Part 170
_Worm of a_ GUN, (_Tire-bourre_, _Fr._) An instrument vermiculated or turned round, that serves to extract any thing into which it insinuates itself by means of a spiral direction. It is much the same as wad-hook, with this difference, that the one is more proper for small-arms, and the other for ordnance.
_To_ WORST. To defeat, to overthrow.
WORSTED. Defeated; put to the rout.
WORTHY. A man particularly distinguished, more especially for his valor, as the worthies of antiquity.
WREATH _of victory_. The garland or chaple, of triumph. See TRIUMPH.
WRESTLER. One who contends in wrestling.
WRESTLING. A contest for ascendancy of bodily strength; as when two wrestlers attempt to throw each other down. It was in great vogue among the Olympic games.
WRONG. An injury; a designed or known detriment; not right, not justice.
WRONGS. We have already observed under the article _Rights_, that although they are not specifically mentioned or described in the mutiny bill, they nevertheless exist in military life. Every officer and soldier possesses rights, and when either is wronged he is authorized to seek for redress. In the articles of war, it is expressly laid down, that if any officer shall think himself to be wronged by his colonel, or the commanding officer, of the regiment, and shall upon due application made to him, be refused to be redressed, he may complain to the general commanding, in order to obtain justice; who is required to examine into such complaint; and either by himself or by the secretary at war, to make his report. It will be observed, that officers may be peremptorily dismissed the service without trial or investigation.
If any inferior officer, non-commissioned officer, or soldier shall think himself wronged by his captain, or other officer commanding the troop or company to which he belongs, he is to complain thereof to the commanding officer of the station or regiment.
WUHAH, _Ind._ Sandals.
WULANDA, or WULANDEZ, _Ind._ The Dutch are so called in India.
X.
XEBEC, (_Chébec_, _Fr._) A sort of armed vessel, with lateen sails, which is used in the Mediterranean.
XENOPHON. A Greek general who has rendered his name immortal by a well-conducted retreat; and is equally celebrated for good military maxims, which are still extant in his Cyropœdia.
XERIFF. A prince, or chief ruler in Barbary is so called.
XERXES. A king of Persia, son of Darius, and grandson of Cyrus. This monarch has been rendered notorious in history, by the extravagance of his preparations to invade Greece, and his ultimate failure; which latter may be attributed to the undisciplined state of his army, and to the presumption of his general Mardonius. He entered the Hellespont with so numerous a fleet, that it covered its surface between the two lands. The number he embarked exceeded 1,000,000 men, who were entirely defeated by 40,000 well-disciplined troops from Greece.
XYSTARCHA. In antiquity, the master and director of the Xystus.
In the Greek Gymnasium, the Xystarcha was the second officer, and the Gymnasiarcha the first; the former was his lieutenant, and presided over the two Xysti, as well as over every species of exercise that was practised therein.
XYSTER. An instrument used by surgeons to scrape and shave bones with.
XYSTUS. Among the ancients, a long portico, open or covered at the top, where the athletæ practised wrestling and running: the gladiators who exercised therein, were called Xystici.
Among the Romans, the xystus was only an alley, or double row of trees, meeting like an arbor, and forming a shade to walk under; so that, in this sense, it might be considered as an open walking place, where the Romans entertained one another.
Y.
YACHT, (_Yacht_, _Fr._) This word is taken from the Dutch. It is a small ship with one deck, carrying four, eight, or twelve guns, and thirty or forty men. Yachts, in general, are from 30 to 160 tons; contrived and adorned both within side and without, for carrying state passengers. They answer the purposes of business as well as pleasure, being remarkable good sailers.
YADDASHT, _Ind._ A memorandum.
YEHOODY, _Ind._ A Jew.
YEOMAN. The French use this word when they allude to the yeomen of the guards. In a general acceptation of the word among us, yeoman signifies a free man, who has land of his own.
YEOMAN _of the guard_. One belonging to a sort of foot guards, who attend at the British king’s palace. The yeomen were uniformly required to be six feet high. They are in number 100 on constant duty, and 70 off duty. The one half wear arquebuses, and the other pertuisans. Their attendance is confined to the king’s person, both at home and abroad. They are clad after the manner of king Henry VIII., and are commonly known by the name of the _beefeaters_.
