Part 71

#Object#, of a subst., defined, 1046; of a verb, direct, becomes nom. in pass., 1125; constructions of, 1132-1150, 1167-1174, see #Accusative#; subordinate sentence as, 1715; expressed by sentence with #quod#, 1845; complementary clause as, 1948; infin. as, 2167-2206, see #Infinitive#; of gerundive, 2247; of gerund, 2242, 2255, 2259, 2265; indirect, see #Complement#.

#Objective#, compounds, defined, 384; gen., 1260-1262; gen., #nostrī#, #vestrī# used as, 2335.

#Obligation#, expressions of, in indic. with infin., 1495-1497; expressed by subjv., 1552; expressed by gerundive, 2243, 2248.

#Obligatory#, use of verb, 2306.

#Oblique cases#, 419.

#Octōnārius#, defined, 2536; iambic, 2604-2609; trochaic, 2636-2638; anapaestic, 2684, 2685.

#Office#, suffixes denoting, 216, 235; titles of, with gerundive construction, 2254.

#Often#, perf. expressing action often or never done, 1611.

#Omission#, of prep., with several substs., 1430; of antecedent of rel., 1798, 1799; of subj. acc. of infin., 2183, 2184.

#Open vowels#, 46.

#Optative#, see #Wish#.

#Ōrātiō Oblīqua#, see #Indirect Discourse#.

#Order#, see #Command#.

#Ordinal#, numerals, decl. of, 643; in acc., to express time, 1155; with #post# and #ante# in expressions of time, 1394-1397; list of, 2404, 2405; in dates, 2419; some forms of, 2412-2418; with subst. not used in sing., 2419; #quisque# with, 2397.

#Origin#, adj. suffixes implying, 298, 302-330; gen. of, 1232-1238; expressed by abl., 1312-1315, 1309, 1426; expressed by adj., 1427.

#Ought#, verbs meaning, with infin., 2169.

#Owner#, gn. of, 1232-1238.

#Paeon#, 2521, 2522.

#Palatal#, 44, 77.

#Palimbacchius#, 2522.

#Pardoning#, expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.

#Parentage#, denoted by abl., 1312.

#Parentheses#, asyndeton in, 1642; introduced by #nam#, #et#, &c., 1642; #quod sciam#, #quī quidem#, 1829; with #ut#, #sīcut#, #prout#, 1905, 1940, 1942, 2017; expressed by purpose clause with #ut#, #nē#, 1962; #sī placet#, &c., 2113.

#Parisyllables#, defined, 515; decl. of, 517-528, 540-569, see #Declension#; gender of, 577-579.

#Paroemiac#, 2688, 2689.

#Part concerned#, acc. of, 1147.

#Participation#, adjs. of, with gen., 1263, 1264; verbs of, with gen., 1292.

#Participles#, defined, 732, 2278; suffix, #-nus#, 296, 316-322; in #-mino-#, 297; agreement of, 1082-1093, see #Agreement#; in dat., to denote person viewing or judging, 1217; cause or motive expressed by, 1317; question with, 1533; rel. sentence coordinated with, 1820; #quamquam# with, 1900; #quamlibet# with, 1907; #quamvīs#, with, 1907; intimating condition, 2110; #quasi#, #tamquam#, #ut#, #velut# with, 2121; with gerundive construction, 2254; uses of, treated, 2278-2299; character of, 2278; time of, 2279-2281; the attributive, 2282-2286; expressing permanent condition, 2282; compared, &c., 2284; the subst., 2287-2292; the appositive, 2293-2296; representing rel. sentence, 2294; expressing time, means, &c., 2295; the predicative, 2297-2299.

Present, stem of, 543, 632; abl. sing. of, 560, 633; decl. of, 632, 633; gen. plur. of, in #-um#, 563; of #sum#, 749; formation of, 901-903; with gen., 1266; in abl. abs., 1362; in reflexive sense, 1482; with verbs signifying _represent_ and verbs of senses, 2298, 2299.

