Anatomy of the Cat

5. Follow the common carotid artery (p. 283) and internal jugular vein (p. 320). Find the division of the common carotid into its terminal branches and then dissect its lateral...

The teeth (p. 224). These should be studied on a skull in which the roots of the teeth have been laid bare by means of the bone-forceps, as in Figs. 93 and 94.

11. The transversus thoracis (p. 151). To see this muscle, which lies on the inner surface of the thoracic wall, it is necessary to cut through the ribs on one side one or two i...

The attacks of the mould present a difficulty not so easily overcome. As long as the specimens are in daily use for dissection, and exposed parts kept covered with cloths satura...

_Relations._--Outer surface with the medial head of the gastrocnemius (Fig. 91, _k_) and with the superficial fascia. Inner surface with the tibialis posterior (Fig. 91, _o_). M...

_Origin_ on the medial surface of the concha, just caudad of the proximal end of the tragus. The fibres pass distad to be inserted on the auricular cartilage at the caudal angle...

There is much variation as to the formation of the common iliac veins and their union to form the vena cava. On this subject the paper by McClure, in the _American Naturalist_,...

The kidneys of the cat are compact (i.e., not lobulated) and have the usual kidney or bean form. They lie in the abdominal cavity, one on either side of the vertebral column, ag...

The pterygoid process (_c_) is a nearly square, thin plate of bone. The medial surface is smooth and concave, the lateral face is convex and marked by two parallel ridges. The m...

The size of the great omental sac is increased by the =lesser omentum=. This is a double sheet of peritoneum which stretches horizontally from the liver to the duodenum and the...

=Ligamentum supraspinale.=--Between the tips of the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebræ extend ligamentous fibers. They are not united to form a distinct band,...

2. =The Eyelids. Palpebræ.=--The eyelids are two thin folds which protect the eye. Externally they are covered with hair; internally by the thin membranous =conjunctiva=. The ey...

_Insertion_ of which is into the medial surface of the femur on the medial epicondyle, at the middle of its distal border and into the adjacent medial surface of the tibia behin...

_Insertion_ into the caudal side of the mastoid process of the temporal bone and into a line parallel with the lambdoidal ridge and ventrad of it, from the mastoid process to wi...

_Origin_ by fleshy fibres from the ventral or lateral surfaces of the bases of the metacarpals. Near the distal end of the metacarpal each divides into two masses which pass ont...

There remain to be considered, in addition to the bones, the =cartilaginous= framework of certain parts of the nose, and the =mucous membrane=. The lamina perpendicularis is con...

B. =A. mesenterica superior= (Fig. 126, _d_).--The superior mesenteric artery is larger than the cœliac. It supplies the blood to the small intestines and caudal portion of the...

The veins of the body may be classified into three main groups: (1) the veins of the heart; (2) the superior vena cava and its branches; (3) the inferior vena cava and its branc...

The lateral surface (dorsal surface of human anatomy) (Fig. 44) is divided by the spine (_g_) into two portions. The portion of the scapula craniad of the spine and the cranial...

_a_, body; _b_, frontal process; _c_, infraorbital foramen; _d_, elevation for root of canine tooth; _e_, canine tooth; _f_, first premolar; _g_, second premolar; _h_, third pre...

_Urogenital Sinus_ (_n_).--The =urogenital sinus= extends from the caudal end of the vagina (_m_) to the external opening, which is situated ventrad of the anal opening. It is a...

=The Wrist.=--At the wrist or carpus there are in reality three joints, the first between the radius and ulna proximad and the first row of carpals distad, the second between th...

Craniad the pharynx continues, usually, without break into the cavity lying dorsad of the soft palate. But at the time of swallowing the free edge of the soft palate is pushed d...

_Origin_ from the middle line of the neck dorsad of the atlas, and from the sagittal crest for about one centimeter craniad of the external occipital tubercle. The fibres form a...

The great dorsal mass running along each side of the vertebral column, occupying the space between the spinous processes and the transverse processes, receives the general name...

