Dangerous trades

Potter, Earthenware, China Manufacture--Cutlers, Scissor-makers--File-cutters--Glassmakers--Copper-workers--Iron and Steel Workers--Zinc-workers--Lead-workers--Stone Quarriers--...

HEALTH IN THE MARINE SERVICE. By WILLIAM COLLINGRIDGE, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.S., D.P.H. (Camb.), _Medical Officer of Health, City of London, formerly (1880–1901) Medical Officer of...

Prime Movers--Steam Engines--Gas and Oil Engines--Other Prime Movers--Electrical Generators--Mill-Gearing--Mill-Gearing Construction--Access to Shafting--Fencing of Low Shafting...

Lead Mining and the Health and Surroundings of the Miner--Lead-smelting--Red Lead, Lead Oxide, Litharge, Massicot, Minium--White Lead: Carbonate of Lead (Céruse, _Fr._)--Lead Po...

Introduction--Historical--Mode in which Poisoning is brought about--Symptoms--Recovery from the Ore--Making of Thermometers--Incandescent Electric Lamps--Electrical Meters--Gold...

COPPER AND BRASS. By ROBERT M. SIMON, B.A., M.D. (Cantab.), F.R.C.P., _Physician, General Hospital, Birmingham; and_ SEYMOUR H. KNYVETT, M.A. (Oxon.), _one of H.M. Inspectors of...

THE EFFECTS OF DINITROBENZINE AND OTHER NITRO-SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTS OF THE AROMATIC SERIES ON THE WORKMEN EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HIGH EXPLOSIVES. By ROBERT PROSSER WHITE...

QUARRIES. By JOHN BROWN, M.D., D.P.H., M.O.H., _Borough of Bacup_; and T. N. KELYNACK, M.D., M.R.C.P., _London, Assistant Physician to Mount Vernon Hospital for Consumption and...

Introductory Remarks--The Le Blanc Process--Alkali Manufacture, other Methods--The Chemical Worker--Hours of Work in Alkali Manufacture--The Administration of the Alkali Act--Ou...

Diseases due to Occupations involving prolonged use or excessive strain of the Eyes, such as Nystagmus in Miners and others--Diseases due to Occupations involving the use of cer...

Silicate of Cotton--Upholsterers’ Occupation--Joiners and Carpenters: Workers in Sequoia Wood--Manufacture of Celluloid--Tobacco and Cigar Manufacture--Engine-Drivers and Railwa...

ANDERSON, ADELAIDE M. BALLANTYNE, A. BELL, JOHN HENRY, M.D. BROWN, JOHN, M.D., D.P.H. COLLINGRIDGE, WILLIAM, M.D., ETC. CUNYNGHAME, HENRY H., C.B. DEANE, LUCY A. E. DODD, JOHN R...

The commencement of the Twentieth Century finds us discussing problems and elaborating plans for the amelioration of the life of the people. The last few years have witnessed an...

“Now, since both the Ages of Antiquity and that we now live in shew Laws ... calculated for the good Order and Reputation of Tradesmen, ’tis but reasonable that Physick should c...

In the historical sketch of the development in England of factory and workshop hygiene, I have endeavoured to indicate the groundwork on which special regulations for dangers ar...

He who attempts to deal with the future of industrial legislation is confronted at the outset by two obstacles. The one is inherent in most endeavours which relate to prospectiv...

“What is not good for the bee-hive cannot be good for the bee.” A better appreciation of this truth and there had been less cause for this chapter. But in so grave a degree is a...

The half-time system is dying. The age of the full-timer in the mill or factory is being steadily raised. But as long as poverty exists children must feel the pinch of it. They...

To many persons the name home-work is synonymous with the idyllic term cottage industries, and this again calls up the picture of the model villager in the model village. The cl...

There is a limit to man’s power of doing work. This varies in different individuals. In an ordinary way work is conducive to health, and even under abnormal circumstances work i...

Having undertaken, at the invitation of the editor of the present work, to contribute a section on the mortality of occupations, I think it just to him and to my readers to prem...

That the constant inhalation of dust as a necessary condition of daily labour results sooner or later in the appearance of grave and characteristic lesions which lead to prematu...

+----------------------------------------- | | Mortality Figure. -------------------+-------------+-------------+------------- Occupation. | | Diseases of | Diseases of | Phthis...

+----------------+---------------------------------------+ | | | | | Mortality Figure. | | | | | Occupation. |-----------+-------------+-------------+ | | Phthisis. | Respirator...

+---------------------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+ | | Liver | Phthisis. | Respiratory | | | Diseases. | | Diseases. | +---------------------------+-----------+...

