Part 72

Agreement of, 1093-1098, 1801-1811, see #Agreement#; adj., equivalent to gen., 1098, 1234, 1262; used in neut. acc. with verbal expressions, 1144; as connectives, 2129-2132; use of, in ind. disc., 2325, 2338-2342; use of, 2335-2403; use of personal, 2335; use of reflexive, 2336-2345; use of possess., 2346; use of #hīc#, 2347-2355; use of #iste#, 2356, 2357; use of #ille#, 2358-2364; use of #is#, 2365-2370; use of #īdem#, 2371-2373; use of #ipse#, 2374-2384; use of #uter#, #quis#, 2385, 2386; use of rel., 1792-1837; use of indef. #quis#, #quī#, 2388, 2389; use of #aliquis#, 2390, 2391; use of #quīdam#, 2392, 2393; use of #quisque#, 2394-2398; use of #uterque#, 2399, 2400; use of #quīvīs#, #quīlibet#, #utervīs#, #uterlibet#, 2401; use of #quisquam#, #ūllus#, 2402; use of #nēmō#, #nihil#, #nūllus#, #neuter#, 2403; place of reciprocal taken by #inter nōs#, &c., #invicem#, &c., 2344, 2345; see #Relative#, &c., #quī#, &c.

#Pronunciation#, of names of characters of alphabet, 16, 31-72; of vowels, 33, 37-42; of diphthongs, 47, 49; of consonants, 53-72; change of sound of vowels, 103-145; of diphthongs, 95-101; of consonants, 146-174; rules of vowel quantity, 34-36, 2429-2472, see #Quantity#; division of syllables, 175; long and short syllables, 177, 178; of #es#, #est# in combination with other words, 747; see also #Accent#, #Substitution#, #Development#, #Disappearance#, #Assimilation#, #Dissimilation#, #Interchange#, #Lengthening#, #Shortening#, #Weakening#, #Hiatus#, #Contraction#, #Elision#.

#Proper#, names, defined, 5; of #-o-# decl., form and accent of voc. and gen. sing. of, 87, 456-459; with accent on final syllable, 88; plur. of, 416, 1105; ending in, #-āius#, #-ēius#, #-ōius#, declensional forms of, 458; with attribute attached, 1044; see #Greek#.

#Proportionals#, 2423.

#Propriety#, verbal expressions of, in indic., 1495-1497; subjv. coordinated with verbal expressions of, 1709; verbal expressions of, in conditional periods, 2074, 2101; expressed by subjv., 1547-1552; expressed by gerundive construction, 2243, 2248.

#Prosody#, 2429-2739; see #Quantity#, #Figures of prosody#, #Versification#.

#Protasis#, defined, 1061; fut. perf. in, coincident in time with fut. perf. in apod., 1627; concessive, 2116; see #Conditional#, #Relative#, #Conjunctive#.

#Protest#, introduced by sentence with #quod#, 1842.

#Protestations#, subjv. in, 1542; fut. in, 1622; #ita . . . ut#, 1542, 1622, 1937.

#Protraction#, 2516.

#Proviso#, introduced by #ut#, #nē . . . ita#, 1964; by #dum#, 2003; by #modo#, 2003.

#Punishment#, see #Penalty#.

#Purpose#, dat. of, 1223-1225; clauses, tense of, after perf. definite, 1754; rel. sentences of, 1817; expressed by #quod#, #id#, 1840; sentences of, with #priusquam#, 1919; sentences of, with #ut#, #nē#, &c., 1947-1964; sentences of, with #quō#, 1974; sentences of, with adv. #quī#, 1976; sentences of, with #dum#, #dōnec#, &c., 2005-2009; infin. of, 2164, 2165; expressed by acc. of gerundive construction, 2250; expressed by dat. of gerundive construction, 2256; expressed by gerundive construction or gerund with #causā#, 2164, 2258, 2270; expressed by gen. of gerundive construction alone, 2263; expressed by gen. of gerund alone, 2263; expressed by acc. of gerundive construction or gerund with #ad#, 2164, 2270; denoted by supine, 1166, 2270; expressed by partic., 2295; use of reflexive pron. in subjv. clauses of, 2341, 2342.

#Pyrrhic#, 2522.

