Part 67

With gen., 1242, 1248, 1253, 1254; acc. of appellative used as, 1145; compar., followed by abl. or #quam#, 1327-1330; development into preps., 696, 1402-1404; preps. with force of, 1407, 1408, 1432; words used as preps. and advs., 1412-1416, 1421; prepositional expressions equivalent to, 1428; function of, 1438; with meaning of adj., 1439; with partic. used as substs., 1440; with substs., 1441; used in place of substs., 1442; use of neg. advs., 1443-1453; neg. advs., two in one sentence, 1452, 1453; two advs., compared, 1457; used as connectives, 1687-1692, 2133-2159; postpositive, 1688; subordinate sentences as, 1715; #quō#, #unde#, &c., in place of rel. pron. with prep., 1793; indef. rel., introducing indic., 1814; numeral, 2404, 2405; numeral, forms in #-iēns#, #-iēs#, 2414.

#Adversative#, words, use of, 1676-1686, 2131, 2150-2153.

#Advising#, verbs of, case with, 1181-1185; with purpose clause, 1950.

#Affirmative#, expressed by two negatives, 1452; answer, expected with #-ne#, #-n#, 1504; answer, expected with #nōnne#, 1506; answer, expected with #num#, 1507; answer, how expressed, 1511, 1512; meaning of #haud sciō an#, &c., 1782; coordination, 2159; sentence, #aliquis# in, 2390; sentence, #quīvīs#, #quīlibet#, #utervīs#, #uterlibet# in, 2401.

#Agent#, suffixes denoting, 204-211; of action, see #Doer#.

#Agreement#, of subst., 1077-1081; of mobile substs., 1078; explaining two or more substs., 1079; collective or distributive, explaining plur., 1080; in apposition with thought or clause, 1081.

Of adjective, 1082-1098; with persons or things implied in subst., 1083; attributive, with one of several substs., 1084; attributive, sing. with plur. subst., 1085; with combined adj. and subst., 1086; pred., with substs. denoting persons, 1088; with substs. denoting things, 1089; with substs. denoting persons and things, 1090; with nearest subst., 1091; #absente nōbīs#, 1092; neut. adj. used as subst. in pred., 1093.

Of verb, 1062-1076, 1080, 1807; in plur. with several sing. subjs., 1064, 1065; in sing. with several sing. subjs., 1066, 1067; with mixed subjs., sing. and plur., 1068; with sing. subj. and abl. with #cum#, 1069; when subjs. are connected by #nec . . . nec#, #aut#, #aut . . . aut#, 1070; with collectives, 1071; agreeing with appositive or pred. subst., 1072; when subjs. are of different pers., 1076; agreeing with subst. introduced by #quam#, &c., 1073; #age#, &c., 1075; agreeing in pers. with antec. of rel. or implied antec., 1807.

Of pronouns, demonstrative, determinative, rel., 1093-1098, 1801-1811; agreement determined by sense, 1095, 1804; with several substs., 1096, 1803; agreeing with pred. subst., 1097, 1806; in agreement, equivalent to gen., 1098.

#Aim#, of motion, denoted by acc., 1157-1166; of motion, acc. of, combined with a second acc., 1174; verbs of, with purpose clause, 1949.

#Alcaic#, strophe, 2545; the nine-syllabled, 2642; the lesser (decasyllabic), 2663; the greater (hendecasyllabic), 2667, 2668; in Horace, 2736.

#Alcmanian#, verse, 2577; strophe, 2724.

#Alphabet#, treated, 16-29; source of, 18; changes in, 17, 19, 21, 25; letters of, gender, 412; see #Pronunciation#.

#Amphibrach#, 2522.

#Anaclasis#, 2711.

#Anacrusis#, 2529, 2530.

#Analogical lengthening#, 123.

#Anapaest#, defined, 2521; cyclic, 2523.

#Anapaestic#, rhythms, 2682-2690; tetrameter acatalectic, 2684, 2685; tetrameter catalectic, 2686; dimeter acatalectic, 2687; dimeter catalectic, 2688, 2689.

#Anaphora#, 1692.

#Anaptyctical vowel#, 172; 111, _b_.

#Annalistic present#, 1591.

#Answers#, forms of expected, 1504-1510, 1563; yes and no, how expressed, 1511-1514; of alternative questions, how expressed, 1525.

