Part 14

[9] +~Albert Bertel Thorwaldsen~, berühmter dänischer Bildhauer, wurde im Jahre 1770 auf der See zwischen Island und Kopenhagen geboren, war ein Schüler der Kunstakademie zu Kopenhagen und lebte von 1796 bis 1838 in Rom, kehrte aber dann nach seiner Heimat zurück, wo er am 24. März 1844 starb. Thorwaldsen ist der Schöpfer zahlreicher idealer Werke im echten klassischen Geiste altgriechischer Kunst, welche meistens der antiken Mythologie, zum Teil aber auch der christlichen Religionsanschauung entlehnt sind. Sein Name wird unsterblich sein, denn er lebt der Welt in seinen unvergleichlichen Werken fort, die zu Kopenhagen von seinen begeisterten Landsleuten in einem besonders dazu gebauten Museum, welches den Namen des weltberühmten Künstlers trägt, zur Bewunderung der Nachwelt ausgestellt sind.+

[10] +durch.+

[11] +zur unausgesetzten Arbeit.+

[12] Place the adv. ‘then’ at the head of the sentence, and supply ‘for him’ (+ihm+) after the auxiliary. =As a rule the person or persons for whose benefit an action is done must be indicated in German=; as—I will buy a hat, +ich will ~mir~ einen Hut kaufen+.

[13] and — one = whereupon he worked again till one o’clock.

[14] This — day = This was his principal meal. Form a comp. n. according to S. 36, N. 7, _A_.

[15] when (+wo+) he complained of (+über+) want (+Mangel+, m.) of (+an+) appetite.

[16] +Süßigkeiten.+

[17] To sit a long while over one’s wine, +lange beim Wein sitzen+.

[18] chatting = and chatted (+plaudern+); to some friend or other = to (+mit+) this or that friend.

[19] +bei sich+; after — parts = to (= in order to) read to him their parts (+Rollen+) after dinner (+nach Tische+, which place after the conj. +um+ and the dat. of the persn. pron.). To read, +vor´lesen+.

[20] To take instructions, +Anweisungen entge´gennehmen+.

_Section 131._

GOETHE’S DAILY LIFE AT WEIMAR.

III.

He was fond of wine (S. 3, N. 2) and drank daily his two or three bottles. Lest[1] this statement should convey a false impression, I hasten to[2] recall to the reader’s recollection the very different habits of our fathers in respect to drinking. It was no[3] unusual thing to be called “a three-bottle-man” in those days in England, when[4] the three bottles were _of_ port or Burgundy; and Goethe, a[5] Rhinelander, accustomed from boyhood to wine, drank a wine which his English contemporaries would have called water. The[6] amount he drank never did more than exhilarate him, and never made him unfit for work or for society. Over[7] his wine, then, he sat some hours; no _such thing as_ dessert was seen upon his table in those days; not even the customary coffee after dinner. His mode[8] of living was extremely simple; and even when persons[9] of very moderate circumstances burned wax[10], two[11] poor tallow candles were all that could be seen in his rooms. In the evening he often went to the theatre, and there[12] his _customary_ glass of punch was brought (S. 4, N. 4, +man+) at six o’clock (App. § 9). If (S. 27, N. 7) not at the theatre, he received friends at[13] home. Between eight and nine a frugal supper was laid[14], but[15] he never took anything except a little salad or preserves. By[16] ten o’clock he was usually in bed.—G. H. LEWES, “LIFE OF GOETHE.”

[1] Lest — impression = In order that (+Damit+) this observation may (Present Subj. of +mögen+; read App. §§ 33 and 34) not make a false impression.—For the position of the verbs see App. § 18.

[2] to — drinking = to remind the reader of (+an+) the very different (+ganz andern+) habits of our fathers in respect of drinking.—To transl. ‘drinking’ form a noun of the infinitive of the verb ‘to drink’, and use it with the def. art., according to S. 3, N. 2, and S. 11, N. 7.

[3] no — thing, +nichts Ungewöhnliches+; in those days, +damals+, which place with ‘in England’ after ‘was’.