Perfect, formation of, 906-919; lacking, 811, 905, 907, 922-1019; advs. from, 704, 1372; dat. of possessor with, 1216, 1478; of origin, with abl., 1312; in abl. abs., 1362, 1364; of deponents, 907, 1364, 1492, 2280; abl. neut. of, used impersonally, 1372; agreeing with sentence or infin., 1373; with #ūsus est# and #opus est#, 1382; used as subst., 1440; with act. meaning, 1485; with #fuī#, #fueram#, #fuerō#, 1609; sequence after, 1766, 1767; of contemporaneous action, 2280; translated as abstract, 2285, 2286; with #habeō#, #faciō#, #dō#, &c., 1606, 2297; quantity of penult vowel in disyllabics, 2434-2436.

Future, formation of, 904, 905; with #sum#, 802, 803; with #sum#, use of, 1633, 1737, 1742, 1746, 1747; use of, in conditional sentences, 2074, 2081, 2087, 2092, 2093, 2097, 2100, 2108; in abl. abs., 1362; as adj., 2283.

Perfect active, 907.

#Particles#, interrogative, see #Interrogative#; exclamatory, see #Questions#; of wishes, 1540; conjunctive particle sentence, 1838-2122, see #Conjunctive#.

#Partitive#, gen., 1241-1254; #nostrū̆m#, #vestrū̆m# used as, 2335.

#Parts#, of speech, 2-15; prin., of verbs, 733-735; prin., classification of verbs according to, 920-1022, see #Verbs#.

#Passive voice#, defined, 723, 1472; of verbs of intrans. use, 724, 763, 1479; nom. of, for acc. of act., 1125, 1473; of compound verbs, with acc., 1138; of verbs of feeling, commonly intransitive, 1139; two accusatives of the act. in, 1167-1171, 1474; act. of a different verb serving as, 1471; defining acc. or acc. of extent or duration made subj. in, 1475; verbs of trans. use used impersonally in, 1479; the doer of the action how expressed with, 1318, 1319, 1476-1478, 2181, 2243; use of, 1472-1485; complementary dat. of act. made subj. in, 1181, 1480, 2202; with reflexive meaning, 1481, 1487, 1148; of #coepī# and #dēsinō#, 1483; perf. partic. with act. meaning, 1485; deponents with force of, 1487; deponents with meaning of, 1490; perf. partic. of deponents with act. and pass. meaning, 907, 1364, 1492; forms with #fuī#, &c., 1609; of verbs of perceiving, knowing, thinking, saying, &c., personal and impersonal constructions of, 2177-2182; of #iubeō#, #vetō#, #sinō#, used personally, 2201; with gerundive, 2251; fut. infin., formation and use of, 2273.

#Patronymics#, suffixes forming, 279; gen. plur. of, 439.

#Pauses#, 2540.

#Penalty#, denoted by gen., 1282; denoted by abl., 1282.

#Pentameter#, defined, 2536; dactylic, 2570-2576.

#Pentapody#, defined, 2531; logaoedic, 2664-2668.

#Penthemimeral caesura#, 2544.

#Penthemimeris#, 2531.

#Penult#, defined, 175; when accented, 86, 87; quantity of, in polysyllables, 2434-2436.

#Perceiving#, verbs of, coordinated, 1696; in pres. with #postquam, ubī̆, ut#, &c., 1926; with acc. and infin., 2175; time of infin. with, 2219, 2226.

#Perfect tense#, indicative, formation of, 854-875; stem without suffix, 858-866; stem in #-s-#, 867, 868; stem in #-v-# or #-u-#, 869-875; short or old forms, 885-893; #-runt# and #-re# in 3rd pers. plur., 727; quantity of vowel preceding #-runt#, #-re#, 856, 857; #-īt#, 857, 68; reduplication of, 858-861, 922-932, 989, 995, 1011; quantity of penult vowel in disyllabic perfects, 2434-2436.

