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Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1

E-text prepared by Paul Murray, Richard Prairie, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team from images generously made available by the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at http://gallica.bnf.fr.

Chapters

4. Chapter 4

85. A disc of copper, twelve inches in diameter, and about one fifth of an inch in thickness, fixed upon a brass axis, was mounted in frames so as to allow of revolution either...

38. Chapter 38

1178. The preceding considerations already point to the following conclusions: bodies cannot be charged absolutely, but only relatively, and by a principle which is the same wit...

51. Chapter 51

1574. The very varied and beautiful phenomena produced by sheltering or enclosing the point, illustrate the production of the current exceedingly well, and justify the same conc...

7. Chapter 7

192. I hardly dare venture, even in the most hypothetical form, to ask whether the Aurora Borealis and Australia may not be the discharge of electricity, thus urged towards the...

46. Chapter 46

1412. Amongst other results, I expected and sought for the mutual affection, or even the lateral coalition of two similar sparks, if they could be obtained simultaneously side b...

6. Chapter 6

157. On using copper wires one sixth of an inch in thickness instead of the smaller wires (86.) hitherto constantly employed, far more powerful effects were obtained. Perhaps if...

33. Chapter 33

1037. This effect I was ultimately able to refer to the state of the film of fluid in contact with the zinc plate in cell i. The acid of that film is instantly neutralized by th...

39. Chapter 39

1205. As a final observation on the state of the apparatus, they should retain their charges well and uniformly, and alike for both, and at the same time allow of a perfect and...

36. Chapter 36

1126. In these experiments the new trough diminished in its energy much more rapidly than the one on the old construction, and this was a necessary consequence of the smaller qu...

15. Chapter 15

488. This theory implies that decomposition takes place at both poles upon distinct portions of fluid, and not at all in the intervening parts. The latter serve merely as imperf...

47. Chapter 47

1443. When air is said to be electrified, and it frequently assumes this state near electrical machines, it consists, according to my view, of a mixture of electrified and unele...

5. Chapter 5

125. But it is possible (though not necessary for the rotation) that _time_ may be required for the development of the maximum current in the plate, in which case the resultant...

2. Chapter 2

23. This deficiency of effect is not because the induced current of electricity cannot pass fluids, but probably because of its brief duration and feeble intensity; for on intro...

52. Chapter 52

1607. On connecting _b_ with the conductor of a powerful electrical machine, not the least disturbance of the level of the fluid over the end of the wire during the working of t...

17. Chapter 17

545. Many of the metals, however, in their solid state, offer very fair instances of the kind required. Thus, if a plate of platina be used as the positive pole in a solution of...

50. Chapter 50

1544. I will now notice a very remarkable circumstance in the luminous discharge accompanied by negative glow, which may, perhaps, be correctly traced hereafter into discharges...

29. Chapter 29

[A] It will I trust be fully understood, that in these investigations I am not professing to take an account of every small, incidental, or barely possible effect, dependent upo...

48. Chapter 48

1472. When the distinct negative and positive brushes are produced simultaneously in relation to each other in air, the former almost always has a contracted form, as in fig. 12...

8. Chapter 8

232. When an electrical current is passed through a wire, that wire is surrounded at every part by magnetic curves, diminishing in intensity according to their distance from the...

28. Chapter 28

906. A little nitric acid was added to the liquid in the vessel _r_, so as to make a mixture which I shall call diluted nitro-sulphuric acid. On repeating the experiments with t...

18. Chapter 18

575. A mixture of equal volumes of chlorine and hydrogen was used in several experiments, with plates prepared in a similar manner (570.). Diminution of bulk soon took place; bu...

19. Chapter 19

613. Dr. Fusinieri has also written on this subject, and given a theory which he considers as sufficient to account for the phenomena[A]. He expresses the immediate cause thus:...

54. Chapter 54

1665. The transverse power has a character of polarity impressed upon it. In the simplest forms it appears as attraction or repulsion, according as the currents are in the same...

55. Chapter 55

1701. This conclusion is founded on several considerations. Thus if we observe the insulating and conducting power of elements when they are used as dielectrics, we find some, a...

10. Chapter 10

311. I first repeated Wollaston's fourth experiment[A], in which the ends of coated silver wires are immersed in a drop of sulphate of copper. By passing the electricity of the...

20. Chapter 20

640. But when similar experiments were made with _olefiant gas_ (the platina plates having been made the positive poles of a voltaic pile (570.) in acid), very different results...

40. Chapter 40

1236. This effect was at once distinguished from that produced by the excited stem acting in curved lines of induction (1203. 1232.), by the circumstance that all the returned e...

26. Chapter 26

849. It is _probable_ that all our present elementary bodies are _ions_, but that is not as yet certain. There are some, such as carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon, boron, al...

12. Chapter 12

376. Hence it results that both in _magnetic deflection_ (371.) and in _chemical force_, the current of electricity of the standard voltaic battery for eight beats of the watch...

