Chapter 3).

A few houses by McKim, Mead & White of the early eighties are definitely _François I_, and Richardson used _François I_ dormers, probably independently of Hunt, on the Albany Capitol. Moreover, the round towers of the ‘Shingle Style’ undoubtedly owe something to Stanford White’s sketching trips in France. This episode obviously parallels the interest in revived Northern Renaissance modes of design in Germany, Holland, and Scandinavia in these decades, and has analogies also to the contemporary work in England of George & Peto and Collcutt (see Chapters 9 and 12).

Footnote 288:

In the designing of the Sherman house—particularly in the Shavian detailing—White had probably played an important part; he was, moreover, called on by the Shermans to enlarge the house in 1881. The library, of this date, is one of his finest pieces of interior decoration.

Footnote 289:

One of the earliest examples of the serious study of Colonial precedent is Arthur Little’s _Early New England Interiors_, Boston, 1878. However, his own work remained relatively free for some years.

Footnote 290:

See _Building News_, 28 April 1882.

Footnote 291:

These tiles wore out some years ago and have now been replaced. The smooth black roof seen on Plate 111 lacks the fine scale and rich texture the pantiles provide.

Footnote 292:

The conceptual organization of the exterior has seemed to most critics to have been borrowed from a much later monument, Henri Labrouste’s Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève in Paris of the 1840s, even though McKim would not admit it. There is certainly none of Labrouste’s exposed metalwork in the interior; but the extensive use of Guastavino tile vaults, at this time a real technical innovation, is worth noting.

Footnote 293:

See Burnham, D. H., _World’s Columbian Exposition_, Chicago, 1894, and Ives, H., _The Dream City_, St Louis, 1893.

Footnote 294:

The area round the ‘Wooded Isle’ was much less regular than that round the Lagoon in continuance of Olmsted’s earlier and more naturalistic sort of landscaping. Into this area were shunted most of the buildings by local architects, doubtless because McKim distrusted their capacity to conform to the academic standards he was setting.