[4] ‘when’, here +wo+. Notice that: =The relative conjunction ‘+wo+’ is often used in reference to time as a translation of ‘when’ in the sense of ‘at= (=in= _or_ =during=) =which time’=; as—+Es geschah zu einer Zeit, ~wo~+ (+zu+ or +in welcher+) +Sie abwesend waren+, it happened at a time _when_ you were absent. =It is also used relatively, in reference to place, instead of a relative pronoun preceded by a preposition=; as—+Kennst du das Land, ~wo~ (in welchem) die Zitronen blühen?+ (Goethe) Know you the land _where_ (in which) the citrons bloom? +Dies ist das Haus, wo (in dem) er wohnt+, this is the house where (in which) he lives.

[5] a — wine, +als Rheinländer von Jugend auf an Wein gewöhnt+.

[6] The — him = What he drank had never any (= an) other effect than (+als+) to exhilarate him; to exhilarate, +angenehm an´regen+.

[7] So he sat for hours (+stundenlang+) over his (+beim+) wine.

[8] +Lebensweise+, f.

[9] +Leute+; of = in.

[10] wax = wax candles.

[11] two — rooms = one saw in his rooms only two poor (+dürftig+) tallow candles.

[12] +dahin+.

[13] +bei sich zu Hause+.

[14] to lay a frugal supper, +ein einfaches Abendessen auftragen+; to lay the table (the cloth), +den Tisch decken+.

[15] Say ‘but he (himself) took (+essen+ or +genießen+, S. 3, N. 8.) only a little salad or preserves’.

[16] +Um+.

_Section 132._

THE[1] PROGRESS IN THE ART OF PRINTING.

(Conclusion[2] of a speech delivered at the Caxton Celebration, June 30, 1877, in London.)

I now call[3] attention, in[4] a few words, to the progress of this art. I hold _up_ a volume in my (S. 43, N. 9) hand, to[5] which I beg everyone to direct his eye, because I think it[6] may be called the climax and consummation of this art. This[7] volume is bound, as you see, and stamped with the arms of the University _of_ Oxford. It is a Bible bound[8] in a manner that commends itself to the reader—I believe[9] in every sense an excellent piece of workmanship, containing more than _one_[10] thousand pages. Well[11], you will say: “That is very[12] commonplace, why bring it before us?” I do so[13] in order to tell[14] you that this book sixteen hours ago did not exist—it[15] was not bound, it was not folded, it was not printed. Since the clock struck twelve last night at[16] the University Press in Oxford, the people (+man+) there have printed and sent us this book. They (+man+) have sent several copies[17] to[18] be distributed here in the midst of your festival. That shows what can be done, and _that is_ what has been done, and[19] it shows the state to which this great art is now happily arrived. If[20] I began with a humiliating confession as to the small share we could claim in contributing to the early history of printing, we may[21] leave off, ladies and gentlemen, in a better spirit, because I think that such a performance as this is[22] one that will be admitted to be a credit in any portion of the world. Now I will trouble you no longer, but (S. 6, N. 10) will ask[23] you to[24] drink with me to the memory of this most distinguished name: “To[25] the memory of[26] William Caxton, the (S. 53, N. 9) first English printer, and a native[27] of _this_ our beloved country[28].”—THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE.

[1] +Die Fortschritte in der Buchdruckerkunst.+ =The noun ‘progress’ is generally rendered by the corresponding plural form in German.=

[2] +Schluß einer am 30. Juni 1877 bei Gelegenheit der Caxtonfeier in London gehaltenen Rede. ~William Caxton~, der erste Buchdrucker Englands, wurde im Jahre 1412 zu Weald m Kent geboren, wohnte aber später als Bürger und Kaufmann in London, woselbst er auch im Jahre 1492 starb.+

[3] to call a person’s attention to a thing, +einen auf etwas aufmerksam machen+. Begin with the adv. ‘now’, and supply the personal object ‘+Sie+’.

[4] in a = with; of = in.

[5] = which I beg you all to look at (+betrachten+, v. tr.).

[6] it — art = we may (+dürfen+) consider (+an´sehen+) it the climax and consummation (+als die höchste Stufe der Vollendung+) of (= in) this art.

[7] Say ‘As you see, this volume (here +Einband+) is stamped with the arms’, etc.