+---------------------------+-----------+-----------+-------------------+ | | Bright’s | Accident. | Disease and | | | Diseases. | | Accident together.| +-----------------------...

The soldier is liable, like other members of the community, to various diseases due to his occupation and surroundings, although at the present day the hygienic conditions of ba...

Although from time to time there have been energetic workers in the cause of marine sanitation, there is probably no other department in which the great advances in hygiene have...

There is not much to be said respecting the nature of the injuries sustained by those at work on railways. The occupation cannot be described as unhealthy. A very large proporti...

Amidst the variety of dangers which attend those who are employed in factories none occupies so prominent a position as that arising from machinery moved by mechanical power; ot...

(1) _Labourers._--The manifold occupations included under the general term of tilling the soil, exercises a beneficial effect on the husbandman as regards mere length of days, f...

This article is simply an attempt to apply expert knowledge to the practical purpose of safe-guarding those employed in electrical works. The writer was a member of the Home Off...

Were it not for dust, fume, or gas, there would be little or no disease due to occupation except such as might be caused by infection, the breathing of air poisoned by the emana...

+-----------+-----------+----------+ | Assistant | Female | Female | | Workers. | Printers. | Casters. | --------------------------------+-----------+-----------+----------+ Tub...

Many readers are probably not aware that there is such a recognised employment for women as the sifting and sorting of the refuse of our houses. Any one wishing to observe how t...

Of all the metals employed in the arts and industries, none lends itself to such general applicability as lead. In its metallic state it is so plastic that it can be readily mou...

The treatment of lead poisoning by electricity is based upon two distinct ideas. First, the use of the electrolytic effects of a current to eliminate the metal from the system;...

Arsenic is employed for colouring purposes in various arts and industries, and may produce injurious effects on the workers and on others who are exposed to the influence of the...

In all dusty trades pulmonary disease is the cause of death of large numbers of the workpeople. The manufacture of pottery is a dusty trade. Potters’ asthma and consumption have...

In the manufacture of steel by the Thomas Gilchrist or basic process, there is a large percentage of waste product, which is known by the name of basic slag. This, notwithstandi...

Workers engaged in crushing basic slag, in the breaking of certain rocks, in the manufacture of millstones, in stone-mason’s work and kindred occupations, are peculiarly liable...

In the Final Report of the Dangerous Trades Committee of the Home Office,[79] the subject of the building or making of millstones by a hard, flint-like stone known in the trade...

The process of grinding cutlery and other steel implements is conducted by a class of workmen known as “grinders.” Their trade is a highly specialised one, necessitating a long...

However useful phosphorus has been to man, its manipulation has been a constant source of danger. As there are two forms of phosphorus, so there are two kinds of matches: the _s...

_Introduction._--The number of industries and the number of persons coming into contact with mercury in this country is not large. Probably not more than 500 to 1000 persons are...

Peculiar lesions--erosion of the septum of the nose and the production of ulcers on the skin--are caused by bichromate of potassium or sodium. Erosion of the septum is found onl...

The two substances, the dangers to health attendant on the working of which form the subject of this chapter, present widely different features, both as regards their essential...

Indiarubber is used in the manufacture of waterproof garments, door-mats, toys for children, insulators of electric wires, tobacco pouches, etc. In the production of these artic...

There are about fourteen authorised explosives in use in the United Kingdom, all of which contain, more or less, naphthalene and the aromatic nuclei, benzine, toluene, either si...

+---+-------------+---------+--------+---------+-------+---------+--------------+ |No.| Sp. Gr. | Urea |Albumen.| Bile |Sugar. |Urobilin.|Dinitrobenzol.| | |Water = 1000.|per ce...

any person. The cleaning of such flues must be done automatically, or from the outside of the building. Cooling trays should be in a shed open on all sides to the external air....

The cleaning of gloves and stained garments by means of benzine is an occupation which gives employment to large numbers of people. In some dry-cleaning establishments naphtha a...

Inflammable paints have only come into use within the last twenty years. Known in the trade as _quickly drying, composite_ or _spirit_ paints, they are principally used for pain...

All details relating to the manufacture of coal-gas, water-gas, or oil-gas, and to the incidental risks both to the worker and the consumer, are well known, having been treated...

Flour-milling as conducted in this country a few decades ago was, despite the fact that most of the mills were situated in the country, an unhealthy industry. Flour millers died...

The industry of mining, touching as it does the boundaries of nearly every field of human activity, necessarily presents itself under so many and such different aspects, that th...

The air of mines of whatever kind is extremely liable to vitiation, the nature and extent of which is of considerable importance in relation to the health and safety of those wo...