The yeomen of the guards were anciently 250 men of the next rank under gentry. This corps was first instituted by king Henry VII. anno. 1486.
YEOMANRY. The collective body of yeomen. In this class may be considered men of small landed property, independent farmers, &c.
YESAWUL, _Ind._ A state messenger; a servant of parade, who carries a gold or silver staff; an aid-de-camp.
YETESAB, _Ind._ An officer who regulates the weights.
YOG, _Ind._ Junction, or union.
YIELD. See SURRENDER.
YOUNGER _regiment_, is that which was last raised. See SENIORITY.
YOUNGER _officer_, is he whose commission is of the latest date; and according to these rules, regiments and officers are posted and commanded. See SENIORITY.
YOUNGSTERS. A familiar term to signify the junior officers of a troop or company. The word youngster is likewise used in the navy. The French say _mousse_ in naval phraseology.
Z.
ZAAT, _Ind._ Division of people into tribes or sects.
ZAGAIE, _Fr._ A weapon made in the form of a long dart, which the Moors make use of in battle, and which they cast with extreme dexterity.
ZAIMS. Principal leaders or chiefs; after whom a mounted militia which they support and pay is called among the Turks.
ZAYM, _Ind._ A feudal chief, or military tenant.
ZEAL. More than common ardor for the good of the service.
ZEBANBUNDY, _Ind._ A deposition.
ZEINAUB, _Ind._ A term of distinction used to persons of rank or eminence.
ZEMEEN, _Ind._ Ground.
ZEMEENDAR, _Ind._ A person who holds a tract of land in his own right.
ZEMEENDARY, _Ind._ The lands of a zemeendar.
ZENITH, _Zenith_, _Fr._ The point or vertex in the heavens directly over one’s head. If we conceive a line drawn through the observer and the centre of the earth, which must necessarily be perpendicular to the horizon, it will reach to a point among the fixed stars called the zenith.
The zenith is directly opposite to the Nadir; one above our heads, and the other below our feet.
ZERAKET, _Ind._ Agriculture.
ZERB, _Ind._ A blow; a stroke.
ZERB SHALLAAK, _Ind._ A blow given with a stick.
ZIG-ZAG, _Fr._ A term used in mechanics. The working beams or balances which give motion to the several pumps to throw the water up from the river to the hill at Marly, near Paris, form a sort of zig-zag.
ZIG-ZAGS, in fortification, are trenches or paths with several windings, so cut, that the besieged are prevented from enfilading the besieger in his approaches.
ZIMRA, _Ind._ A certificate.
ZINDIGEE, _Ind._ Grain, cattle, lands, plantations.
ZIYAMUT, _Ind._ A fief bestowed for military services.
ZULLUM, _Ind._ Violence; oppression.
ZUROOREAT, _Ind._ Necessaries.
THE END.
Transcriber’s Notes
General
Depending on the hard- and software used to read this text and their settings, not all elements may display as intended.
The text in this e-text is that used in the source document. English nor non-English words and phrases have been corrected, unless mentioned under Changes below. This also applies to misspellings, unusual, archaic and obsolete spellings (of proper and geographical names as well), the mixing-up of languages, dubious and wrong translations, and to the use (or absence) of accents and diacriticals in French and German words. Inconsistencies in capitalisation and typography (also of keywords) have not been rectified, except as listed below. Missing words have been added only when indicated below. Errors (also in calculations), repetitions, contradictions and inconsistencies in contents, data, definitions, etc. have not been corrected or otherwise addressed, unless mentioned below. Errors and inconsistencies in the alphabetical order of (sub-)keywords have not been corrected; for the alphabetical sort order, I and J, and occasionally Y, appear to be considered the same letters, as are U and V. The book uses decimal commas, (high and low) decimal points and spaces to separate integers and decimals. The use of multiple quote marks in multi-paragraph quotes has not been standardised.