[8] bound — reader = the binding of which must commend (App. § 18) itself at once (+sich von selbst+) to the reader.

[9] Here insert ‘it is’; sense = respect, +Beziehung+, f.; piece of workmanship = ‘work of art’, which render by forming a comp. n. according to S. 36, N. 7, _A_.

[10] =’One’ or ‘a’ before ‘hundred’ and ‘thousand’ is, as a rule, not translated in German.=

[11] Say ‘But (which place after the copula ‘will’) you will perhaps say’.

[12] +etwas ganz Gewöhnliches, wozu es uns noch zeigen?+

[13] =The English ‘so’ in connection with a transitive verb is generally to be rendered by ‘+es+’. If we want to emphasize the object, however, we use either of the demonstrative pronouns ‘+das+’ or ‘+dies+’, and place it at the head of the clause=; as—Do you think _so_? +Glauben Sie ~es~?+ No, I do not, +Nein, ~das~ glaube ich nicht+.

[14] +sagen+ or +mit´teilen+.

[15] Say ‘it was neither bound, nor ... nor ...’

[16] Render ‘at the’ by the gen. of the def. art.; and place the clause ‘at — Oxford’ after ‘clock’. Last night, +vergangene Nacht+.

[17] ‘=Copy=’ in the signification of ‘specimen’ is rendered by +=Exemplar=+, n.; pl. +e+ (= +e+); +=Kopie=+, f., is the written copy of any book, document or MS.

[18] Say ‘in order to distribute them here during this festival’.

[19] and — arrived = and it shows the high degree (+Stufe+, f.) of (+der+) perfection which this great art has reached now-a-days (+heutzutage+) (App. § 17).

[20] If — printing = If I began with the humiliating confession that we in respect to (+auf+) our contribution to the (+zur+) early (+früheren+) history of the art of printing can claim (+beanspruchen dürfen+, which comes last) only a small (+gering+) share.

[21] may = can; leave off = conclude; spirit = mood, +Stimmung+, f.; performance, +Leistung+, f.

[22] is — world, +überall in der Welt mit Ehren anerkannt werden wird+.

[23] ‘=To ask=’ in the signification of ‘asking a question’ is rendered by +=fragen=+ or +=eine Frage stellen=+, but in that of ‘=to request=’ by +=bitten=+.

[24] to — name = to empty your glasses with me to the (+zum+) memory (+Andenken+) of (+an+) this most (+höchst+) distinguished name; (‘your glasses to empty’ must be placed at the end.)

[25] +Zum Gedächtnis.+

[26] Use the Anglo-Saxon genitive here.

[27] native = son.

[28] country = fatherland.

_Section 133._

ROBERT DICK, THE BAKER, GEOLOGIST, AND BOTANIST.

Not long ago, Sir Roderick Murchinson discovered at Thurso, in the far north of Scotland, a profound[1] geologist, in the person of a baker there[2], named Robert Dick. When (S. 4, N. 2) Sir Roderick called upon him at[3] the bakehouse in which (S. 131, N. 4) he baked and earned his bread, Robert Dick delineated[4] _to him_ by[5] means of flour upon a board, the geographical features[6] and geological phenomena of his native country, pointing[7] out its imperfections in[8] the existing maps, which[9] he had ascertained by travelling over the country in his leisure hours. On[10] further inquiry, Sir Roderick ascertained[11] that the humble[12] individual before him was not only a capital baker and geologist, but also a first-rate[13] botanist. “I found,” said the Director-General of the Geographical Society, “to my great humiliation, that this baker[14] knew infinitely more of (S. 40, N. 9) botanical science, ay, ten times more, than I _did_; and that there were (S. 82, N. 7) only some twenty or thirty specimens[15] of flowers which he had not collected. Some he had obtained[16] as presents, some (= others) he had purchased, but the greater portion had been accumulated[17] by his industry, in his native county _of_ Caithness; and the specimens[18] were all arranged[19] in the most beautiful order, with[20] their scientific names affixed.”—S. SMILES, “SELF-HELP.”

[1] +gründlich.+

[2] +dortig+, which use attributively before the noun ‘baker’; named, +namens+.

[3] +in+.

[4] +entwerfen+, insep. comp. str. v.

