Introduction to the Science of Sociology

The idea of interaction is not a notion of common sense. It represents the culmination of long-continued reflection by human beings in their ceaseless effort to resolve the anci...

It seems incredible that there should have been a time when mankind had no conception of progress. Ever since men first consciously united their common efforts to improve and co...

The human interest in human nature is proverbial. It is an original tendency of man to be attentive to the behavior of other human beings. Experience heightens this interest bec...

A collection of individuals is not always, and by the mere fact of its collectivity, a society. On the other hand, when people come together anywhere, in the most casual way, on...

The distinction between competition and conflict has already been indicated. Both are forms of interaction, but competition is a struggle between individuals, or groups of indiv...

The term _adaptation_ came into vogue with Darwin's theory of the origin of the species by natural selection. This theory was based upon the observation that no two members of a...

Social control has been studied, but, in the wide extension that sociology has given to the term, it has not been defined. All social problems turn out finally to be problems of...

The concept of interaction is an abstraction so remote from ordinary experience that it seems to have occurred only to scientists and philosophers. The idea of forces behind the...

Competition, as a universal phenomenon, was first clearly conceived and adequately described by the biologists. As defined in the evolutionary formula "the struggle for existenc...

Human nature and the person are products of society. This is the sum and substance of the readings in the preceding chapter. But what, then, is society--this web in which the li...

The fundamental social process is that of interaction. This interaction is (a) of persons with persons, and (b) of groups with groups. The simplest aspect of interaction, or its...

Relations of persons with persons, and of groups with groups, may be either those of isolation or those of contact. The emphasis in this chapter is placed upon _isolation_, in t...

general assertion familiar to students of sociology. This law or, more correctly, hypothesis, applied to an individual case explains the so-called feral man. Wild men, in the pr...

The concept assimilation, so far as it has been defined in popular usage, gets its meaning from its relation to the problem of immigration. The more concrete and familiar terms...

Sociology first gained recognition as an independent science with the publication, between 1830 and 1842, of Auguste Comte's _Cours de philosophie positive_. Comte did not, to b...

(10) Jung, C. G. _Psychology of the Unconscious_. A study of the transformations and symbolisms of the libido. A contribution to the history of the evolution of thought. Authori...

A. The Original Nature of Man 1. Original Nature Defined. _Edward L. Thorndike_ 73 2. Inventory of Original Tendencies. _Edward L. Thorndike_ 75 3. Man Not Born Human. _Robert E...

C. Language and the Communication of Ideas 1. Intercommunication in the Lower Animals. _C. Lloyd Morgan_ 375 2. The Concept as the Medium of Human Communication. _F. Max Mueller...

A. Isolation and Personal Individuality 1. Society and Solitude. _Francis Bacon_ 233 2. Society in Solitude. _Jean Jacques Rousseau_ 234 3. Prayer as a Form of Isolation. _Georg...

A. Forms of Accommodation 1. Acclimatization. _Daniel G. Brinton_ 671 2. Slavery Defined. _H. J. Nieboer_ 674 3. Excerpts from the Journal of a West India Slave Owner. _Matthew...

B. Social Contact in Relation to Solidarity and to Mobility 1. The In-Group and the Out-Group. _W. G. Sumner_. 293 2. Sympathetic Contacts versus Categoric Contacts. _N. S. Shal...

I. Introduction 1. Collective Behavior Defined 865 2. Social Unrest and Collective Behavior 866 3. The Crowd and the Public 867 4. Crowds and Sects 870 5. Sects and Institutions...

A. The Concept of Progress 1. The Earliest Conception of Progress. _F. S. Marvin_ 965 2. Progress and Organization. _Herbert Spencer_ 966 3. The Stages of Progress. _Auguste Com...

B. War, Instincts, and Ideals 1. War and Human Nature. _William A. White_ 594 2. War as a Form of Relaxation. _G. T. W. Patrick_ 598 3. The Fighting Animal and the Great Society...

A. Elementary Forms of Social Control 1. Control in the Crowd and the Public. _Lieut. J. S. Smith_ 800 2. Ceremonial Control. _Herbert Spencer_ 805 3. Prestige. _Lewis Leopold_...

D. The Social Group 1. Definition of the Group. _Albion W. Small_ 196 2. The Unity of the Social Group. _Robert E. Park_ 198 3. Types of Social Groups. _S. Sighele_ 200 4. _Espr...

A. Trends, Tendencies, and Public Opinion 1. Social Forces in American History. _A. M. Simons_ 443 2. Social Tendencies as Social Forces. _Richard T. Ely_ 444 3. Public Opinion...

A. The Struggle for Existence 1. Different Forms of the Struggle for Existence. _J. Arthur Thomson_ 513 2. Competition and Natural Selection. _Charles Darwin_ 515 3. Competition...

B. The Conflict and Fusion of Cultures 1. The Analysis of Blended Cultures. _W. H. R. Rivers_ 746 2. The Extension of Roman Culture in Gaul. _John H. Cornyn_ 751 3. The Competit...