In some tables dashes may indicate lack of data and/or they may be used as a ditto symbol: it is not always clear what the author intended. The author or printer have abbreviated many words and phrases in the tables to fit the width they had available (the source document was printed in two rather narrow columns); these abbreviations have been kept unchanged (apart from the insertion of periods or apostrophes etc.) unless mentioned below. Where column headers, units etc. are not present in this e-text, they were lacking in the source document as well. Some digits have been replaced with a question mark ? because the data were illegible in the source document and could not be verified through other sources.
Internal references
Internal references (for example, See ...) do not always provide relevant or additional information. Some articles that are not referred or linked to may provide more information than the articles that are referred to. Some of the text contains reference letters that appear to refer to illustrations; such illustrations are not present in the source document, with the exception of those on pages 123 and 124.
The source document contains the following references to non-existing or irrelevant articles: Page 54, See Curb; Page 79, See Instruments; Pages 110 and 112, See Cutlass; Pages 112, 145, 203, 276, See Sword Exercise and page 333, See Sword-Exercise; Page 113, See Encyclopoedia; Page 116, see Drum-Out; Page 117, See Spoils; Page 119, See Disorder; Page 136, See Enlistment; Page 138, See Contractor; Page 139, reference to Conserves; Page 140, see Spy; Page 149, See Atchievement; Page 154, See Lights; Pages 229, 472, 528, See Jets de Feu; Page 254, See Acid (Muriatic, oxigenized); Page 263, See Border la Haye; Page 266, See Ginguet; Page 289, See Inclination; Page 308, See Articles of War, section XIX; Page 310, See Junction and See Priming Irons; Pages 313, 559, See Quay; Page 368, See Plotting; Page 467, See Mute; Page 470, See Livery; Page 497, See Fleece; Page 505, See Parabolic Conoid; Page 507, See Park; Page 509, See Watering; Page 537, See Polygraphy; Page 564, reference to exterior ... radius; Page 583, See Bond; Page 649, See Intrenching Tools; Page 702, See Spun Hay; Page 705, See Waggon-Master; Page 708, See Avant courier; Page 718, See Sonnette.
Other remarks
Various pages, Durtubie: probably (Théodore) d’Urtubie, author of the Manuel de l’Artilleur.
Page 43, Gros Jegerndorff: probably Groß Jägerndorff.
Page 51, Battle of Spaudau: possibly an error for Battle of Spanden.
Page 90, Thus -3, is 8 times less than nothing: possibly an error for Thus -8, is 8 times less than nothing.
Page 91, < or ⫎ are signs of minority: the symbol ⫎ as given in this e-text is an upside-down rendition of the symbol as printed in the source document.
Page 91, Characters in fire-works: the characters as given in this text are used to represent the shape of the characters in the source document rather than the actual characters.
Page 91, Thus 40°, 55′, 18″, 55‴, is read 40 degrees, 35 minutes: as erroneously printed in the source document.
Page 116, being divided into 60″ seconds: the repeated units (″ and seconds) are as printed in the source document.
Page 120, table Diameters of the shots ...: the missing digit (second row 3, column 4) is probably 5 (6.541).
Page 121, table Diameters of the bullets ..., row 1, column 0: the value .715 is likely to be incorrect; the missing digit in row 1, column 1 is probably 7 (.751).
Page 185, Alain Marrison Mallet: probably Alain Manesson Mallet.
Page 224, Supplément aux Rêveries de ce Mar: the title of the work is Supplément aux rêveries du Maréchal de Saxe.
Page 318, 2 sticks of about 5.5 feet long, and 1-5 inches square: the author may have intended 1 to 5 inches square or ¹⁄₅ inches square.
Page 323, Maria Parcia lex appeared in 1691: probably an error for ... appeared in 691 (see the other years mentioned in this context).
Page 338, “At the same time of the year: the closing quote mark is lacking.
Page 396, “It has already been shewn with what obstinacy: there is no closing quote mark.
Page 414, Grouda: probably an error for Gouda.
Page 417, kanen (two bottom rows Dresden in table Liquid Measure): probably an error for kanne; 953 (same table, row Florence, barile wine measure) possibly an error for 9,53.
Page 439, Table of the quantity of powder required ..., bottom line (Rock): item number 9 is probably an error for item number 6.
