge (M.) May 30, 1859 Dec. 31, 1869 Hon. Louis Thomas Drummond (M.) Mar. 4, 1864 Oct. 31, 1873 (Retired Nov. 1, 1873; died Nov. 24, 1882.) Hon. Wm. Badgley (M.) Aug. 17, 1866 Mar. 1, 1874 (Retired Mar. 2, 1874; died Dec. 24, 1888.) Hon. Samuel Cornwallis Monk (M.) Aug. 27, 1868 Sept. 19, 1888 (Retired Sept. 20, 1888; died Oct. 29, 1888.) Hon. Jean Thomas Taschereau (Q.) Feb. 11, 1873 Oct. 7, 1875 Appointed Puisné Judge of the Supreme Court of Canada. Oct. 8, 1875 Hon. Thomas Kennedy Ramsay (M.) Oct. 30, 1873 Dec. 22, 1886 (Died Dec. 22, 1886.) Hon. John Sewell Sanborn (?) Mar. 6, 1874 July 17, 1877 (Died July 17, 1877.) Hon. Ulric Joseph Tessier (Q.?) Oct. 8, 1875 Sept. 11, 1891 (Retired Sept. 12, 1891; died Apr. 7, 1892.) Hon. Alexander Cross (M.) Aug. 30, 1877 Oct. 3, 1892 (Retired Oct. 4, 1892; died Oct. 17, 1895.) Hon. Louis François Geo. Baby (M.) Apr. 29, 1881 -- Hon. Levi Ruggles Church (M.) Jan. 25, 1887 Jan. 6, 1892 (Retired Jan. 7, 1892; died Aug. 30, 1892.) Hon, Joseph Guillaume Bossé (Q.) Sept. 25, 1888 -- Hon. Jean Blanchet (Q.) Sept. 19, 1891 -- Hon. Robert Newton Hall (M.) Jan. 11, 1892 -- Hon. Jonathan S. Campbell Wurtele (M.) Oct. 12, 1 892 --

THE JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF MONTREAL

From 1867 to 1870, four Judges of the Superior Court had to reside in the city of Montreal (C.S.L.C., Chap. 78, 1860); 1870 to 1872, five Judges (33 Vict. Q., Chap. 10); 1872 to 1882, six Judges (35 Vict. Q., Chap. 6, and 36 Vict., Chap. 10); 1882 to 1883, seven Judges (43-44 Vict. Q., Chap. 5); 1883 to 1887, eight Judges (46 Vict. Q., Chap. 13); 1887 to 1895, eleven Judges, including the Judge to whom the district of Terrebonne is assigned (49-50 Vict. Q., Chap. 7, 50 Vict. Q., Chap. 11, and 52 Vict. Q., Chap. 27).

Judges. From To

Hon. James Smith Dec. 24, 1849 Aug. 24, 1868 (Retired Aug. 25, 1868; died Nov. 29, 1868.) Hon. Chas. Jos. Elzéar Mondelet Dec. 24, 1849 Dec. 31, 1876 He was Assistant Judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench from May 30, 1859, to December 31, 1869, during the time Mr. Justice R.E. Caron continued to be a Commissioner for the codification of the laws of Lower Canada relative to civil matters and procedure; he died December 31, 1876. Hon. Joseph Amable Berthelot Nov. 30, 1860 Aug. 31, 1876 (Retired Sept. 1, 1876.) Hon. Francis Godschall Johnson July 18, 1865 Dec. 9, 1889 He was Recorder of the Province of Manitoba from September 3, 1870, to June 1, 1872; appointed Chief Justice December 10, 1889. Hon. Samuel Cornwallis Monk Aug. 17, 1866 Aug. 26, 1868 Appointed Puisné Judge, Court of Queens Bench August 27, 1868. Hon. Robert Mackay Aug. 27, 1868 Oct. 31, 1882 (Retired Nov. 1, 1882; died Feb. 23, 1888.) Hon. Fred Wm. Torrance Aug. 27, 1868 Jan. 2, 1887 (Died Jan. 2, 1887.) Hon. Jos. Ubalde Baudry, Asst. Judge during the absence of Mr. Justice Dec. 5, 1868 June 30, 1869 Mackay (Died Jan. 12, 1876.) Hon. Jos. Ubalde Baudry, Puisné Judge Dec. 22, 1869 Jan. 12, 1876 Hon. Henri Félix Rainville Feb. 3, 1876 Apr. 11, 1886 (Retired Apr. 12, 1886; died Feb. 7, 1891.) Hon. Auguste Cyrille Papineau Sept. 1, 1876 May 6, 1889 (Retired May 17, 1889.) Hon. Vinceslas P. Wilfrid Dorion Jan. 26, 1877 June 2, 1878 (Transferred from the Judicial District of Quebec; died June 2, 1878.) Hon. Louis Amable Jetté Sept. 2, 1878 -- -- -- Hon. Louis Onésime Loranger Aug. 5, 1882 -- -- -- Hon. Marcus Doherty Nov. 2, 1882 Oct. 14, 1891 (Transferred from Judicial District St. Francis; retired Oct. 15, 1891.) Hon. Mathieu June 23, 1883 -- -- -- (Transferred from the Judicial District of Joliette.) Hon. Chas. Ignace Gill Apr. 12, 1886 -- -- -- (Transferred from the Judicial District of Richelieu.) Hon. Chas. Peer Davidson June 10, 1887 -- -- -- Hon. Henri Thomas Taschereau Dec. 1, 1887 -- -- -- (Transferred from the Judicial District of Joliette and assigned the Judicial District of Terrebonne.) Hon. Jonathan Saxton Campbell Wurtele Sept. 20, 1888 Oct. 11, 1892 (Transferred from the Judicial District of Ottawa; appointed Puisné Judge, Court of Queen’s Bench, Oct. 12, 1892.) Hon. Siméon Pagneulo June 5, 1889 -- -- -- Hon. Melbourne McTaggart Tait July 5, 1889 -- -- -- (Transferred from the Judicial District of Bedford; appointed to perform the duties of Chief Justice in the District of Montreal, Oct. 27, 1894.) Hon. Charles Joseph Doherty Oct. 19, 1891 -- -- -- Hon. John Sprott Archibald Nov. 22, 1893 -- -- -- Hon. John Joseph Curran Oct. 18, 1895 -- -- --