[5] +mittels eines mit Mehl bestreuten Brettes.+

[6] +Umrisse.+

[7] Say ‘whereby he pointed out the imperfections’. To point out a thing, +auf etwas verweisen+, insep. comp. str. v.

[8] Use the gen. of the def. art.

[9] which — hours = of which (+wovon+) he had convinced himself on (+auf+) his travels through the country in his leisure hours (+Mußestunden+).

[10] +Nach weiterer Prüfung.+

[11] ascertained = learnt, +erfuhr+, from +erfahren+.

[12] humble = modest; individual = man.

[13] first-rate = considerable, +bedeutend+.

[14] Here follow the words ‘of — science’ after which transl. the adv. ‘infinitely’, which is followed by ‘ay (+ja+) ten times more’ and the verb ‘knew’.

[15] specimens of flowers, +Blumenarten+.

[16] To obtain a thing as present, +etwas geschenkt erhalten+.

[17] accumulated = collected. Where, and in what order, must the verbs be placed? Which voice must you use?—native, +heimisch+.

[18] +Exemplar+, n.; pl. +e+.

[19] +zusam´menstellen+, sep. comp. w. v.

[20] and the scientific names everywhere (+überall+) affixed (+hinzu´fügen+), sep. comp. w. v.

_Section 134._

THE GOSPEL OF WORK.

I.

Work, hard[1] work, is a blessing to[2] the soul and the character[3] of the man who works. Young men[4] may not think so. They[5] may say: “What[6] more pleasant than to have[7] one’s fortune made for one, and[8] have nothing more before one than to enjoy life? What[6] more pleasant than to be idle; or, at least, to do only what one likes, and no more than one likes?” But they would find themselves mistaken. They would find that idleness makes a man[9] restless, discontented, greedy, the[10] slave of his own lusts and passions, and see, too late, that no man[9] is more to be pitied than the man[11] who has nothing to do. Yes, thank[12] God, every morning, when you get up, that you have something to do that day which must be done, whether you like it or not. Being[13] forced to work, and forced to do your best, will breed in[14] you temperance and self-control, diligence and strength of will, cheerfulness and content, and _a_ (S. 132, N. 10) hundred virtues which the idle[15] man will never know.

[1] +schwer.+

[2] +für.+

[3] character = dignity. Turn ‘of — works’ by ‘of him (+dessen+) who (after which insert the adv. +da+) works.

[4] men = people, +Leute+. =When ‘people’ signifies ‘persons’ in the general sense of the word, it is mostly rendered by +Leute+. In the signification of ‘nation’ it is rendered by +Volk+, n., corresponding to the Latin ‘populus’ and the French ‘peuple’.= In the first signification, however, we can often translate it by the indefinite pronoun ‘+man+’, which also corresponds to the English ‘=they=’, ‘=we=’, ‘=you=’, used in a general and indefinite sense.

[5] = They say perhaps.

[6] +Was giebt es.+

[7] to have = to see; for one = by (+von+) others.

[8] Say ‘with no other task than to enjoy one’s life’?

[9] ‘=Man=’ is here used in the signification of ‘human being’, when it is generally rendered by ‘+=der Mensch=+’.

[10] Read S. 102, N. 13.

[11] Use the demonstrative pron. +derjenige+.

[12] When the Imperative of the 2nd pers. is used in a general application, we use it either in the 2nd pers. sing. or the 2nd pers. pl. Use the 2nd pers. sing. in this case.

[13] Being — best = The compulsion (+Zwang+, m.) to work (+zur Arbeit+) and the necessity to do your (= thy) best.

[14] Place ‘in you’ (= thee) after ‘virtues’, immediately before the infinitive ‘breed’ (= awaken, +erwecken+).

[15] the idle man, +der Müßiggänger+.

_Section 135._

THE GOSPEL OF WORK.

II.

The monks in olden times found it so[1]. When (S. 18, N. 6) they shut[2] themselves up from the world to worship God in[3] prayers and hymns, they found that [here follows the subject “they”], without working[4], without[5] hard work either of head or of hands, they could not[6] even be good men (S. 134, N. 9). The[7] devil came and[8] tempted them, they said, as often as they were[9] idle. An idle monk’s soul was lost, they used (S. 129, N. 6) to say, and they spoke truly. Though they gave[10] up a large portion of[11] every day, and of every night also, to[12] prayer and worship, (S. 27, N. 8) yet[13] they found [that] they could not pray aright without work.

