Part 2 of table.

+---+-------------+---------+--------+---------+-------+---------+--------------+ |No.| Sp. Gr. | Urea |Albumen.| Bile |Sugar. |Urobilin.|Dinitrobenzol.| | |Water = 1000.|per cent.| |Pigments.| | | | +---+-------------+---------+--------+---------+-------+---------+--------------+ | 1 | 1029 | 2.6 | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | | 2 | 1030 | ... | ... | ... |Present| ... | Nil | | 3 | 1024 | ... | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | | 4 | 1021 | ... | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | | 5 | 1025 | ... | Nil | Nil | Nil | Present | Trace | | 6 | 1027 | 3.3 | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Faint trace | | 7 | 1026 | 2.9 | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Faint trace | | 8 | 1026 | 3.1 | Nil | Nil | Nil | Present | Nil | | 9 | 1022 | 3.0 | Nil | Nil | Nil | Present | Nil | |10 | 1022 | 2.8 | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | |11 | 1027 | 3.1 | Trace | Trace | Nil | Present | Nil | |12 | 1025 | 2.9 | Nil | Nil | Nil | Present | Nil | |13 | 1024 | 2.8 | Nil | Nil | Nil | Present | Nil | +---+-------------+---------+--------+---------+-------+---------+--------------+

Dinitrobenzine is a powerful narcotic poison. Death in acute cases is due to coma in man. Convulsions are frequently and generally observed in animals. It is a powerful disintegrator of the blood, and in dogs, cats, and rabbits causes oligocythemia, poikilocytosis, and hæmoglobinæmia. So great is the destruction of the blood corpuscles that Haldane attributes all the symptoms to the want of oxygen consequent on changes in the blood. In chronic poisoning men exhibit the features of a peripheral neuritis, although this point has not been confirmed by pathological investigation. Strassmann and Strecker (Friedreich’s _Blätter für gerichtliche Medizin_, 1896), in dogs, have obtained, by staining, degeneration of the lateral columns of the cord. They also found irritation and catarrh of the stomach and intestines, and after large doses small extravasations of broken-down blood-clot, with swelling and cloudiness of the mucous membrane of the stomach. There is also evidence of much tissue degeneration in the organs, probably fatty. In men, post-mortem, we find that the lividity entirely disappears, the skin becomes pale, and all the internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, and liver, are of a pale yellowish cast, and more friable than usual. The brain is of a dull pink colour, and the veins of the body, and especially the meninges, are filled with a thin, characteristically-fluid, black blood.

_Prognosis._--Prognosis in cases of poisoning by dinitrobenzine depends upon the amount absorbed, the time the men have been exposed to it, and their previous health. The headache and general malaise caused by small doses are usually recovered from in the course of a few days. A week’s absence from work enables the men to regain their usual energy, the appetite and urine becoming normal. Anæmia is a very persistent trouble. If the number of blood corpuscles becomes greatly decreased, it takes months to restore them. The peculiar dusky colour of the skin can be detected by those who are conversant with this symptom, even weeks after ceasing work. In cases of coma hours may elapse before consciousness returns. Recovery has taken place after insensibility lasting eight to twelve hours. In one fatal case consciousness returned after nearly sixteen hours’ insensibility, but death suddenly occurred half-an-hour afterwards, when the man was being raised quickly and carelessly from the recumbent position. Cases which are going to terminate fatally usually do so within twenty-four hours. Some months may elapse before muscular power is fully restored. The profound anæmia does not leave its mark permanently, it is eventually entirely recovered from when the workers are removed to other occupations. Workmen often affirm that after a time they become accustomed to the effect of the poison. This is not so, any more than individuals can become habituated to taking alcohol without being affected by it. In the early stages of employment the workers notice and complain of the effects of the poison, as it is new and strange to them; eventually they come to regard the symptoms as necessary to the work, and if slight, know from their own experience that, by more care in the manipulation, or absence from work, the symptoms will pass away. Any natural weakness is liable to be aggravated, and pre-existing anæmia will be made worse.

_Precautions._--With ordinary care the work is but slightly harmful, but without care it becomes immediately dangerous. The higher the percentage of dinitrobenzine used the greater the risk and the necessity for care. The dinitrobenzine used should be, as far as possible, chemically pure. We find a small admixture of mononitrobenzine makes it more dangerous to manipulate (_Lancet_, August 31, 1901). Commercial dinitrobenzine is a deadly poison, however introduced into the system. All precautions have for their object the prevention of poisonous quantities gaining access to the system, by the dilution of the poison, and the avoidance of personal contact. Works should be situated in the country. At the erection of the different houses, much attention should be given to their construction and arrangement. Each should be well isolated; not opening one into the other, nor contiguous to another building. Each should be surrounded by a plentiful air space, and have ample ventilation. Every house should be provided with a lantern roof, containing rain-proof windows easily opened and closed. The window space must be ample, and all windows capable of being freely opened or entirely taken out. It is often necessary to regulate the draught, and on windy days removing the windows on the lee side will permit a free current of air, and ample exit of the fumes, dust, and heat generated. No house should be overcrowded with machinery, and the different processes should be conducted as far as possible in separate buildings. All vessels, melting pots, cooling trays, or pans containing a heated compound must be provided with efficient and well-fitting covers, with flues leading from them to the outside air. The floors, tables, covers of pans, ledges, canisters, etc., in all the houses are to be kept clean and free from dust, the powdered compound, and manufactured explosive; and no utensils or useless articles are to be allowed in the houses. Canisters containing the powder must be kept closed with a well-fitting