RECORDERS APPOINTED SINCE THE CREATION OF THE RECORDER’S COURT, IN 1841

Joseph Bourret 1841 John P. Sexton 1859 B.A.T. de Montigny 1881 A.E. Poirier 1899 R.S. Weir 1899 F.X. Dupuis 1907 Amédée Geoffrion 1912

SHERIFFS OF MONTREAL

John Turner, 23rd September, 1762.

Edward Wm. Gray, May, 1776, 1770-1795.

Frederick Wm. Ermatinger, 24th December, 1810, 1813-1820.

Hon. L. Gugy, March 3, 1827.

Hon. Roch de St. Ours, April 3, 1837-1839.

Hon. Foussaint Pothier and Andrew Stuart, September 21, 1839 for five days.

John Boston and Hugh Edmund Barron, September 26, 1839-1841.

John Boston, March 4, 1841-1842.

John Boston and Wm. Foster Coffin, February 16, 1842-1851.

John Boston, May 17, 1851-1862.

A.M. Delisle, March 12, 1862-1863.

F. Bouthillier, December 19, 1863-1872.

C.A. Leblanc, November 28, 1872-1877.

Hon. P.J. O’Chauveau, September 10, 1877-1890.

Hon. J.R. Thibaudeau, May 9, 1890-June 6, 1909.

Dr. Louis Joseph Lemieux, 1909.

PROTHONOTARIES

1780 John Burke and Charles Lepailleur.

1788-1792 John Burke, John Reid and C. Lepailleur.

1794 John Burke and John Reid.

1795 John Reid, John Burke and Sauveuse de Beaujeu.

1801-1813 Alexander Reid and Sauveuse de Beaujeu.

1814-1815 John Reid and Louis Levesque.

1816-1818 John Reid, L. Levesque and Samuel Wentworth Monk.

1831 S.W. Monk and W.C.H. Coffin, and

Afterwards C.A. Papineau; W.C.H. Coffin, C.A. Papineau and Honey; Hubert, Papineau and Honey; Hubert, Honey and Gendron; Honey and Gendron; Honey, Longprés and Cherrier.

1866-1867 A.B. Longprés.

1890 Hon. Arthur Turcotte.

1895 (about) Hon. (now Justice) Monette.

1908 A. Girard.

THE BATONNIERS OF THE MONTREAL BAR

1849-1852 Toussaint Pelletier. 1852-1853 Sir Antoine Aimé Dorion. 1855-1856 C.S. Cherrier, Q.C. 1856-1858 Henry Stuart, Q.C. 1859-1860 Strachan Bethune, K.C. 1861-1862 Sir Antoine Aimé Dorion. 1862-1863 Strachan Bethune, K.C. 1864-1866 Hon. R. Laflamme, Q.C. 1873-1875 Sir Antoine Aimé Dorion. 1875-1879 W.H. Kerr, Q.C. 1879-1881 Sir Alexander Lacoste, Q.C. 1881-1883 W.W. Robertson, Q.C. 1887-1889 Rouey Roy, Q.C. 1890-1892 Hon. F.L. Beique, Q.C. 1894-1896 Hon. J.G. Robidoux, Q.C. 1896-1898 C.B. Carter, Q.C. 1898-1900 Hon. J.A.C. Madore. 1901-1902 W.J. White, K.C.* 1902-1903 S. Beaudin, K.C. 1903-1904 D. McMaster, K.C. 1904-1905 Gustave Lamothe, K.C. 1905-1906 Eugene Lefleur, K.C. 1906-1907 P.S. Mignault, K.C. 1907-1908 F.G. Meredith, K.C. 1908-1909 Honoré Gervais, K.C. 1909-1910 R.C. Smith, K.C. 1910-1911 F.J. Bisaillon, K.C. 1911-1912 A.J. Brown, K.C. 1912-1913 J.L. Archambault. 1913-1914 F. de Sales Bastien, K.C.

* A one-year’s term of office was now resolved upon.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The first jail under the French régime was situated, according to documents found by Mr. Massicotte either on St. Paul Street near St. Sulpice, or at Point a Callieres, i. e., either at Maisonneuve’s château or in the original fort.

[2] An auction duty of 2½% was levied, with a tax on tea, varying from twopence to sixpence a pound, likewise threepence a gallon on spirits and twopence on molasses and syrup.

[3] In 1839, the date of the publication of Newton Bosworth’s “History of Montreal,” the author writes, “There is no chaplain attached to this gaol nor, we are sorry to learn, is there any provision made for the moral and religious instruction of the prisoners. Vice and immorality, we are informed, prevail to an alarming extent and call loudly for the benevolent services of all who feel it important to check the prevalence of these enormous evils and to reclaim the sinner from the error of his ways.” Vol. II--27

[4] The same suggestion has been made on several occasions since, but always with the same result.

[5] The provincial appointments from 1841 to 1864, and from 1867 to 1895 are given for Lower Canada. It has been found impossible to identify them all in time for the press. Those marked “M” have been identified, as Montreal, “Q” as Quebec and “?” as questioned.