53. Chapter 53

1634. Hence, the section of a current compared with other sections of the same current must be a constant quantity, if the actions exerted be of the same kind; or if of differen...

32. Chapter 32

1005. The superiority of the amalgamated zinc is not, however, due to any such cause, but is a very simple consequence of the state of the fluid in contact with it; for as the u...

37. Chapter 37

1152. Again, ten pairs of my four-inch plates (1129.) lost 6.76 each, or the whole ten 67.6 equivalents of zinc, in effecting decomposition; whilst twenty pairs of the same plat...

3. Chapter 3

59. The only difference which powerfully strikes the attention as existing between volta-electric and magneto-electric induction, is the suddenness of the former, and the sensib...

14. Chapter 14

456. Experiments were then made both with sulphate of soda and iodide of potassium, to ascertain if any diminution of decomposing effect was produced by such great extension as...

22. Chapter 22

709. The third form of apparatus contains both electrodes in the same tube; the transmission, therefore, of the electricity, and the consequent decomposition, is far more rapid...

34. Chapter 34

1071. No change takes place in the quantity or intensity of the current during the time the latter is _continued_, from the moment after contact is made, up to that previous to...

13. Chapter 13

413. In almost all the instances, as yet observed, which are governed by this law, the substances experimented with have been those which were not only compound bodies, but such...

9. Chapter 9

266. Notwithstanding, therefore, the general impression of the identity of electricities, it is evident that the proofs have not been sufficiently clear and distinct to obtain t...

44. Chapter 44

1350. As an illustration of the condition of the polarized particles in a dielectric under induction, I may describe an experiment. Put into a glass vessel some clear rectified...

31. Chapter 31

980. A further proof of decomposition was obtained in the following manner. The platina wires in the fused chloride at _a_ were brought very near together (metallic contact havi...

41. Chapter 41

1264. The shell-lac was then removed from app. i. and put into app. ii. and the experiments of division again made. I give the results, because I think the importance of the poi...

30. Chapter 30

958. There are a few circumstances connected with the production of this spark by a single pair of plates, which should be known, to ensure success to the experiment[B]. When th...

42. Chapter 42

1296. But with regard to the _dielectrics_ or insulating media, matters are very different (1167.). Their thickness has an immediate and important influence on the degree of ind...

16. Chapter 16

517. _Judging from facts only_, there is not as yet the slightest reason for considering the influence which is present in what we call the electric current,--whether in metals...

24. Chapter 24

Acetate of soda fused and anhydrous is directly decomposed, being, as I believe, a true electrolyte, and evolving soda and acetic acid at the _cathode_ and _anode_. These howeve...

35. Chapter 35

1100. Thus all the phenomena tend to prove that the effects are due to an inductive action, occurring at the moment when the principal current is stopped. I at one time thought...

23. Chapter 23

744. These secondary results occur in two ways, being sometimes due to the mutual action of the evolved substance and the matter of the electrode, and sometimes to its action up...

27. Chapter 27

873. But admitting that chemical action is the source of electricity, what an infinitely small fraction of that which is active do we obtain and employ in our voltaic batteries!...

45. Chapter 45

1380. I have no need to remark upon the discharging or collecting power of flame or hot air. I believe, with Harris, that the mere heat does nothing (1367.), the rarefaction onl...

21. Chapter 21

[Since this paper was read, I have changed some of the terms which were first proposed, that I might employ only such as were at the same time simple in their nature, clear in t...

11. Chapter 11

344. _In motion_: i. _Evolution of Heat._--The current produced by magneto-electric induction can heat a wire in the manner of ordinary electricity. At the British Association o...

43. Chapter 43

1327. That in our attempts to penetrate into the nature of electrical action, and to deduce laws more general than those we are at present acquainted with, we should endeavour t...

49. Chapter 49

Another apparatus was occasionally used in connection with that just described, being an open discharger (fig. 132.), by which a comparison of the discharge in air and that in g...

25. Chapter 25

809. Immediately that the circuit was complete, the _electro-chemical action_ commenced in all the vessels. The hydrogen still rose in, apparently, undiminished quantities from...

1. Chapter 1

E-text prepared by Paul Murray, Richard Prairie, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team from images generously made available by the Bibliothèque nationa...

59. Chapter 59

Nascent state, its relation to combination, 658, 717. _Natural_ standard of direction for current, 663. ---- relation of electrolytic intensity, 987. _Nature of the electric_ cu...

56. Chapter 56

1734. It may be said that the state of _no lateral action_ is to static or inductive force the equivalent of _magnetism_ to current force; but that can only be upon the view tha...

58. Chapter 58

Earth, natural magneto-electric induction in, 181, 190, 192. _Elasticity of_ gases, 626. ---- gaseous particles, 658. _Electric_ brush, 1425. _See_ Brush, electric. ---- conditi...

57. Chapter 57

_Capacity, specific inductive_, 1252. ----. _See_ Specific inductive capacity. _Carbonic acid gas_ facilitates formation of spark, 1463. ----, brush in, 1461, 1476. ----, glow i...