#Pythiambic strophe#, in Horace, 2722, 2723.

#Qualitative#, vowel changes, 136-143; gradation, 145.

#Quality#, subst. suffixes denoting, 246-264; adj. suffixes denoting, 281-297; gen. of, 1239, 1240; abl. of, 1375.

#Quantitative#, vowel gradation, 135; verse, 2548; theory of the Saturnian, 2551.

#Quantity#, of diphthongs, 47, 125; how denoted in inscriptions, 24, 29; how denoted in books, 30, 2514; common, definition and sign of, 30, 2514; pronunciation of long and short vowels, 33, 38-40; change in quantity of vowels and preservation of long quantity, 123-133; long and short syllables, 177; of syllable containing vowel before mute or #f# followed by #l# or #r#, 178; general principles of vowel quantity, 35-36; vowel before another vowel or #h#, 35; diphthong before a vowel, 125; compounds of #prae#, 125; gen. in #āī#, 127, 7; length of #e# in #diē̆ī#, #rē̆ī#, #fidē̆ī#, #ē̆ī#, 127, 4; 601, 602; the endings #-āī#, #-āīs#, #-ōī#, #-ōīs#, #-ēī#, #-ēīs#, 127, 7; gen. in #-īus#, #-ius#, 127, 6; 618, 656, 657, 694; vowel before #nf#, #ns#, cons. #i#, #gn#, 122; as determining accent, 86-88; #-īt# in perf., 857; #ī#, #i#, in perf. subj. 877, 878; #ī#, #i#, in fut. perf., 883, 884; rules of, in classical Latin, 2429-2463; monosyllables, 2430-2433; penults, 2434-2436; final syllables ending in vowel, 2437-2446; final syllables ending in single cons. not #s#, 2447-2450; final syllables ending in #s#, 2451-2457; position, 2458; hidden, 2459-2463; some peculiarities of, in old Latin, 2464-2469; law of Iambic shortening, 2470-2472; in versification, 2514-2518.

#Quaternārius#, iambic, 2617-2620; trochaic, 2643; anapaestic, 2687.

#Questioning#, verbs of, with two accusatives, 1169-1171; with acc. and prepositional phrase, 1170; with indirect question, 1774.

#Questions#, indic. in, 1499; commoner in Latin than in English, 1500; two, short (#quid est#, #quid vērō#, &c.) leading to longer, 1500; kinds of, 1501.

Yes or No questions, 1501-1525; confounded with exclamations and declarations, 1502; without interrogative particle, 1502; with #nōn#, 1502; with #-ne#, #-n#, 1503-1505; with #nōnne#, 1503, 1506; with #nōnne . . . nōn . . . nōn#, 1506; with #num#, 1503, 1507; with #numne#, 1507; #an#, #anne#, #ān nōn# in single, 1503, 1508; with #ecquis#, #ecquō#, #ecquandō#, #ēn umquam#, 1509; with #satin#, #satin ut#, 1510; how answered, 1511-1514.

Alternative, history of, 1515-1517; without interrogative particle, 1518; with #utrum#, #-ne#, #-n#, and #an#, #anne#, #an nōn#, 1519; with #necne#, 1520; with several alternatives, 1521; with #utrum#, and #-ne# and #an#, 1522; with #utrumne . . . an#, 1522; with no alternative expressed, 1523; how answered, 1525.

Pronoun questions, 1526-1530; introduced by interrogative advs., 1526; with #ut#, _how_, 1528; with #quisne#, &c., 1529; two or more with one verb, 1530.

Subjunctive questions, 1563-1570; of appeal, 1563; in alternative form, 1564; asking whether action is conceivable, 1565; in exclamative sentences, with no interrogative word or with #-ne#, 1566, 1567; with #utī#, #ut#, 1568; with #utī#, #ut#, and #-ne#, #-n#, 1569; in subordinate sentence, 1731; tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753.

Indirect, defined, 1773; subjv. in, 1773; expressions introducing, 1774; with verbs of fearing, 1774, 1959; sequence of tenses in, 1760; Yes or No questions as, 1775-1777; introduced by #sī#, #sī fōrte#, 1777; alternative questions as, 1778-1784; introduced by #quī sciō an#, #quī scīs an#, #quis scit an#, 1781; introduced by #haud sciō an#, 1782; without interrogative particle, 1784; pron. questions as, 1785; original subjv. questions as, 1786; rel. constructions distinguished from, 1791; use of reflexive pron. in, 2341, 2342.