#Antecedent#, defined, 1796; position of, 1796-1798; omitted, 1798, 1799; indef., 1799; implied in possess., 1807; rules for agreement of rel. with, 1082-1098, 1801-1811; see also #Relative#.

#Antepenult#, defined, 175; when accented, 86, 2.

#Antibacchius#, 2522.

#Antispast#, 2522.

#Antitheses#, asyndeton in, 1640.

#Anxiety#, expressions of, with #ut#, #nē# clauses, 1957, 1958.

#Apex#, 29, 3.

#Aphaeresis#, 110, 112, 168.

#Apocope#, 110, 113, 168.

#Apodosis#, defined, 1061; fut. perf. in, coincident in time with fut. perf. in prot., 1627; with #tam#, #nōn minus#, #nōn magis#, #aequē#, #perinde#, #iūxtā#, 1889, 1890; correlative lacking in, 1890; see #Conditional#, #Relative#, #Conjunctive#.

#Appeal#, questions of, in pres. indic., 1531; in fut., 1531, 1623; in subjv., 1563; in subordinate sentence, 1731; tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753; in indirect question, 1786; in ind. disc., 2313, 2314.

Accusative in, 1150.

#Appellatives#, defined, 5; in acc. with expressions of motion, 1161; loc. of, 1337-1341; used without prep. to denote place where, 1344-1347; used with prep. to denote place where, 1347.

#Appointing#, see #Making#.

#Appositive#, defined, 1045; verb agreeing with, 1072; agreement of, 1077-1081; to a thought or clause, 1081; with loc., 1333, 1340, 1341; gen. as, with possess. pron., 1235; gen. used for, 1256; dat. used for, 1213; to a rel., 1809; sentence with #quod# as, 1845; infin. as subst. acc. in apposition, 2204; infin. as subst. nom. in apposition, 2207; appositive partic., 2293-2296.

#Appurtenance#, adj. suffixes denoting, 302-330.

#Archilochian#, verse, 2578-2580; the lesser, 2579; the greater, 2677; strophe, in Horace, 2725-2728.

#Aristophanic#, 2658.

#Arsis#, 2520.

#Ascending rhythms#, 2528.

#Asclepiadean#, the lesser, 2669; the greater, 2670; in Horace, 2729-2733.

#Asking#, verbs of, with two accusatives, 1169-1171; with acc. and prepositional phrase, 1170; with indirect question, 1774; with gerundive construction, 2250.

#Asseverations#, pres. subjv. in, 1542; fut. in, 1622; #ita . . . ut# in, 1542, 1622, 1937; expressed by #nam#, 2155.

#Assimilation#, of vowels, 144; of consonants, 163-166; subjv. of, 1728; subjv. of, sequence of tenses in, 1770-1772.

#Assumption#, expressed by subjv. of desire, 1553; expressed by fut., 1620.

#Asynartetic verses#, 2535.

#Asyndetic#, coordination, defined, 1637; in simple sentences, 1638-1642; between sentences or periods, 2123-2127.

#Asyndeton#, enumerative, 2126; of summary, 2127; see #Asyndetic#.

#Atonic syllable#, 102.

#Attraction#, of verb, subst., adj., pron., partic., see #Agreement#, subjv. of, 1728; sequence of tenses in, 1770-1772; in #cum# sentences, 1859; in #quoniam# sentences, 1882-1884; in #quam# sentences, 1888; in #quamquam# sentences, 1901; in sentences with #postquam#, #ubī̆#, #ut#, &c., 1924; with #dum#, #dōnec#, #quoad#, #quamdiū#, 1994.

#Attribute#, defined, 1039; kinds of, 1040-1043; attached to proper name, 1044; with loc., 1332, 1333; with #domum#, #domōs#, 1164.

#Attributive#, subst., agreement of, 1077-1081; adj., agreement of, 1082-1098, see #Agreement#; subordinate sentence as, 1715; use of #antequam#, 1920; gerundive, 2248, 2249; partic., 2282-2286.

#Avoiding#, verbs of, with #nē# and subjv., 1960.

#Bacchiac rhythms#, 2698-2706.

#Bacchius#, 2521.

#Begin#, verbs meaning, with infin., 2169.

#Believing#, verbs of, with dat., 1181, 1182.

