Part 55

Sphæroplea. | Vaucheria (_Cœloblastæ_). | { Saprolegnieæ. | { Peronosporeæ. Volvocineæ. | Œdogonieæ. | Fucoideæ. |

Class IV. Carposporeæ.

Coleochæteæ. | Ascomycetes (including Lichens). Florideæ. | Æcidiomycetes (Uredineæ). Characeæ. | Basidiomycetes.

System of A. W. EICHLER (1883).

A. =Cryptogamæ.= I. =Thallophyta.= 1. Class. ALGÆ. 1 Group. Cyanophyceæ. 2 „ Diatomeæ. 3 „ Chlorophyceæ. 1 Series. Conjugatæ. 2 „ Zoosporeæ. 3 „ Characeæ. 4 Group. Phæophyceæ. 5 „ Rhodophyceæ. 2. Class. FUNGI. 1 Group. Schizomycetes. 2 „ Eumycetes. 1 Series. Phycomycetes. 2 „ Ustilagineæ. 3 „ Æcidiomycetes. 4 „ Ascomycetes. 5 „ Basidiomycetes. 3 Group. Lichenes. II. =Bryophyta.= 1 Group. Hepaticæ. 2 „ Musci. III. =Pteridophyta.= 1 Class. EQUISETINÆ. 2 „ LYCOPODINÆ. 3 „ FILICINÆ. B. =Phanerogamæ.= 1. Gymnospermæ. 2. Angiospermæ.

The subdivisions of the Phanerogamæ have with little variation been adopted in this book.

Classification of the THALLOPHYTES, adopted in the 3rd Danish Edition (1891). [Algæ by Wille; Fungi by Rostrup (_after Zopf_).]

=I. DIVISION. THALLOPHYTA.= I. Sub-division. =Algæ.= 1 Class. CHLOROPHYCEÆ (GREEN ALGÆ). 1 Family. Conjugatæ. 2 „ Protococcoideæ. 3 „ Confervoideæ. 4 „ Siphoneæ. 5 „ Gyrophyceæ. 2 Class. PHÆOPHYCEÆ (BROWN ALGÆ). 1 Family. Syngeneticæ. 2 „ Dinoflagellata. 3 „ Pyritophyceæ (Diatomeæ). 4 „ Phæosporeæ. 5 „ Cyclosporeæ. 6 „ Dictyoteæ. 3 Class. ACILIATÆ. A. Sub-class. _Schizophyceæ._ 1 Family. Myxophyceæ (Blue-Green Algæ). 2 „ Bacteria. B. Sub-class. _Rhodophyceæ._ 1 Family. Bangioideæ. 2 „ Florideæ. II. Sub-division. =Myxomycetes.= III. „ =Fungi.= A. =Phycomycetes.= 1 Class. OOMYCETES. 2 „ ZYGOMYCETES. B. =Mycomycetes.= 3 Class. BASIDIOMYCETES. A. Sub-class. _Protobasidiomycetes._ B. „ _Autobasidiomycetes._ 1 Family. Hymenomycetes. 2 „ Gasteromycetes. 3 „ Basidiolichenes. 4 Class. ASCOMYCETES. 1 Family. Gymnoasci. 2 „ Perisporieæ. 3 „ Pyrenomycetes. 4 „ Discomycetes. 5 „ Ascolichenes.

System of A. ENGLER (_Syllabus der Vorlesungen_, etc., 1892).

=I. DIVISION. MYXOTHALLOPHYTA.= Sub-division. =Myxomycetes.= 1 Class. ACRASIEÆ. 2 „ PLASMODIOPHORALES. 3 „ MYXOGASTERES. 1 Series. Ectosporeæ. 2 „ Endosporeæ.