Accusative without verb in, 1150; verbal expressions denoting ability, duty, propriety, necessity in, 1495-1497; in indic. pres. or fut., intimating command, exhortation, deliberation, appeal, 1531, 1623; set forms expressing curiosity, incredulity, wrath, captiousness, 1532; threats introduced by #scī̆n quō modō#, 1532; united with partic., abl. abs., or subordinate sentence, 1533; coordinate with imper. or #tē rogō, scī̆n#, &c., 1697, 1787; introduced by indef. #nesciō quis#, &c., 1788, 1789; #mīrum quantum#, &c., 1790; direct, defined, 1723; question and answer, original form of rel. sentence, 1795; in apod. of conditional sentence, 2018; introduced by #nam#, 2155; in ind. disc., 2312-2314; use of #uter#, #quis#, #quī#, 2385, 2386.

#Reason#, introduced by #quod#, 1853; introduced by #nōn quō#, &c, 1855; introduced by #quoniam#, 1884; expressed by #tamquam#, 1909; coordinated members denoting, 1703; see #Cause#.

#Recessive accent#, 89-91.

#Reciprocal#, action, deponents expressing, 1487, see #Reflexive#; pron., place taken by #inter nōs#. &c., #īnvicem#, &c., 2344, 2345; relations, expressed by #uterque# and #alter#, 2400.

#Redundant verbs#, 818-823, 924-1019.

#Reduplication#, defined, 189; in prons., 650; in verb roots, 758, 828, 829; in perf., 858-861, 922-932, 989, 995, 1011.

#Reflexive pronouns#, decl. of, 644-651; possess., 652-655; possess. used instead of gen., 1234, 1262; gen. of, used possessively, 1234; preps. following, 1435; referring to subj. of verb, 2336; referring to word not the subj. of verb, 2337; in construction of acc. with infin., 2338-2340; in subordinate clauses, 2341-2343; #inter sē#, #invicem inter sē#, #invicem sē#, #invicem#, and expressions with #alter#, #alius#, for reciprocal, 2344, 2345; possess. omitted, 2346; possess. meaning _proper_, _appropriate_, _favourable_, 2346; #is# used for, 2370; #ipse# with, 2376; see #suī#, #suus#.

#Reflexive verbs#, 1481; pres. partic. of, in reflexive sense, 1482; gerund of, in reflexive sense, 1482; deponents, 1487; with acc., 1148.

#Reizianus versus#, 2625, 2626.

#Relation#, dat. of, 1217, 1218.

#Relationship#, words of, with gen., 1203.

#Relative adverbs#, 711; in place of rel. pron. and prep., 1793; correlative prons. and advs., 1831; adv., #utī#, #ut#, 1935; #quoad#, 1991.

#Relative conjunctive particles#, 1794; sentences introduced by, 1838-2122.

#Relative pronouns#, decl. of. 658, 659, 681-694; agreement of, 1094-1098, 1801-1811; agreement determined by sense, 1095, 1804; with several substs., 1096, 1803; referring to proper name and explanatory appellative combined, 1805; agreeing with pred. subst., 1097, 1806; equivalent to gen., 1098; verb agreeing in pers. with antec. of rel., 1807; verb agreeing in pers. with antec. of rel. implied in possess., 1807; rel. attracted to case of antec., 1808; word in appos. with rel., 1809; word explanatory of antec. agreeing with rel., 1810; #quod#, #id quod#, #quae rēs#, 1811; rel. introducing main sentence, 1835; rel. introducing main sentence put in acc. with infin. in ind. disc., 2316; with a compar., 1321, 1326; preps. following, 1434, 1435; introducing rel. sentence, 1792; representing any pers., 1792; rel. advs. instead of, 1793; developed from interrogative pron., 1795, 1808; #quod# before #sī#, &c., 1837; as connectives, 2128, 2131, 2132; see #quī#.

