Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Fleury, Claude" to "Foraker" Volume 10, Slice 5

Well-found British flour mills at the present time are probably the best fitted in the world, and as a whole have nothing to fear from comparison with their American competitors...

The game is played usually for one hour, or one hour and ten minutes, sometimes for one hour and a half. Each side defends each goal in turn for half the time of play. Of the fi...

FLORUS, Roman historian, flourished in the time of Trajan and Hadrian. He compiled, chiefly from Livy, a brief sketch of the history of Rome from the foundation of the city to t...

_Fencing Terms_ (not mentioned above): "_Cavazione_," Ital. for disengagement. "Contraction, Parries of," those which do not parry in the simplest manner, but drag the adverse b...

FONBLANQUE, ALBANY WILLIAM (1793-1872), English journalist, descended from a noble French Huguenot family, the Greniers of Languedoc, was born in London in 1793. John Grenier, a...

The duke of Cumberland placed himself at the head of the front line and gave the signal to advance. Slowly and in parade order, drums beating and colours flying, the mass advanc...

The manufactures of Florida, as compared with those of other states, are unimportant. Their product in 1900 was more than twice the product in 1890, and the product in 1905 (fro...

These various causes of fog-formation maybe considered with advantage in relation to the geographical distribution of fog. Statistics on this subject are not very satisfactory o...

English Rugby, introduced from Canada, was first played at Harvard University, and in 1875 a match under a compromise set of rules, taken partly from the Rugby Union and partly...

FLODDEN, or FLODDEN FIELD, near the village of Branxton, in Northumberland, England (10 m. N.W. of Wooler), the scene of a famous battle fought on the 9th of September 1513 betw...

It was now intended to re-establish the government on the basis of the old republican institutions, but it was found that sixty years of Medici rule had reduced them to mere sha...

_The Transverse Flute_ or _German Flute_ (Fr. _flute traversiere_, _flute allemande_: Ger. _Flote_, _Querflote_, _Zwerchpfeiff_, _Schweitzerpfeiff_; Ital. _flauto traverso_) inc...

FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Teut. _fleugan_, to fly), a designation applied to the winged or perfect state of many insects belonging to various orders, as i...

FLINT, or FLINTSHIRE (_sir Gallestr_), a county of North Wales, the smallest in the country, bounded N. by the Irish Sea and the Dee estuary, N.E. by the Dee, E. by Cheshire, an...

The curvature occasionally shows itself among horizontal or gently inclined strata in the form of an abrupt inclination, and then an immediate resumption of the previous flat or...

Another method, which Stokes found especially useful in examining different substances for fluorescence, was as follows. Two coloured media were prepared, one of which transmitt...

FLOOR (from O. Eng. _flor_, a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch _vloer_, and Ger. _Flur_, a field, in the feminine, and a floor, masculine), generally the lower...

The object of the purifier, a machine on which milling engineers have lavished much thought and labour, is to get away from the semolina and middlings as much impure matter as p...

[6] This continuity of the down into the up stroke and the converse is greatly facilitated by the elastic ligaments at the root and in the substance of the wing. These assist in...

By the treaty of Paris in 1763 Florida was ceded to England in return for Havana. The provinces of East Florida and West Florida were now formed, the boundaries of West Florida...

FLOYD, JOHN BUCHANAN (1807-1863), American politician, was born at Blacksburg, Virginia, on the 1st of June 1807. He was the son of John Floyd (1770-1837), a representative in C...

In the larger aerodrome (fig. 47) the aeroplanes were concavo-convex, narrow, greatly elongated and square at their free extremities, the two propellers, which were comparativel...

FOOLS, FEAST OF (Lat. _festum stultorum_, _fatuorum_, _follorum_, Fr. _fete des fous_), the name for certain burlesque quasi-religious festivals which, during the middle ages, w...

FLORIAN, SAINT, a martyr honoured in Upper Austria. In the 8th century Puoche was mentioned as the place of his tomb, and on the site was built the celebrated monastery of canon...

Florence possesses four important libraries besides a number of smaller collections. The _Biblioteca Nazionale_, originally founded by Antonio Magliabecchi in 1747, enjoys the r...

FLYSCH, in geology, a remarkable formation, composed mainly of sandstones, soft marls and sandy shales found extending from S.W. Switzerland eastward along the northern Alpine z...

While Tromlitz was struggling in Germany with the idea of augmenting the compass of the flute downwards by employing open keys for C[natural] and C[sharp], an Italian, Giovanni...

Foote's first appearance as an actor was made little more than two years after that of Garrick, as to whose merits the critics, including Foote himself, were now fiercely at war...

Fonts early began to be decorated with sculpture and relief. Arcading and interlacing work are common; so are symbol and pictorial representation. A very remarkable leaden font...

_Preservation by Chemicals._--Salt is the oldest chemical preservative and, either alone or in conjunction with saltpetre and with wood-smoke, has been used for many centuries,...

During the war the Eight had been practically rulers of the city, but now the _parte Guelfa_, led by Lapo da Castiglionchio and Piero degli Albizzi, attempted to reassert itself...

_The Lunge_ is the chief means of attack. It is immediately preceded by the movement of "extension," in fact the two really form one combined movement. Extension is executed by...

It was supposed at one time that the air sacs of birds contributed in some mysterious way to flight, but this is now known to be erroneous. The bats and some of the best-flying...

ARTICLE FLORENCE: "... while the new structures erected in their place, especially those in the Piazza Vittorio Emanuele, are almost uniformly ugly and quite out of keeping with...

1. _Rugby Union._--We have seen that from early times a rudimentary game of football had been a popular form of sport in many parts of Great Britain, and that in the old-establi...

FOLKESTONE, a municipal borough, seaport and watering-place of Kent, England, within the parliamentary borough of Hythe, 71 m. S.E. by E. of London by the South-Eastern & Chatha...

After Pettigrew enunciated his views (1867) as to the screw configuration and elastic properties of natural wings, and more especially after his introduction of spiral, elastic...

The way in which the natural wing rises and falls on the air, and reciprocates with the body of the flying creature, has a very obvious bearing upon artificial flight. In natura...

While the constitution was evolving in a manner which seemed to argue small political ability and no stability in the Florentines, the people had built up a wonderful commercial...

FONTANE, THEODOR (1819-1898), German poet and novelist, was born at Neu-Ruppin on the 30th of December 1819. At the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to a chemist, and after qua...

The figure-of-8 and kite-like action of the wing referred to lead us to explain how it happens that the wing, which in many instances is a comparatively small and delicate organ...

Regular gamopetalous corollas are sometimes _campanulate_ or _bell-shaped_, as in (_Campanula_) (fig. 60); _infundibuliform_ or _funnel-shaped_, when the tube is like an inverte...

Forms of inflorescence occur, in which both the definite and indefinite types are represented--_mixed_ inflorescences. Thus in Composite plants, such as hawk weeds (_Hieracia_)...

Occasionally, divisions take place in ovaries which are not formed by the edges of contiguous carpels. These are called _spurious dissepiments_. They are often horizontal, as in...

When bracts become united, and overlie each other in several rows, it often happens that the outer ones do not produce flowers, that is, are empty or sterile. In the artichoke t...

_Multiplication_, or an increase of the number of parts, gives rise to changes. We have already alluded to the interposition of new members in a whorl. This takes place chiefly...

The anthers dehisce at different periods during the process of flowering; sometimes in the bud, but more commonly when the pistil is fully developed and the flower is expanded....

FORAIN, J. L. (1852- ), French painter and illustrator, was born in 1852. He became one of the leading modern Parisian caricaturists, who in his merciless exposure of the weakne...