Dative of possessor with, 1216, 1478; in simple sentence, uses of, 1602-1613, 1616; definite, defined, 1602; historical, defined, 1602; historical, function of, 1603; historical, for plup., 1604; definite, function of, 1605; definite, expressed by #habeō# and partic., 1606; definite, of inceptives, 1607; definite, denoting pres. resulting state, 1608; definite, pass. with #fuī#, &c., 1609; definite, other uses of, 1610-1616, 2027, 2030; sequence of, 1717, 1740-1761, 2322-2324, 2326-2329; in subordinate sentence, rel. time, 1733, 1736; independent, 1738; with #cum#, 1860, 1861, 1866, 1867, 1869, 1871; with #antequam#, #priusquam#, 1912, 1917, 1920; with #postquam#, #ubī̆#, #ut#, &c., 1925, 1927, 1929, 1930, 1932; with #dum#, #dōnec#, #quoad#, #quamdiū#, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2009; in conditional prot., 2023, 2034-2041, 2066-2068; in conditional apod., 2023, 2027, 2035, 2043, 2049, 2053, 2060, 2101, 2103-2105.

Subjunctive, formation of, 876-878; short or old forms, 885-893; in wishes, 1541, 1543; in exhortations, prohibitions, &c., 1549, 1551; of action conceivable, 1557, 1558; with force of fut., 1541, 1549, 1551, 1558; of repeated action, 1730; sequence of, 1764, 1765; in subordinate sentence, following primary, 1746, 1762, 1766, 1771, 2323; following pres. of vivid narration and pres. of quotation, 1752; following perf. definite, 1754; following secondary, in rel., causal, and concessive sentences, 1756; following secondary, in consecutive sentences, 1757; following secondary, in indirect question, 1760; following secondary, in ind. disc., 2328; in sequence with adjacent verb, 1761; of action non-occurrent, in pres. sequence, 1763; in sequence with perf. infin., 1768; with #antequam#, #priusquam#, 1913, 1916, 1919; with #ut# purpose, 1962; in conditional prot., 2023, 2070, 2072, 2084-2088, 2090; in conditional apod., 2023, 2058, 2073, 2077, 2085, 2090; with #quasi#, #tamquam sī#, &c., 2119; in ind. disc. representing a fut. perf., 2324.

Imperative, formation of, 813, 879; pass., 1580.

Infinitive, see #Infinitive#.

Participle, see #Participles#.

#Periods#, connection of, 2123-2159.

#Periphrastic#, forms of the verb, 802-804; fut. partic. with form of #sum#, 802, 803; fut. partic. with form of #sum#, use of, 1633, 1737, 1742, 1746, 1747; in conditional sentences, 2074, 2081, 2087, 2092, 2093, 2097, 2100, 2108; gerundive with #sum#, 804, 2101, 2243; circumlocutions for perf. pass., fut. act., fut. pass. infin., 732, 898, 2273; perf. pass. imper., 1580; perf. with #habeō#, 1606, 2297; #fore#, #futūrum esse#, #ut#, 2233; #fore# with perf. partic., 2234; forms in conditional apodoses of action non-occurrent in ind. disc., 2331-2334.

#Permission#, verbs of, subjv. coordinated with, 1710; verbs of, with purpose clause, 1950; expressed by #quamvīs#, 1904; expressed by #quamlibet#, 1907.

#Permissive#, use of verb, 2307.

#Person#, in verbs, defined, 721; in imper., 731; 3rd pers. plur., in indef. sense, 1033; agreement of verb in, 1062; when subjects are of different pers., 1076; when subj. is rel., 1807; use of #nōs# for #ego#, 1074; order of persons, 1076; pers. of #quī#, 1792.

#Personal pronouns#, decl. of, 644-651; possess., 652-655; when used with 1st and 2nd pers., 1029; possess. used instead of gen., 1234, 1262; gen. of, used possessively, 1234; preps. following, 1435; use of #nostrū̆m#, #vestrū̆m#, #nostrī#, #vestrī#, 2335; possess. omitted, 2346; possess. meaning _proper_, _appropriate_, _favourable_, 2346; #ipse# with, 2376; see #ego#, &c.

#Personal verbs#, impersonal verbs used as, 1181, 1284; verbs of intrans. use used as, in pass., 1181, 1480, 2203; verbs of perceiving, knowing, thinking, saying as, in pass., 2177-2182; #iubeō#, #vetō#, #sinō# as, in pass., 2201.

#Person endings#, vowel of, short, 129, 130; vowel of, long, 132; #-mino# in imper., 297, 731; #-minī# in 2nd pers. plur., 297, 730; function of, 713, 721; table of, 726; #-runt# and #-re# in perf., 727; of 1st and 2nd pers., 728; #-ris# and #-re# in 2nd pers. pass., 730; in inscriptions, 729; 3rd pers. plur. #-ont#, #-unt#, 827.