#Benefiting#, verbs of, case with, 1205-1210.

#Birth#, place of, in abl., 1309; verbs of, with abl., 1312.

#Blaming#, verbs of, used with #quod#, 1852.

#Books#, pres. used in, 1592; see #Titles#.

#Brachycatalectic verse#, 2538.

#Bucolic diaeresis#, 2559.

#Buying#, verbs of, with gen., 1274; with abl., 1388-1392.

#Caesura#, 2542-2544; hiatus in, 2477; masculine and feminine, 2557; after the third trochee, 2558.

#Calling#, verbs of, with two accusatives, 1167; with indef. subj., 1033.

#Can#, verbs meaning, with infin., 2169.

#Capability#, suffixes denoting, 284, 292-294.

#Capable#, adjs. meaning, with gerundive construction or gerund, 2252.

#Cardinal numerals#, decl. of, 637-642, 431; list of, 2404, 2405; some forms of, 2415-2418; in dates, 2419; in combination with #singulī#, 2420.

#Case#, endings, function of, 398; endings, lacking in prons., 645; the cases, defined, 419, 420; oblique cases, defined, 419; nouns, defective in, see #Defective#; rules for formation of the cases of nouns, general, 422-428; in #-ā-# stems, 436-443; in #-o-# stems, 452-465; in cons. stems, 495-507; in #-i-# stems, 540-564; in #-u-# stems, 590-595; in #-ē-# stems, 602-607; principal and secondary cases, 1111, 1112; see #Agreement#, #Nominative#, &c., #Prepositions#.

#Catalectic verse#, defined, 2537; _in syllabam_, &c., 2539.

#Catalexis#, 2537.

#Catullus#, lyric strophes of, 2738.

#Causal#, sentences, defined, 1716; mood in, 1721; subjv. of ind. disc. and attraction in, 1722, 2319; tense of, after secondary, 1756; words, use of, 2133, 2154-2158; see #Cause#.

#Causative#, verbs, 368; use of verb, 2304.

#Cause#, gen. of, 1232-1238; abl. of, 1316-1319; expressed by abl. abs., 1317, 1367; coordinated member denoting, 1703; rel. sentences of, 1824-1830; expressed by sentence with #quod#, #quia#, 1838-1858; expressed by sentence with #cum#, 1859, 1874-1880; expressed by sentence with #quoniam#, 1882, 1884; expressed by sentence with #postquam#, #ubī̆#, #ut#, &c., 1926, 1930; expressed by sentence with #dum#, 1998; expressed by sentence with #quandō#, #quandōque#, 2010, 2013, 2014; expressed by abl. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2266; expressed by partic., 2295, 1317; otherwise expressed, 1317.

#Cease#, verbs meaning, with infin., 2169.

#Change#, in characters of alphabet, 17, 19, 21, 25; in sound of vowels, 95-145; in sound of diphthongs, 95-101; in sound of consonants, 146-174; see #Substitution#, #Development#, #Disappearance#, #Assimilation#, #Dissimilation#, #Interchange#, #Lengthening#, #Shortening#, #Weakening#, #Hiatus#, #Contraction#, #Elision#, #Affinities#.

#Characteristic#, rel. sentences of, 1818-1823.

#Charge#, gen. of, 1280-1282.

#Choliambus#, 2597-2600.

#Choosing#, verbs of, with two accusatives, 1167; with pred. abl., 1363.

#Choriambic rhythms#, 2707.

#Choriambus#, 2521.

#Circumflex accent#, 174-177.

#Circumstances#, expressed by abl. abs., 1362, 1365; by abl. of gerundive construction or gerund, 2266.

#Cities#, see #Towns#.

#Claudus#, trochaic tetrameter, 2639-2641.

#Clause#, defined, 1055; subst. in apposition to, 1081; see #Sentence#, #Subordinate#.

#Clausula#, 2536.

#Climax#, asyndeton in, 1639; introduced by #vērō#, 1684.

#Cognate#, see #Kindred#.

#Coincident action#, defined, 1733; introduced by #quī#, 1826; introduced by #quod#, #quia#, 1850; introduced by #cum#, 1864, 1874; introduced by #dum#, 1998.