=II. DIVISION. EUTHALLOPHYTA.= I. Sub-division. =Schizophyta.= 1 Class. SCHIZOPHYCEÆ. 2 „ SCHIZOMYCETES. II. Sub-division. =Dinoflagellata.= Class. DINOFLAGELLATA. 1 Series. Adinida. 2 „ Dinifera. III. Sub-division. =Bacillariales.= Class. BACILLARIALES. IV. Sub-division. =Gamophyceæ.= 1 Class. CONJUGATÆ. 2 „ CHLOROPHYCEÆ. 1 Sub-class. _Protococcales._ 2 „ _Confervales._ 3 „ _Siphoneæ._ 3 Class. CHARALES. 4 „ PHÆOPHYCEÆ. 1 Sub-class. _Phæosporeæ._ 2 „ _Cyclosporeæ._ 5 Class. DICTYOTALES. 6 „ RHODOPHYCEÆ. 1 Sub-class. _Bangiales._ 2 „ _Florideæ._ 1 Series. Nemalionales. 2 „ Gigartinales. 3 „ Rhodymeniales. 4 „ Cryptonemiales. V. Sub-division. =Fungi.= 1 Class. PHYCOMYCETES. 1 Series. Zygomycetes. 2 „ Oomycetes. 1 Sub-series. Chytridiales. 2 „ Mycosiphonales. 2 Class. MESOMYCETES. 1 Sub-class. _Hemiasci._ 2 „ _Hemibasidii._ 3 Class. MYCOMYCETES. 1 Sub-class. _Ascomycetes._ 1 Series. Exoasci. 2 „ Carpoasci. 1 Sub-series. Gymnoascales. 2 „ Perisporiales. 3 „ Pyrenomycetes. Appended. Pyrenolichenes. 4 Sub-series. Hysteriales. 5 „ Discomycetes. Appended. Discolichenes. 2 Sub-class. _Basidiomycetes._ 1 Series. Protobasidiomycetes. 1 Sub-series. Uredinales. 2 „ Auriculariales. 3 „ Tremellinales. 4 „ Pilacrales. 2 Series. Autobasidiomycetes. 1 Sub-series. Dacryomycetes. 2 „ Hymenomycetes. Appended. Hymenolichenes. 3 Sub-series. Phalloideæ. 4 „ Gasteromycetes. Appended. Gasterolichenes. Fungi imperfecti.

=III. DIVISION. EMBRYOPHYTA ZOIDIOGAMA= (Archegoniatæ). I. Sub-division. =Bryophyta (Muscinei).= 1 Class. HEPATICÆ. 1 Series. Marchantiales. 2 „ Anthocerotales. 3 „ Jungermanniales. 1 Sub-series. Anacrogynæ. 2 „ Acrogynæ. 2 Class. MUSCI. 1 Sub-class. _Sphagnales._ 2 „ _Andreæales._ 3 „ _Archidiales._ 4 „ _Bryales._ 1 Series. Cleistocarpæ. 2 „ Stegocarpæ. 1 Sub-series. Acrocarpæ. 2 „ Pleurocarpæ. II. Sub division. =Pteridophyta.= 1 Class. FILICALES. 1 Sub-class. _Filices._ 1 Series. Planithallosæ. 2 „ Tuberithallosæ. 2 Sub-class. _Hydropterides._ 2 Class. EQUISETALES. 1 Sub-class. _Isosporæ._ 2 „ _Heterosporæ._ 3 Class. SPHENOPHYLLALES. 4 „ LYCOPODICELES. 1 Sub-class. _Isosporæ._ 2 „ _Heterosporæ._

IV. DIVISION. EMBRYOPHYTA SIPHONOGAMA.

(Siphonogamæ, Phanerogamæ).

I. Sub-division. =Gymnospermæ.= 1 Class. CYCADALES. 2 „ CORDAITALES. 3 „ BENNETTITALES. 4 „ CONIFERÆ. 5 „ GNETALES. II. Sub-division. =Angiospermæ.= 1 Class. CHALAZOGAMÆ. Series. Verticillatæ. 2 Class. ACROGAMÆ. 1 Sub-class. _Monocotyledoneæ._ 1 Series. Pandanales. 2 „ Helobiæ. 3 „ Glumifloræ. 4 „ Principes. 5 „ Synanthæ. 6 „ Spathifloræ. 7 „ Farinosæ. 8 „ Liliifloræ. 9 „ Scitamineæ. 10 „ Microspermæ.