_Introduction._--Man is essentially a builder, and Nature has prepared for him material in abundance and rich variety. Quarrying or stone-getting is an occupation of great antiq...

_Introductory Remarks._--Under the title of the chemical trades a very large number of industries must be included which vary widely in the conditions under which the manufactur...

+---------------+--------------------------------------------------+ | | Alkali. | | |----------------+----------------+----------------+ | | Revolver | Vat | | |Name of Works....

+---------------+---------------------------------+ | | Alkali. | | |----------------+----------------+ | | | Caustic | |Name of Works. | Carbonating. | Pots. | | +------+------...

+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | Bleach. | | |----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+ | | W...

+---------------+---------------------------------+----------------+ | | Sulphur. | | | |----------------+----------------+ Copper | | | Carbonator | Claus | Furnace | |Name of...

In the following pages I have made no attempt to scientifically discourse upon the composition and properties of explosive bodies, nor have I endeavoured, on the other hand, to...

The disease to which the term anthrax is at the present time usually applied, in this country, is fortunately of rare occurrence in man, mainly affecting, as it does, cattle, sh...

Wool has been woven into the industrial history of the world, and has been an important factor in the progress of nations from savagery to civilisation. In all ages, “flocks and...

Rags may be roughly divided into two distinct kinds: (1) cotton and linen rags; (2) woollen and partly woollen rags. The former are almost entirely used by the paper-maker, the...

The men who are employed in this branch of blanket making are a fine, stalwart set of fellows, broad-set, muscular, and well-coloured in complexion, the healthiest-looking workm...

The commercial fibre jute is obtained from the following species of Corchorus--_Corchorus Capsularis_, grown mostly in Northern, Central, and Eastern Bengal, and _Corchorus Olit...

which the jute was grown in Bengal might be rich in tetanus bacilli, and the incidence of tetanus on jute workers in Dundee therefore be attributable to spores brought over in t...

Thousands of women and girls are employed every week in the useful office of cleansing and making fresh the garments stained in the daily stress and toil of life, and the impres...

It would probably seem to the casual observer that of all industries in which women are employed, none are less likely to cause injury to health than those connected with fish....

Tinplates, the material of which canisters, tin boxes, etc., are made, are plates of iron or of steel, which have been dipped in baths of molten tin; the tin unites by this proc...

In the year 1896 the Dangerous Trades Committee appointed by the Home Office reported on the manufacture and bottling of aerated waters. As a result of this report this industry...

The manufacture of linen cloth from flax was well known to the ancient Egyptians and other Eastern nations. Reference to linen frequently occurs in the Celtic literature of Irel...

bark. The farmer next takes his flax to market, which is visited by the flax buyers from the various spinning mills, and after purchase conveyed to the store, examined and sorte...

Although the manufacture of cotton goods is or has been carried on under conditions to some extent injurious to health, yet there is no definite disease which can be traced to t...

+---------+------------+----------------+ | |Differences | Percentage of | | Age +expressed as| population of | | Period. |percentages.|Blackburn in the| | | |Cotton Industry.|...

+----------------------------+----------------------------+ | Winders and Warpers, etc. | Card-room Hands. | +-------+---------+----------+-------+---------+----------+ | | | Lu...

+----------------------------+ | Whole Borough. | +---------+----------+-------+ | | Lung | | |Phthisis.| Diseases | All | | |other than|Causes.| | |Phthisis. | | +---------+---...

The transformation of rabbit skins into felt hats is one of the most interesting of the many wonderful metamorphoses brought about by the manufacturer. Of a long series of acts...

Caisson disease, or compressed air illness, is a product of modern civilisation. It seizes labourers who are engaged in sinking mines, in excavating the beds of rivers to obtain...

Increased atmospheric pressure causes unpleasant and sometimes serious symptoms in divers and in caisson workers, but to an extremely rarefied atmosphere can also be traced effe...

It may be taken as a fact based upon experience, that artisans who are exposed to such loud noises as are made in hammering rivets suffer from deafness. Boilermakers and riveter...

In iron works the _blast furnacemen_ are exposed to very high temperatures. Passing rapidly from great heat to cold, they are prone to suffer from bronchial and pulmonary affect...

The subject to be discussed in this article is a very wide one. To treat all industrial occupations and the relations they bear to eye diseases and eye accidents would be imposs...

The name silicate of cotton is misleading, for the manufacture of this substance has nothing whatever to do with cotton. It is a fleecy, white substance, hence the name. The dan...

Under the head of occupation or fatigue neuroses it is customary to include affections characterised by spasm or paralysis of the muscles which prevent the individual performing...