And “working (S. 11, N. 7) is praying,” said one of the holiest of them that[14] ever lived; and he spoke truth (S. 3, N. 2); if[15] a man will but do his work for the sake of duty, which is for the sake of God.—CHARLES KINGSLEY.

[1] Turn ‘it so’ by ‘+das+’, which place at the head of the sentence, using the inverted construction and inserting the adv. ‘+auch+’ after the verb.

[2] to shut oneself up, +sich ab´schließen+, sep. comp. str. v. refl.

[3] durch; to worship, +verehren+.

[4] working = work.

[5] +ohne angestrengte Kopf- oder Handarbeit+.

[6] not even, +nicht einmal+.

[7] The words ‘They said’ are best placed at the head of this passage. To translate the verbs correctly, you must carefully read App. §§ 28 and 30.

[8] and tempted them = in order to tempt them.

[9] +wären.+

[10] ‘to give up’, here = to devote, +widmen+, with dat.

[11] of — also = of the day and of the night.

[12] +dem Gebet und den Andachtsübungen.+

[13] yet, +doch+, to be placed after the subject.

[14] who ever (+je+) has lived. How must the verbs be placed?

[15] Begin a new period here, and say: ‘When a man (S. 134, N. 9) does his work for the sake of (+um ... willen+, which governs the Gen.) his duty, (S. 27, N. 8) he does it (to agree with ‘duty’) for God’s sake’.

_Section 136._

DO NOT BE ASHAMED OF YOUR ORIGIN[1].

I.

General Bau, a German (S. 101, N. 1) officer in[1] the service of Russia, who had contributed much to the elevation of the great Catherine[2], had[3] orders to march to Holstein with a body of troops of which he had the command. He was a soldier of fortune, and no one knew either his family or his native place. One day (S. 19, N. 2), as he was encamped near[4] Husum, he invited the principal[5] officers to dinner. As they were sitting down to the table, they[6] saw a plain miller and his wife brought into the tent, whom[7] the general had sent his aide-de-camp to seek. The poor miller and his wife approached, trembling (S. 53, N. 12) with[8] apprehension. The general reconciled them to[9] their situation, and made[10] them sit down beside him to dinner, during which he asked[11] them a number of questions about their family.

[1] Origin, +Herkunft+, f.; in the service of Russia, +in russischen Diensten+.

[2] +~Katharina~+ I., +~Kaiserin von Rußland~, wurde am 15. April 1684 geboren und war die Tochter eines lithauischen Bauers, namens Samuel Skawronski. Im Jahre 1701 wurde sie die Gattin eines schwedischen Dragoners, fiel dann bei der Einnahme Marienburgs durch die Russen (1702) in die Hände des russischen Generals Scheremetjew, durch den sie zum Fürsten Menschikow und endlich zum Kaiser Peter dem Großen kam, der sich in sie verliebte und sich im Jahre 1707 heimlich mit ihr vermählen ließ. Ihr eigentlicher Taufname war ~Martha~, beim Übertritt zur griechisch katholischen Kirche erhielt sie jedoch die Namen Katharina Alexiewna. Im Jahre 1711 gelang es ihr, indem sie sich die Gunst des Großveziers zu gewinnen wußte, am Pruth das russische Heer durch List aus gefährlicher Lage zu befreien, worauf sie im Jahre 1712 von Peter dem Großen öffentlich als seine rechtmäßige Gemahlin anerkannt wurde. Sie wurde endlich im Jahre 1724 als Kaiserin feierlich gekrönt, als sie jedoch nach Peters des Großen Tode im Jahre 1725 auf Betrieb des Fürsten Menschikow als regierende Kaiserin ausgerufen wurde, überließ sie sich einer zügellosen Lebensweise und starb am 17. Mai 1727. Sie ward Mutter dreier Töchter, Katharina, Anna (Mutter Peters III.) und Elisabeth, der nachmaligen Kaiserin.+

[3] Say ‘had the order’; render ‘to march — command,’ liter. = with an under his command standing body of troops (+Truppencorps+, n.) to (S. 72, N. 4) Holstein to march.