#Persuading#, verbs of, case with, 1181-1185; subjv. coordinated with, 1712.

#Phalaecean#, 2664, 2665.

#Pherecratean#, 2659.

#Phonetic#, see #Sound#.

#Pity#, see #Mental distress#.

#Place#, subst. suffixes denoting, 266, 228, 241, 242, 245, 249; adj. suffixes denoting, 317, 321, 347; advs. denoting, 708, 709, 1438; expressed by loc., 1331-1341; expressed by loc. abl., 1342-1349; expressed by attributive prepositional phrase, 1426, 1233; expressed by adj., 1427, 1233; expressed by gen., 1427, 1232; from which, advs. denoting, 710; from which, how expressed, 1307-1311; to which, advs. denoting, 710; to which, how expressed, 1157-1166, 1210; rel. advs., #ubī̆#, #quō#, #unde#, 1793.

#Places#, names of, see #Towns#.

#Plants#, names of, gender, 407, 408, 573.

#Pleasing#, expressions of, case with, 1181-1185.

#Plenty#, see #Fulness#.

#Pluperfect tense#, indicative, formation of, 880; short or old forms, 885-893; dat. with, 1216, 1478; uses of, in simple sentence, 1614-1618, 1607, 1609; of past action completed, 1614; expressing past resulting state, 1615; in letters, 1616; for perf., 1617; of time anterior to past repeated action, 1618; of inceptives, 1607; pass. with #fueram#, &c., 1609; sequence of, 1717, 1740-1745, 1747, 1748, 1755-1760, 2322-2324, 2326-2329; in subordinate sentence, rel. time, 1733, 1736; independent, 1738; with #cum#, 1860, 1861; with #antequam#, #priusquam#, 1918; with #postquam, ubī̆#, #ut#, &c., 1928, 1929, 1932, 1933; with #dum#, #dōnec#, 1997, 2009; in conditional prot., 2023, 2048-2051; in conditional apod., 2023, 2029, 2036, 2104, 2107.

Subjunctive, formation of, 881; #-ēt#, 68; short or old forms, 885-893; in wishes, 1544; in expressions of obligation or necessity, 1552; of action conceivable, 1561; of repeated action, 1730; sequence of, 1762, 1763; in subordinate sentence, following secondary, 1747, 1762, 1766, 1771, 2322; following pres. of vivid narration and pres. of quotation, 1752; following primary, 1753, 2329; following perf. definite, 1754; following perf. infin., or perf. partic., 1767; with #cum#, 1872, 1873; with #quotiēns#, #quotiēnscumque#, 1887; with #antequam#, #priusquam#, 1914, 1920, 1921; with #posteā quam#, #postquam#, &c., 1924; with #dōnec#, 2009; with indef. rel. pron. or adv., 1814; in conditional prot., 2024, 2071, 2089, 2091, 2096, 2098-2107; in conditional apod., 2024, 2041, 2071, 2073, 2083, 2089, 2091, 2095, 2099; with #quasi#, #tamquam sī#, &c., 2120; in ind. disc. representing a fut. perf., 2324; in conditional apod. of direct discourse, how represented in ind. disc., 2331-2334.

#Plural number#, in nouns, defined, 414; lacking, see #Defective#; with different meaning from sing., 418, 480; of material substs., 416, 1108; of abstracts, 416, 1109; of proper names, 416, 1105; of names of countries, 1107; in generalizations and in poetry, 1110; adjs. in, used as substs., 1103, 1104, 1106; in substs., in agreement, 1077-1081; in adjs., prons., and partic., in agreement, 1082-1098; in verbs, defined, 722; with sing. and plur. subjects, 1062-1076; of modesty, 1074; of gerundive with #nostrī#, &c., 2261.

#Polysyllables#, quantity of penult in, 2434-2436; quantity of final syllable in, 2437-2457.

#Position#, syllables long by, 177; syllable containing vowel before mute or #f# followed by #l# or #r#, 178; final short vowel before word beginning with two consonants or double cons., 2458; final #s# does not always make, 2468; of preps., 1433-1437.