Page 446-447, In order to the attainment ... the following tables are subjoined: the fourth through tenth tables are not included under this keyword; the tables referred to appear to be present elsewhere in the book (under Weights and under Measures).
Page 450, table Gold Coins, entries France (40 and 20 franc piece) and Geneva: the two values 2²⁄₅ cover three rows (the last two rows for France and the row for Geneva), but are assumed to belong to the rows for France’s 20 and 40 franc pieces.
Page 474, entry Naumachiæ, ... may probably lead to great na- exertions: some text appears to be missing. A contemporary book (Charles James, A New and Enlarged Military Dictionary ..., 2nd Edition, London 1805) has ... may probably lead to great naval exertions.
Page 496-497, Brigade Orders, orders which are issued by the generals commanding, through the brigade majors, to the several adju- corps that do duty together, or are brigaded: there is some text missing. Contemporary books (e.g., Charles James, An Universal Military Dictionary, London, 1816) have ... Brigade Orders, orders which are issued by the generals commanding, through the brigade majors, to the several adjutants of regiments, for the government of corps that do duty together, or are brigaded.
Page 499: Keyword Ostage: possible error for Otage.
Page 509, Hâter le Pas, Fr. to slacken your pace; to go slower: actually means the opposite: to increase your speed; to go faster.
Page 518, Penal, (Pénale, ale, Fr.): possibly intended to read Penal, (Pénal, -ale, Fr.).
Page 524, Pied de Roi and Pied Quarré, one hundred and forty lines and one hundred and forty inches errors for one hundred and forty four lines and inches respectively.
Page 525, a triangular square, or a rectangle: probably an error for a triangle, a square, or a rectangle;
Page 525, table Triangular Piles of Shot: as printed in the source document, though there are several mistakes in the numbers given, nor do the numbers agree with the formula as given in the text that follows the table.
Page 532, Il lui planter sa poltronnerie au nez: planter is an error for a past or perfect tense.
Page 537, polkowink: possibly an error for pułkownik.
Page 539, Porstick method: possibly an error for Poristic method.
Page 554: the symbol ╳ has been used merely to represent the shape of a large cross.
Page 600, given for good performed: one or more words appear to be missing.
Page 606, General Table of Sky Rockets: the meaning of the values in the row Mallet for driving may be intended to read 3lb. 8oz. etc.
Page 629, “This term does not come from serviens: the closing quote mark is absent.
Page 646, A five heures Sonnantes, Fr.: as printed in the source document.
Page 692, exercise of mock battle formerly practised: possibly an error for exercise or mock battle formerly practised.
Page 698, Where such barbarity is the costume: probably an error for Where such barbarity is the coutume or coûtume.
Page 704, “The Turks are a nation: there is no closing quote mark.
Page 705/706, We have already remarked under Table d’Officiers, ... it was strictly forbidden: the prohibition is not mentioned in the article referred to.
Page 745, the windage of a nine-pounder will be 166 of an inch: as printed; 166 is possibly intended to be a fraction (¹⁄₆?).
Changes made to the text
General remarks
Footnotes, tables and illustrations have been moved outside text paragraphs.
Several obvious minor typographical and punctuation errors (including missing and incorrect punctuation) have been corrected silently when this correction would not change the meaning of the text. Some dashes that were used to fill out justified text in the source document’s narrow columns have been removed. Several erroneously repeated words have been deleted.
In some of the tables, ditto marks (or blank spaces, periods and dashes etc. acting as such) have been replaced with the dittoed text or data. Some tables and table entries have been split or otherwise re-arranged for better readability.
Global changes and standardisations
In the source document some of the keywords are printed on top of each other, with braces combining them:
KEYWORD1,} Explanatory text. KEYWORD2,}
Where possible, this presentation has been standardised to the usual in-line lay-out for this text document:
KEYORD1, KEYWORD2, Explanatory text.