#Relative sentence#, treated, 1792-1837; introduced by rel. words, 1792-1794; development of, 1795; preceding main sentence, 1795; with subst. in both members, 1795, 1796; following main sentence, 1796; #urbem quam statuō vostra est#, 1797; with determinative, demonstrative, subst., omitted, 1798; #quā prūdentiā es, nihil tē fugiet#, 1800; indic. in, 1721; tense of, after secondary, 1756; subjv. of ind. disc. and attraction in, 1722, 1815; subjv. of repeated action in, 1730, 1815; equivalent to conditional prot., indic. or subjv. in, 1812, 2110; of simple declarations or descriptions, indic. in, 1813; introduced by indef. prons. and advs., indic. in, 1814; of purpose, subjv. in, 1817; of characteristic or result, subjv. in, 1818-1823; with #dignus#, #indignus#, #idōneus#, #aptus#, 1819; coordinated with subst., adj., or partic., 1820; with antec. omitted, indef. antec., or #nēmō est quī#, #nihil est quod#, &c., 1799, 1821, 1822; #sunt quī#, &c., with indic., 1823; of cause, reason, proof, concession, subjv. in, 1824-1830; #quī tamen# with indic., 1825; sentences with indic., resembling causal sentences, 1826; #quippe quī#, #ut quī#, #ut pote quī#, with indic. and subjv., 1827; #quippe quī# (adv.), #ut quī#, 1828; parenthetical subjv., #quod sciam#, #quī quidem#, 1829; #quod attinet ad#, &c., 1830; following #praeut#, 1945; coordination of rel. sentences, with rel. omitted, 1832, 1833; with rel. repeated, 1833; with second rel. replaced by #is#, #hīc#, &c., 1833; subordination of, 1834; equivalent to main sentence, 1835; equivalent to main sentence, in ind. disc., 2316; other rel. sentences in ind. disc., 2315, 2318, 2319; #quō factō#, &c., 1836; coordinated member equivalent to, 1698; represented by partic., 2294.

#Relative time#, of subordinate sentence, 1732, 1741.

#Remembering#, adjs. meaning, with gen., 1263, 1264; verbs of, with gen., 1287-1291; with acc., 1288; with #de# and abl., 1289, 1290; with infin., 2169.

#Reminding#, verbs of, cases with, 1172, 1291.

#Remove#, verbs meaning, with abl., 1302-1306; with dat., 1195, 1209.

#Repeated#, action (#ter in annō#, &c.), 1353; expressed by pres. indic., 1588; by impf. indic., 1596; subjv. of, 1730; subjv. of, in #cum# sentences, 1859, 1860; subjv. of, in sentences with #quotiēns#, #quotiēnscumque#, 1887; subjv. of, in sentences with #dum#, #dōnec#, #quoad#, #quamdiū#, 1994, 2002, 2009; with #postquam#, #ubī̆#, #ut#, 1932; in general conditions, 2026, 2034, 2035, 2037, 2044, 2050, 2071.

#Represent#, verbs meaning, with pres. partic. used predicatively, 2298, 2299; with infin., 2299.

#Request#, expressed by imper., 1571; expressed by fut., 1624; verbs of, subjv. coordinated with, 1708; with purpose clause, 1950.

#Resemblance#, adj. suffixes denoting, 299-301.

#Resisting#, verbs of, with dat., 1181; with #nē# and subjv., 1960; with #quōminus#, 1977; with #quīn#, 1986.

#Resolution#, 2518.

#Resolve#, verbs meaning, with purpose clause, 1950; with infin., 1953, 2169; with acc. and infin., 2193.

#Rest#, verbs of, followed by #in# or #sub# and abl., 1423; followed by #in# and acc., 1424.

#Restraining#, verbs of, with #nē#, 1960, 1977; with #quōminus#, 1960, 1977; with #quīn#, 1986; with acc. and infin., 2203; with acc. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2252.

#Result#, clauses, tense of, after secondary, 1757-1759; rel. sentences of, 1818-1823; with #dīgnus#, #indīgnus#, &c., 1819; after assertions or questions of existence or non-existence, 1821, 1822; sentences with #ut#, #ut nōn#, &c., 1947, 1948, 1965-1970; #tantum abest#, 1969; #quam ut#, 1896; coordinated member equivalent to clause of, 1700; dat. of, 1219-1222; suffixes denoting, 213, 222, 231, 234-236, 239, 249, 296.