#Positive#, expressing disproportion, 1454; used in comparison of adjs. and advs., 1457, 1458; combined with a compar., 1458; expressed by compar. with abl., 1464; see #Comparison#, #Affirmative#.

#Possession#, adj. suffixes implying, 298, 302-330; expressed by dat., 1207, 1212-1216; expressed by gen., 1232-1238.

#Possessive compounds#, 385.

#Possessive pronouns#, decl. of, 652-655; agreement of, 1082-1098; used instead of gen. of personal or reflexive pron., 1234, 1262; with word in apposition in gen., 1235; with #rēfert# and #interest#, 1277; gen. of, with infin., 1237, 2208, 2211; implying antecedent to rel., 1807; of reflexive, referring to subj. of verb, 2336; of reflexive, referring to word not subj. of verb, 2337; of reflexive, in construction of acc. with infin., 2338-2340; of reflexive, in subordinate clauses, 2341-2343; omitted, 2346; meaning _proper_, _appropriate_, _favourable_, 2346; see #meus#, &c.

#Possessor#, dat. of, 1212-1216, 1478, 2181, 2243.

#Possibility#, expressed by subjv., 1554-1562; denoted by gerundive, 2249; verbal expressions of, see #Ability#.

#Postpositive#, words, 1676, 1688; preps., 1433-1436.

#Posttonic# syllable, 102.

Potential, use of verb, 2305; see #Action conceivable#.

#Prayer#, duim, &c. in, 756; forms of perf. subjv. and fut. perf. in, 887; expressed by imper., 1571; in verse, 2549.

#Predicate#, defined, 1023, 1035; omitted, 1036; enlarged, 1048-1054; pred. subst., verb agreeing with, 1072; agreement of pred. subst., 1077-1081; in oblique case, 1052, 1363; pred. adj., agreement of, 1082-1098; pred. nom., with verb of indeterminate meaning, 1035; with other verbs, 1051; infin. as pred. nom., 2207; noun, in nom. with complementary infin., 2171; in acc., referring to subj. acc. 2174; in nom., with verbs of perceiving, knowing, &c., used in pass., 2177; in nom., with verbs of perceiving, knowing, &c., used in act., 2184; in acc., referring to unexpressed indef. subj. of infin., 2213; in dat., with implied subj. of infin., 2214; in acc., with verbs of making, choosing, naming, &c., 1167, 1168; pred. uses of gen., 1236, 1237, 1239, 1251; pred. use of abl. of quality, 1375; with #ūtor#. 1381; pred. partic. with #ūsus est#, #opus est#, 1382; pred. use of prepositional expressions, 1428; pron. agreeing with pred. subst., 1097, 1806; pred. use of gen. of gerundive construction, 2262-2264; see #Predicative#.

#Predicative#, dat., 1219-1225; partic., 2297-2299.

#Prefixes#, advs. as verbal, 1402-1409.

#Prepositions#, defined, 11, 696, 1402; as proclitics, 92; accent of, when following case, 92; how written in inscriptions and mss., 92; as positive, 357; compounded with nouns or noun stems, 381-383, 385, 390; compounded with verbs, 391, 392; inseparable, 392, 1409; origin of, 696, 1402-1404; function of, 1405; inflected forms of substs. used as, 1406, 1413, 1419, 1420; trace of adverbial use in tmesis, 1407; use as advs. and as preps. discussed, 1412-1416, 1421; used with acc., 1410-1416; used with abl., 1415-1421; used with abl. proper, 1297, 1415, 1419-1421; used with loc. abl., 1299, 1416; used with instrumental abl., 1300; with acc. or abl., 1422-1425, 1415; substs. combined by, 1426-1428; repetition of, with two or more substs., 1429; omission of, with a second subst., 1430; two. with one subst., 1431, 1432; position of, 1433-1437; in oaths, 1437; verbs compounded with, cases after, 1137, 1138, 1188-1191, 1194-1199, 1209; with infin. as obj., 2205; with gerundive construction or gerund in acc., 2252, 2253; in abl., 2267; with subst. and partic., 2285, 2286; for special uses of different preps., see Index of Latin Words.

#Present stems#, used as roots, 190-194, 855; roots used as, 738-743, 828, 844.

#Present system#, of verbs, formation of, 828-853.