#Collectives#, defined, 6; suffixes forming, 228, 249; with sing. and plur. verb, 1071, 1080; with plur. subst., 1080; words denoting person used as, 1099; used in abl. with #ab#, 1477.

#Colon#, 2532.

#Combination#, of sentences, 1055; of substs. by a prep., 1426-1428; of different copulatives, 1662-1666.

#Command#, acc. in, 1150; intimated by question, 1531; expressed by subjv., 1547-1552; expressed by imper., 1571-1586; accompanied by voc. or voc. nom., 1571; expressed by fut., 1624; introduced by #proinde#, #proin#, 2157; verbs of, case with, 1181-1185; subjv. coordinated with verbs of, 1708; verbs of, with purpose clause, 1950; verbs of, with acc. and infin., 2200-2202.

#Common#, names, defined, 5; quantity, definition and sign of, 30; gender, nouns of, 410.

#Comparative#, of adjectives, diminutive formed from stem of, 340; formed from stems and roots, 342; stem of, 346, 470; suffixes of, 346-348; doubled suffix of, 348; lacking, 358, 360; formed by #magis#, 360; declension and case forms of, 621-623, 503, 505, 507; used as adverbs, 701; of adverbs, ending of, 361, 363, 364; lacking, 364.

Use of, 1455-1464; general function of, 1455; used in comparison of adjs. and advs., 1457, 1458; combined with a positive, 1458; modified by abl. of difference, 1393, 1459; modified by acc., 1398; expressing disproportion, 1460, 1461; in neg. sentence, for superl., 1462; emphasized by #magis#, 1463; modified by #aequē#, 1463; with abl., for positive, 1464; strengthening a superl., 1468; agreeing with a rel., 1810; followed by #quam#, #quam ut#, #quam quī#, 1896; #quō# of purpose with, 1974; followed by #quasi#, 2122; followed by abl. of gerundive construction, 2268; double, with #quam . . . tam#, 1893; with #quantō . . . tantō#, 1973.

Sentence, defined, 1716; with #ut#, coordinated member equivalent to, 1704; #quisquam# and #ūllus# in, 2402; period of equality, #tam . . . quam#, &c. in, 1889, 1895; of inequality, 1894; with #quō# and #eō#, 1973.

#Comparison#, of adjs., 342-360; in #-ior#, #issimus#, 343; of adjs. in #-ilis#, 345, 359; of adjs. in #-er#, 344; with superl. in #-rimus#, 344, 350; with superl. in #-limus#, 345, 350; with superl. in #-timus#, 351; with superl. in #-mus# or #-imus#, 352; with compar. in #-erī# or #-er#, 347, 348; with compar. and superl. from different forms of same stem or from different stems, 353-355; without positive, 356, 357; without compar., 358; without superl., 359; with #magis# and #maximē#, 360; not admitted, 360.

Of adverbs, 361-364; with superl. in #-ēd#, 362; with superl. in #-ō# or #-um#, 362; without positive, 363; without compar., 364; without superl., 364.

Of participles, 2284.

Use of degrees of, 1454-1468, see #Positive#, #Comparative#, #Superlative#.

Ablative of, 1320-1330; #atque#, #et# in, 1653, 1654; periods of, with #quam#, 1888-1898; with #tamquam#, 1908-1910; conditional periods of, 2117-2122.

#Compensation#, 121.

#Complement#, the essential, defined, 1177; the essential, uses of, 1180-1204; the optional, defined, 1178; the optional, uses of, 1205-1218; see #Dative#.

#Complementary#, dat., see #Dative#; final clauses, 1948-1960; consecutive clauses, 1948, 1965-1969; infin., 2168-2171, 2223-2225, 1953.

#Completed#, action, tenses of, 1603, 1605, 1614, 1626, 2218.

#Complex#, sentence, defined, 1058; varieties of, 1058-1061; treated, 1714-2122, see #Sentence#.

#Composition#, treated, 376-396; of nouns, 379-390; real compounds, 379-385; apparent compounds, 386-390; of verbs, 391-396; real compounds, 391, 392, 790; apparent compounds, 393-396, 790; verb with verb, 394; subst. with verb, 395; adv. with verb, 396; of partic., 2284.