#Rhetorical questions#, see #Appeal#.

#Rhythm#, defined, 2511; kinds of, 2525-2528; Numeri Italici, 2549; Saturnian, 2550-2554; dactylic, 2555-2580; iambic, 2581-2627; trochaic, 2628-2649; logaoedic, 2650-2674; dactylo-trochaic, 2675-2681; anapaestic, 2682-2690; cretic, 2691-2697; bacchiac, 2698-2706; choriambic, 2707; ionic, 2708-2717.

#Rhythmical sentence#, 2532, 2533.

#Rhythmical series#, 2532, 2533.

#Rivers#, names of, gender, 405, 406; decl., 518, 519, 549, 554, 556.

#Roots#, defined, 183; nature of, 184; three kinds, noun roots, verb roots, pron. roots, 186; two or more forms of one root, 187; vowel and cons. roots, 188; reduplicated, 189; reduplicated in verbs, 758, 828, 829; pres. stems used as, 190-194, 855; used as stems, 195, 198, 199; used as stems in verbs, 738-743, 844; root stem, defined, 195; root verbs, defined, 743; root verbs, inflected, 744-781, 828; prin. parts of root verbs, 922.

#Route taken#, advs. denoting, 707, 1376; abl. of, 1376.

#Sapphic#, strophe, 2545; the lesser, 2666; the greater, 2671-2673; in Horace, 2734, 2735.

#Saturnian#, 2550-2554.

#Saying#, verbs of, with indef. subj., 1033; in pres. of past action, 1592; in plup., 1617; ind. disc. with, 1724, 2309; illogically in subjv. in clause introduced by #quī#, #quod#, #cum#, 1727, 2320; coordinated, 1696; with acc. and infin., 2175; time of infin. with, 2219, 2226; see #Indirect discourse#.

#Scazon#, choliambus, 2597-2600; trochaic tetrameter, 2639-2641.

#Secondary cases#, 1111, 1112.

#Secondary tenses#, 1717, 1762; rules for use of, 1740-1772; subordinate to indic., 1746-1761; subordinate to subjv., 1762-1765; subordinate to noun of verb, 1766-1769; subjv. in ind. disc. or by attraction, 1770-1772, 2322-2324, 2326-2329; perf. def. and pres. of vivid narration, 1717, 1752, 1754; secondary sequence with primary, 1751-1753; primary sequence with secondary, 1755-1760.

#Seeing#, verbs of, in pres. of past action, 1592; with indirect question, 1774; in pres. with #postquam#, #ubī̆#, #ut#, &c., 1926.

#Selling#, verbs of, with gen., 1274; with abl., 1388-1392.

#Semi-deponents#, 801, 1488.

#Semi-elision#, 2497.

#Semi-hiatus#, 2497.

#Sēmiquīnāria caesura#, 2544.

#Sēmiseptēnāria caesura#, 2544.

#Sēmiternāria caesura#, 2544.

#Semivowels#, 52.

#Sēnārius#, defined, 2536; iambic, 2583-2596.

#Sentence#, defined, 1023; simple, defined, 1024; simple, enlarged, 1037-1054; simple, combined, 1055; simple, treated, 1099-1635; declarative, defined, 1025; exclamatory, defined, 1025; imper., defined, 1025; coordinate and subordinate, 1055-1061; subordinate, history of, 1693-1695, 1705, 1706, 1957, see #Subordinate sentences#; compound, defined, 1056; compound, abridged, 1057; compound, treated, 1636-1713; complex, defined, 1058; complex, varieties of, 1058-1061; as advs., 712; interrogative, defined, 1025, see #Questions#; coordinate, treated, 1636-1692; intermediate coordinate, treated, 1693-1713, see #Coordination#; complex, treated, 1714-2122; compar., defined, 1716; local, defined, 1716; temporal, defined, 1716, see #Temporal#; modal, defined, 1716; correlative, 1831; main, introduced by rel. pron., 1835-1837; conjunctive particle, 1838-2122, see #Conjunctive#; connection of sentences, 2123-2159; rhythmical, 2532, 2533; see #Conditional#, #Causal#, #Concessive#, #Final#, #Consecutive#, #Relative sentence#.