[4] near = not far from, +unweit+.

[5] = first.

[6] = they saw that a simple miller and his wife were brought into the tent.

[7] +die der General durch seinen Adjutanten hatte holen lassen.+

[8] +vor+.

[9] +mit+.

[10] made them sit down, +ließ+ (or +hieß+, bade) +sie ... platz´nehmen+; beside him = on his side; to dinner, +beim Essen+.

[11] to ask a person numerous questions, +einem viele Fragen vor´legen+; about, +über+.

_Section 137._

DO NOT BE ASHAMED OF YOUR ORIGIN.

II.

The good man told him _that_ he was (App. § 28) the eldest son of a miller, and that he had two brothers in[1] a mercantile line and a sister. “But,” said the general, “had you[2] not another brother besides the two whom you have mentioned?” The miller told him he had another[3] brother, but[4] he went to the wars very young, and as[5] they had never heard of him, they supposed he was dead. The[6] general, reading (S. 16, N. 4) in the eyes of the officers that they were surprised at his entertaining himself so long with questioning the poor man, turned to them and said: “Gentlemen, you have always been curious to know from what family I sprung[7]; I now tell[8] you that I am not ashamed of my origin; that I am the brother of this honest miller; he has given you the history[9] of my family.” The general, after spending[10] (S. 55, N. 1) the day with his relations, in[11] the festivity of which his officers heartily joined, took measures to better their fortune[12].—ANECDOTES.

[1] in — line, +im Kaufmannsstande+.

[2] Translate ‘you’ by +Ihr+ in this address, and use the verb in the 2nd pers. pl., which at that time was the common address for people of the lower rank of society. Say ‘had you (+Ihr+) besides (+außer+) the two already mentioned brothers not yet another’?

[3] +noch einen.+

[4] +aber er sei sehr jung in den Krieg gezogen.+

[5] +da+; read S. 27, N. 8.

[6] Say ‘The general who read in the eyes of the officers their surprise (insert +darüber+), that he occupied himself so long with the questioning (+Ausfragen+, n.) of the poor man’.

[7] +stammen.+

[8] tell = say.

[9] family-history, S. 76, N. 22, _A_.

[10] To spend a day with one’s relations, +einen Tag in Gesellschaft seiner Verwandten verleben+.

[11] +bei welcher Festlichkeit sich die Offiziere herzlich beteiligten.+

[12] fortune = position.

_Section 138._

NOT NEAR ENOUGH YET.

There[1] is a popular report in the Brandenburg district, where Bismarck’s family has been so many centuries at home, which attributes to the Bismarcks, as the characteristic saying of the house, the phrase: “+Noch lange nicht genug+”—(Not near enough yet), _and_ which expresses[2], we[3] suppose, the popular[4] conception of[5] their tenacity of purpose—that[6] they were not tired out of any plan they had formed by a reiterated failure or a pertinacious opposition which would have disheartened most of their compeers. There[7] is a somewhat extravagant illustration of this characteristic in Bismarck’s wild, youthful days, if his biographer may be trusted. When studying[8] law at Berlin, he had been more than once disappointed[9] by a bootmaker who[10] did not send home his boots when they were promised. Accordingly[11] when this next happened, a servant of the young jurist appeared at the bootmaker’s at six in the morning (App. § 9) with the simple question: “Are Herr[12] von Bismarck’s boots ready?” When he was told they were not[13], he departed[14], but _at_ ten minutes past six another servant appeared, asking[15] the same question, and[16] so at precise intervals of ten minutes it went on all day, till by[17] the evening the boots were finished and[18] sent home.—EARLE, “THE PHILOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH TONGUE.”

[1] Say ‘In the province _of_ Brandenburg, where the family Bismarck for (+seit+) several centuries is at home (‘to be at home,’ here +ansässig sein+) there is (+existiert+) a popular (+volkstümlich+) report (+Sage+, f.) which, as _a_ characteristic saying (+Wahlspruch+, m.) attributes (+zu´schreiben+, with the dat.) to the Bismarcks the phrase (+Motto+, n.)’.

[2] +bezeichnet.+