Chapter 3

I. Introduction 1. Society, the Community, and the Group 159 2. Classification of the Materials 162

II. Materials

A. Society and Symbiosis 1. Definition of Society. _Alfred Espinas_ 165 2. Symbiosis (literally "living together"). _William M. Wheeler_ 167 3. The Taming and the Domestication of Animals. _P. Chalmers Mitchell_ 170

B. Plant Communities and Animal Societies 1. Plant Communities. _Eugenius Warming_ 173 2. Ant Society. _William E. Wheeler_ 180

C. Human Society 1. Social Life. _John Dewey_ 182 2. Behavior and Conduct. _Robert E. Park_ 185 3. Instinct and Character. _L. T. Hobhouse_ 190 4. Collective Representation and Intellectual Life. _Emile Durkheim_ 193

D. The Social Group 1. Definition of the Group. _Albion W. Small_ 196 2. The Unity of the Social Group. _Robert E. Park_ 198 3. Types of Social Groups. _S. Sighele_ 200 4. _Esprit de Corps_, Morale, and Collective Representations of Social Groups. _William E. Hocking_ 205

III. Investigations and Problems 1. The Scientific Study of Societies 210 2. Surveys of Communities 211 3. The Group as a Unit of Investigation 212 4. The Study of the Family 213

_Selected Bibliography_ 217 _Topics for Written Themes_ 223 _Questions for Discussion_ 224