_Ligaments of the Pelvis._--The ilium and sacrum are articulated at the auricular facet of the ilium and the corresponding rough surface of the sacrum. The joint is an amphiarth...

On the right side the iliopsoas, psoas minor, and quadratus lumborum have been removed. The symphysis pubis has been split and the two parts divaricated, to show the pelvic cavi...

=Internal Structures of the Cerebrum.=--The cavity of each of the cerebral hemispheres is known as a =lateral ventricle=. The two lateral ventricles constitute the _first_ and _...

On the dorsal face of each lamina at its cranial border is a smooth oval area, the =cranial articular facet= (superior articular facet of human anatomy) (Figs. 2 and 3, _h_). It...

_I_, olfactory bulbs; _II_, cerebral hemispheres; _III_, cerebellum; _IV_, medulla. _a_, præsylvian sulcus; _b_, cruciate sulcus; _c_, sulcus ansatus; _d_, coronal sulcus; _e_,...

_Insertion_ by a short tendon into the ridge which forms the ventral limit of the groove on the outer surface of the styloid process of the radius and upon the adjacent ligaments.

_Relations._--Outer surface with the cutaneus maximus at its medial end, with the pectoralis minor (_o_) at its distal end. Inner surface with the external oblique (Fig. 68, _p_...

The precise arrangement of the different strands is somewhat variable. The plexus is commonly made up in approximately the following manner (Fig. 159). From the =fifth= cervical...

The pulmonary artery passes craniodorsad and slightly to the left from the cranial end of the conus arteriosus. One to one and a half centimeters from the conus it divides into...

_Insertion_ by fleshy fibres into the ventral surface of the external pterygoid and its tendon, into the medial surface of the angular process of the mandible and caudad of the...

The =pedunculi cerebri= (peduncles of the cerebrum) form the ventral part of the midbrain. They appear in a ventral view of the entire brain (Fig. 138) as two broad tracts of fi...

=A. basilaris= (_c_).--This arises by the union of the two vertebral arteries in the manner just described. It passes craniad along the ventral middle line of the medulla and po...

_d._ =N. pterygoideus.=--One or more pterygoid branches pass to the pterygoid muscles. A small twig from the nerve to the internal pterygoid passes into the tympanic cavity and...

The cranial portion of the dorsal surface is formed by the maxillary (8), nasal (7), and premaxillary bones (9). Just craniad of the nasals, bounded ventrad and craniad by the p...

The ventral ramus of the first cervical (p. 385) will be found emerging from beneath the wing of the atlas, a little distance craniad of the second (Fig. 156, _j_). Trace it. To...

Pads of feet, 427 Palate, hard, 56, 222 muscles, 230; dissection, 451 soft, 222, 229 Palatine arteries, 290 bones, 45 canal, anterior, 41; posterior, 45, 46, 54, 56 foramen, ant...

Although the cat has long been in common use for the practical study of mammalian anatomy, a clear, correct, not too voluminous account of its structure, such as should be in th...

_Origin_ (Fig. 76, _e_) by a sheet of tendinous fibres from the glenoid border of the scapula beginning about one-fifth the length of the border from the glenoid fossa and exten...

Labial arteries, 286 veins, 321 Labia oris, 221 Labrum glenoidale, 87 Labyrinth, 424, 425 Labyrinths of ethmoid, 42, 43 Lachrymal apparatus, 410 bone, 46 canal, 40, 54, 410 glan...

Cæcum, 238 Calf of leg, muscles of, 203 Calcaneometatarsalis, M., 215, 445 Calcaneus, 82, 83 Callosal sulcus, 362 Canal, alimentary, 221 anterior palatine, 41 condyloid, 24, 58...

III. Respiratory Organs 243 1. Nasal Cavity 243 2. Larynx 246 Cartilages of the Larynx 247 Muscles of the Larynx 249 3. Trachea 251 4. Lungs 252 Thyroid Gland 254 Thymus Gland 254