The indications of the source language and their italics mark-up have been standardised (Fr. to _Fr._, etc.); cheval- and chevaux-de-frize (and variants) have been standardised to cheval-de-frize and chevaux-de-frize (with otherwise unchanged spelling); seige(s) has been standardised to siege(s); frustrum(s) was standardised to frustum(s). A period has been added after the Roman ordinal in regnal names etc. where this was not present. Various ways in which numerical fractions (for example, 1/2, 1-2, ½) were printed have been standardised to ¹⁄₂.
Individual changes
Page etc. Source document This text
v a class of beings which a class of beings of which
1 ---- Start letter A inserted
20 translated from the Aide Momoire translated from the Aide Mémoire
29 The piece itself weighs 42 50 The piece itself weighs 42-50 pounds pounds
39 exigencies of state they require exigencies of state that require
47 Battle of Maubege, Cobourg Battle of Maubeuge, Cobourg Austrian Austrian
48 1795. Battle of Bonnel 1795. Battle of Bommel
51 Action at Unberhausen Action at Ungerhausen
52 Battre de’écharpe Battre d’écharpe
59, table Weight when filled ---- footnote anchor [7] inserted in bottom row of table
68 3597270 .3597270
one-twenty-eighth of a pound one twenty-eighth of a pound
70 by the testimony of four by the testimony of four gentlemen! officers’ sons, gentlemen. Officers’ sons, however, however,
Caisson, in military affairs, as Caisson, in military affairs, is a wooden frame or chest a wooden frame or chest
battre la Tambour battre le Tambour
72, table Distribution of the depth of a camp brace covers rows To the staff brace covers rows To the first officers through To the front of row of batmen’s tents through To the grand sutler’s tent the front of the grand sutler’s tent
81 See Aigremone See Aigremore
83 2 spare skafts 2 spare shafts
84, table Wood axletrees ---- sub-group column heading Di. of arm. inserted under Limber
85, table Ranges with carronades 1798 ---- column heading Yards inserted above all but the column Charge
---- table Diameter of the wheels of the field carriages moved from keyword Carronades to keyword Carriages.
91 chargez vos arms, un, deux, chargez vos armes, un, deux,
92, tables Charges for medium and light guns ---- column heading Kinds inserted cf. table Charges for heavy guns ....
99 Commissaire-général de la Commissaire-général de la cavalerie degére cavalerie légère
Commissaire provinciaux Commissaires provinciaux d’artillerie d’artillerie
Commissaire ordinaires Commissaires ordinaires d’artillerie d’artillerie
Commissaire géneral des poudres Commissaire général des poudres et saltpetres et salpêtres
Commissaire provinciaux et Commissaires provinciaux et ordinaires des guerres ordinaires des guerres
105 the pallisade on the the pallisade on the counterscrap counterscarp
110 from nose to croop from nose to croup
112 x y 2 = a x y² = a
Cunette. See Culvette Cunette. See Cuvette
115 être en de défense être en défense
116 Denonciateur d’un désertur Denonciateur d’un déserteur
119 Desorde, Fr. See Disorder Desordre, Fr. See Disorder
Developpe, Fr. to unfold Developper, Fr. to unfold
120 and the number 58.24, under the and the number 5.824, under the first first
123 in the memoirs of general in the memoirs of general Montecuculi Montecuculli
140 See Armicer See Armiger
151 La-mer falaise La mer falaise
153 On these tresles On these tressels
155 Their corps d’armie or legion Their corps d’armée or legions
158 _asnaphaan_, which being a low a _snaphaan_, which being a low Dutch word Dutch word
162 From Sadan down the Meuse to From Sedan down the Meuse to Charlemont Charlemont
164, paragraphs Square foot and Cubic foot: ... + 12 = ... × 12 = (three occurrences)
184 In the first vertical column In the first horizontal row (for this e-text the table has been rotated by 90°)
187 Minno, Baron of Coehorn Menno, Baron of Coehorn
192 The author of Oeuvres Militares The author of Oeuvres Militaires
201 Mr. Emerson, in his principles Mr. Emerson, in his Principles of Mechanics of Mechanics
217 Every timarist in Turkey Every timariot in Turkey
219 General de bettaile General de bataille
237 grenadiers posteiches grenadiers postiches
242 Exploits Guerrieres Exploits Guerriers
Délcarer la Guerre Déclarer la Guerre