#Separating#, verbs of, with dat., 1195, 1209; with gen., 1294; with abl., 1302-1306, 1294; with gerundive construction or gerund, 2268; adjs. of, with gen., 1263; with abl., 1306.

#Separation#, expressed by supine in #-ū#, 2277; see #Separating#.

#Septēnārius#, defined, 2536; iambic, 2610-2616; trochaic, 2629-2635; anapaestic, 2686.

#Sequence of tenses#, 1745-1772; subjv. subordinate to indic., 1746-1761; subjv. subordinate to subjv., 1762-1765; subjv. subordinate to noun of verb, 1766-1769; subjv. in ind. disc. or by attraction, 1770-1772, 2322-2324, 2326-2329.

#Series#, rhythmical, 2532, 2533; stichic, 2546.

#Service#, adjs. of, with dat., 1200.

#Serving#, verbs of, with dat., 1181, 1182.

#Sharing#, verbs meaning, with gen., 1263.

#Shortening#, of vowels, 124-132; of vowel before another vowel, 124; in final syllable, 129-132; in nom. of #-ā-# stems, 130, 1; 436; in neut. plur., 130, 2; 461; in abl. ending #e# of cons. stems, 502; in verb endings, 130, 132; in nom. ending #-or#, 132; in #mihī̆#, #tibī̆#, #sibī̆#, #ibī̆#, #ubī̆#, #alicubī̆#, #nēcubi#, #sīcubi#, #ubinam#, #ubivīs#, #ubicumque#, #ibī̆dem#, 129, 2; in iambic words in verse, 129, 1; before #-n# for #-sn#, 129, 1; in perf. ending #-ērunt#, 857; in perf. subjv., 876; variations of quantity, 134; in first syllable of #ille#, #illic#, #quippe#, #immō#, &c., 2469; iambic, rule of, 2470-2472; vowel before another vowel retained long, 127; long vowel in specific endings in Old Latin, 132.

#Showing#, verbs of, with two accusatives, 1167.

#Sibilants#, 79.

#Simple#, words, defined, 181; formative suffixes, defined, 200; sentence, defined, 1024, see #Sentence#.

#Singular number#, in nouns, defined, 414; lacking, see #Defective#; with different meaning from plur., 418, 480; in substs., in agreement, 1077-1081, see #Agreement#; in adjs., prons., partic., in agreement, 1082-1098, see #Agreement#; in collective sense, 1099; of a class, 1100; neut., of adjs. used as substs., 1093, 1101, 1250; of other adjs. used as substs., 1102, 1103; in verbs, defined, 722; in verbs, in agreement, 1062-1076, 1080, see #Agreement#; of gerundive, with #nostrī#, &c., 2260.

#Smell#, verbs of, with acc., 1143.

#Softening#, 2504.

#Sonants#, 75.

#Sotadean#, 2712, 2713.

#Sound#, one of the divisions of Latin Grammar, treated, 1, 16-179; change of, in vowels, 55-113; change of, in diphthongs, 80-88; change of, in consonants, 114-154; see #Substitution#, #Development#, #Disappearance#, #Assimilation#, #Dissimilation#, #Interchange#, #Lengthening#, #Shortening#, #Weakening#, #Hiatus#, #Contraction#, #Elision#, #Affinities#, #Pronunciation#, #Accent#, #Quantity#.

#Sounds#, continuous, defined, 51; momentary, defined, 51; classified, 54.

#Source#, abl. of, 1312-1315, 1426; expressed by gen., 1232; expressed by adj., 1427.

#Space#, extent of, denoted by acc., 1151-1156, 1398, 1475; denoted by abl., 1153, 1399.

#Sparing#, expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.

#Specification#, abl. of, 1385; acc. of, see #Part concerned#; gen. of, see #Genitive#.

#Spirants#, 78.

#Spondaic verse#, defined, 2556; use, 2566, 2567.

Spondee, defined, 2521; irrational, 2524.

#Statements#, general, with #antequam#, #priusquam#, 1912-1914; particular, with #antequam#, #priusquam#, 1915-1921.