#Present tense#, indicative formation of, 828-840; #-īt#, #-āt#, #-ēt#, 132; #-ōr#, 132; dat. of possessor with, 1216, 1478, 2181; uses of, in simple sentence, 1587-1593, 1601; of pres. action, 1587; of customary or repeated action, or general truth, 1588; of past action, still continued, 1589; of vivid narration, 1590, 1639; the annalistic, 1591; of verbs of hearing, seeing, saying, 1592; in quotations, 1592; of fut. action, 1593, 2026; in letters, 1601; sequence of, 1717, 1740-1746, 1749-1753, 2322-2324, 2326-2329; in subordinate sentence, rel. time, 1733-1735; independent, 1738; with #cum#, 1860-1862, 1866, 1867, 1869, 1871; with #quoniam#, 1883; with #antequam#, #priusquam#, 1915, 1918; with #postquam#, #ubī̆#, #ut#, &c., 1926, 1927, 1930, 1932; with #dum#, #dōnec#, #quoad#, #quamdiū#, 1995, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2009; in conditional prot., 2023, 2026-2033, 2065-2068, 2074; in conditional apod., 2023, 2026, 2034, 2042, 2048, 2052, 2059, 2078.

Subjunctive, formation of, 841-843; #-īt#, #-āt#, #-ēt#, 132; #-ār#, 132; in wishes, 1541, 1542; in exhortations, prohibitions, &c., 1548, 1550, 1551; of action conceivable, 1556; of repeated action, 1730; primary, 1762; referring to fut. time, 1743, 1749; following perf. definite, 1754; following secondary in rel., causal, and concessive sentences, 1756; following secondary in consecutive sentences, 1757; following secondary in indirect question, 1760; following secondary in ind. disc., 2328; in sequence with adjacent verb, 1761; of action non-occurrent, in pres. sequence, 1763; in sequence with perf. infin., 1768; with #antequam#, #priusquam#, 1912, 1915, 1919; with #ut# purpose, 1962; with #dum#, #dōnec#, #quoad#, 2003, 2005, 2007; with #modo#, 2003; in conditional prot., 2023, 2070, 2072, 2076-2083, 2090, 2093, 2096; in conditional apod., 2023, 2033, 2039, 2046, 2057, 2064, 2070, 2076, 2084, 2090; with #quasi, tamquam sī#, &c., 2119; in ind. disc. representing a fut., 2324.

Infinitive, see #Infinitive#.

Participle, see #Participles#.

#Preventing#, see #Hindering#.

#Priapean#, 2674.

#Price#, gen. of, 1271; abl. of, 1388-1392.

#Primary tenses#, 1717, 1762.

#Primitive#, defined, 198; substs., 204-245, see #Substantives#; adjs., 280-297, 305, see #Adjectives#; verbs, theme in, 738-741; inflection of, 743-791; formation of pres. stem of, 828-838; list of, 922-986, see #Verbs#.

#Principal cases#, 1111, 1112.

#Principal parts#, of the verb, 733-735; classification of verbs according to, 920-1022, see #Verbs#.

#Privation#, see #Separation#.

#Proceleusmatic#, 2521.

#Proclitics#, 92.

#Prohibitions#, expressed by subjv., 1547-1551; expressed by imper., 1581-1586; expressed by fut., 1624; perf. infin. with #volō#, #nōlō# in, 2224.

#Promise#, expressed by fut., 1619; implication of, in fut. perf., 1629.

#Promising#, verbs of, with acc. and infin., 2186; with pres. infin., 2186, 2221, 2236.

#Pronominal#, see #Pronouns#.

#Pronoun#, questions, 1526-1530; questions, indirect, 1785.

#Pronouns#, defined, 9; as proclitics, 92; inflection of, 644-694; personal, 644-651; reflexive, 644-651; possess., 652-655; demonstrative, 656-670; determinative, 656-659, 671-675; of identity, 656-659, 676-678; intensive, 656-659, 679, 680; rel., interrogative, indef. 656-659, 681-694; interrogative, adj. and subst. forms of, 683-685; indef., adj. and subst. forms of, 686; reduplicated, 650; correlative, 695, 1831; advs. from, 696-698, 701, 702, 704-710.