#Compound#, words, defined, 181; containing mute or #f# followed by #l# or #r#, 178; direct, defined, 377; indirect, defined, 377; real, defined, 378; apparent, defined, 378; determinative, defined, 382-384; objective, defined, 384; possess., defined, 385; compound formative suffixes, defined, 200; compound verbs, with stem differing from simple, 821-823; perf. of, 823; reduplication in, 860, 861; forms of, 922-1020; cases with, 1137, 1138, 1187, 1191, 1194-1199, 1209; formation of, 1402-1409; compound sentence, defined, 1056; abridged, 1057; treated, 1636-1713; see #Sentence#, #Composition#.

#Compounds#, of #dīc#, #dūc#, accent of, 88; of roots #fac-#, #ag-#, #cap-#, 370; of #faciō#, accent of, 394; of #faciō#, form of, 394; in #-cola# and #-gena#, gen. plur. of, 439; in #-fer# and #-ger#, decl. of, 454, 616; of #dō#, 756, 757; of #eō#, 763-767; of #edō#, 771; in #-fīō# and #-ficior#, 790; of #dūcō#, imper. of, 846; of #ne#, 1444, 1445; changes within, 174.

#Conative#, use of verb, 2301-2303.

#Conceivable#, action, subjv. of, in main sentence, 1554-1562; in subordinate sentence, 1731; tense of, in subordinate sentence, 1753; in rel. characteristic or result sentences, 1818; in #quam# sentences, 1888, 1896; in #quamquam# sentences, 1901; in sentences of result with #ut#, 1947; in sentences of purpose with #ut#, 1962; with #dum#, #dōnec#, #quoad#, #quamdiū#, 1994; in sentences with #quandō#, 2010.

#Concession#, expressed by abl. abs., 1367; expressed by subjv. of desire, 1553; expressed by imper., 1571; expressed by fut., 1620; coordinated member equivalent to clause of, 1702, 1710; rel. sentences of, 1824-1830; expressed by sentence with #quod#, 1843; expressed by sentence with #quamquam#, 1900; expressed by sentence with #quamvīs#, 1904; expressed by sentence with #quamlibet#, 1907; expressed by sentence with #ut#, #nē#, 1963; expressed by sentence with #etsī#, #tametsī#, &c., 2116; expressed by partic., 2295; #ille (quidem)#, #hīc#, #is#, #iste# in, 2361.

#Concessive#, sentences, defined, 1716; tense of, after secondary, 1756; #cum#, 1876-1880; #ut . . . ita#, #sīc#, 1938; protases, 2116; conjunctions and advs., use of, 2133, 2150-2153.

#Conclusion#, introduced by #ergō#, #itaque#, #igitur#, 2158; see #Conditional#.

#Concrete#, substs., defined, 5.

#Condemning#, verbs of, with gen., 1280-1282; with abl., 1280-1282; with #quod#, 1852.

#Conditional#, sentences, defined, 1716; subjv. of ind. disc. and attraction in, 1722; subjv. of repeated action in, 1730; wish in form of, with #sī#, #ō sī#, 1546; unchanged after primary tense, 1753; with #sī#, #sī fōrte#, for indirect question, 1777; rel. sentences equivalent to, 1812; #cum# sentences equivalent to, 1859; expressed by #ut#, #nē . . . sīc#, proviso, 1964.

Periods, 2016-2021; development of, 2016; words introducing prot., 2019-2021; classes of, 2022-2024.

Indeterminate protases, 2025-2090; indic. use, 2025-2071.

Present indicative in prot., 2026-2033; with apod. in pres. indic., 2026; with apod. in perf. indic., 2027; with apod. in impf. indic., 2028; with apod. in plup. indic., 2029; with apod. in fut., 2030; with apod. in fut. perf., 2031; with apod. in imper., 2032; with apod. in pres. subjv., 2033.

Perfect indicative in prot., 2034-2041; with apod. in pres. indic., 2034; with apod. in perf. indic., 2035; with apod. in plup. indic., 2036; with apod. in fut., 2037; with apod. in imper., 2038; with apod. in pres. subjv., 2039; with apod. in impf. subjv., 2040; with apod. in plup. subjv., 2041.

Imperfect indicative in prot., 2042-2047; with apod. in pres. indic., 2042; with apod. in perf. indic., 2043; with apod. in impf. indic., 2044; with apod. in fut., 2045; with apod. in pres. subjv., 2046; with apod. in impf. subjv., 2047.

Pluperfect indicative in prot., 2048-2051; with apod. in pres. indic., 2048; with apod. in perf. indic., 2049; with apod. in impf. indic., 2050; with apod. in impf. subjv., 2051.

Future in prot., 2052-2058; with apod. in pres. indic., 2052; with apod. in perf. indic., 2053; with apod. in fut., 2054; with apod. in fut. perf., 2055; with apod. in imper., 2056; with apod. in pres. subjv., 2057; with apod. in perf. subjv., 2058.

Future perfect in prot., 2059-2064; with apod. in pres. indic., 2059; with apod. in perf. indic., 2060; with apod. in fut., 2061; with apod. in fut. perf., 2062; with apod. in imper., 2063; with apod. in pres. subjv., 2064.

General, 2034, 2035, 2044, 2050, 2054, 2069-2071; special uses, 2065-2067; #nōn, sī ...# 2067; with #mīror#, #mīrum est#, 2068; use of subjv. for indic., 2069-2071.

Indeterminate protases, subjv. use, 2072-2090; indic. for subjv. in expressions of ability, duty, &c., 2074; non-occurrent action viewed as occurrent, 2075.

Prot. in pres. subjv., 2076-2083; prot. in perf. subjv., 2084-2088; apod. in pres. subjv., 2076, 2084; apod. in perf. subjv., 2077, 2085; apod. in pres. indic., 2078; apod. in fut., 2079, 2086; apod. in fut. perf., 2080; apod. in periphrastic, 2081, 2087; apod. in impf. subjv., 2082, 2088; apod. in plup. subjv., 2083; conversion to past time, 2089; periods of exemplification, 2054, 2090.

Protases of action non-occurrent, 2024, 2091-2108; force of tenses, 2091-2093; prot. in impf. subjv., 2094-2097; prot. in plup. subjv., 2096, 2098-2107; periphrastic prot., 2108; apod. in impf. subjv., 2094, 2097, 2108; apod. in plup. subjv., 2095, 2098, 2108; apod. in pres. subjv., 2098; periphrastic apod., 2096, 2100; apod. in impf. indic., 2101, 2102, 2104, 2106; apod. in perf. indic., 2101, 2103-2105; apod. in plup. indic., 2104, 2107.

Variation of prot., 2109-2111; variation of apod., 2112-2115; forms which apod. may take, 2018; coordinated member equivalent to prot., 1574, 1701; imper. as prot., 1574; prot. expressed by abl. abs., 2295; prot. expressed by partic., 2295; conditional comparisons, 2117-2122; protases in ind. disc., 2326-2329; apodoses in ind. disc., 2330-2334; sentence, #quisquam# and #ūllus# in, 2402.

#Conjugation#, defined, 397; of #sum#, 744-750; of #possum#, 744, 751-753; of #dō#, 744, 754-757; of #bibō#, #serō#, #sistō#, 744, 758; of #inquam#, 759-761; of #eō#, 759, 762-767; of #queō#, #nequeō#, 759, 768; of #edō#, 769-771; of #volō#, 772-774; of #nōlō#, 772, 775-777; of #mālō#, 772, 778, 779; of #ferō#, 772, 780, 781; of verbs in #-ere# (third conjug.), 782-784; of #aiō#, 785-787; of #fīō#, 785, 788-790; of verbs in #-iō#, #-ere#, 784-791; of verbs in #-āre# (first conjug.), 792, 793; of verbs in #-ēre# (sec. conjug.), 794, 795; of verbs in #-īre# (fourth conjug.), 796, 797; of deponent verbs, 798-801; of periphrastic forms, 802-804; see #Stems#, #Person#, #Formation#.

#Conjunctional#, see #Conjunctive#.

#Conjunctions#, defined, 13; origin of, 696; copulative, use of, 1644-1661, 1687-1692, 1881, 2133-2149; combination of different, 1662-1666; disjunctive, use of, 1667-1675, 2133-2149; adversative, use of, 1676-1686, 2133, 2150-2153; postpositive, 1676; #quamquam# as, 1899, 1900; #quamvīs# as, 1904, 1905; #quī#, 1976; concessive, use of, 2133, 2150-2153; causal and illative, use of, 2133, 2154-2158; affirmative coordination, 2159; see #Connectives#.