2 Sub-class. _Dicotyledoneæ._

1 Group of Series. Archichlamydeæ.

1 Series. Piperales. 2 „ Juglandales. 3 „ Salicales. 4 „ Fagales. 5 „ Urticales. 6 „ Proteales. 7 „ Santalales. 8 „ Aristolochiales. 9 „ Polygonales. 10 „ Centrospermæ. 11 „ Ranales. 12 „ Rhœadales. 13 „ Sarraceniales. 14 „ Rosales. 15 „ Geraniales. 16 „ Sapindales. 17 „ Rhamnales. 18 „ Malvales. 19 „ Parietales. 20 „ Opuntiales. 21 „ Thymelæales. 22 „ Myrtifloræ. 23 „ Umbellifloræ.

2 Group of Series. Sympetalæ.

1 Series. Ericales. 2 „ Primulales. 3 „ Ebenales. 4 „ Contortæ. 5 „ Tubifloræ. 6 „ Plantaginales. 7 „ Rubiales. 8 „ Aggregatæ. 9 „ Campanulatæ.

TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS.

S = Sepals. P = Petals. Pr = Perianth. A = Andrœcium. G = Gynœceum.

♂ = Male. ♀ = Female. ☿ = Hermaphrodite. ∞ = Indefinite.

Names of continents and countries have sometimes been abbreviated, for example:--Am. = America; As.=Asia; Af. = Africa; Ind. = India, etc. N., S., E., W., = North, South, East, West; Temp. = Temperate Regions; Trop. = Tropics.

INDEX.

Abelia, 556.

Abies, 124, 129, 130, 132, 133, 148, 155, 165, 246, 264, 265, 266.

Abietaceæ, 255, 263, 272.

Abrus, 470, 473.

Abutilon, 427.

Acacia, 473, 474, 475. False, 470.

Acalypha, 434.

Acanthaceæ, 518, 529, 530.

Acanthus, 530.

Acer, 122, 441, 442.

Aceraceæ, 441.

Aceranthus, 390.

Acetabularia, 12, 63.

Achillea, 568, 572, 574.

Achimenes, 528.

Achlya, 107, 108.

Achnantheæ, 21.

Achras, 511.

Acinetæ, 68, 72.

Aconitum, 379, 383.

Acorin, 306.

Acorus, 303, 304, 306.

Acrasieæ, 6.

Acrocarpi, 196.

Acrocomia, 301.

Acrogynæ, 192.

Acrospermaceæ, 132.

Acrostichum, 213.

Acrotonous, 331.

Acrotylaceæ, 83.

Acrotylus, 83.

Actæa, 379, 380, 382.

Actinidia, 415.

Adansonia, 427.

Adder’s tongue, 211.

Adenanthera, 475.

Adiantum, 201, 206, 213.

Adinida, 17.

Adlumia, 395.

Adonis, 379, 383.

Adoxa, 453, 555.

Aerobic, 31.

Æchmea, 319, 320.

Æcidiospores, 147.

Æcidium, 147, 148, 150, 155.

Ægiceras, 513.

Ægilops, 296.

Ægopodium, 494.

Æschynanthus, 528.

Æsculinæ, 439.

Æsculus, 440.

Æthalium, 8.

Æthusa, 495, 498.

Affonsea, 466.

Agapanthus, 312, 314.

Agar-Agar, 33, 84.

Agaricaceæ, 166.

Agaricinei, 171.

Agathis, 263.

Agave, 318.

Agaveæ, 318.

Ageratum, 571.

Aggregatæ, 505, 564.

Agraphis, 312.

Agrimonia, 459, 460.

Agrimonieæ, 459.

Agrimony, 459.

Agropyrum, 113, 295.

Agrostemma, 365, 367.

Agrostideæ, 294.

Agrostis, 294.

Ahnfeltia, 83.

Ailanthus, 439.

Aira, 294.

Aizoaceæ, 374.

Aizoideæ, 374.

Aizoon, 375.

Ajuga, 47, 537.

Ajugeæ, 537.

Akebia, 390.

Akinetes, 10.

Alaria, 71, 72.

Albugo, 107.

Albumen, 246.

Albuminous, 249.

Albumose, 473.

Alchemilla, 460.

Alchornea, 432.

Alcoholic fermentation, 97.

Alder, 8, 118, 341.

Aldrovandia, 408, 409.

Aleurites, 434.

Algæ, 1, 4, 8.

Algal-Fungi, 95, 96.

Alhagi, 472.

Alisma, 281, 282.

Alismaceæ, 278, 281.

Alismeæ, 281.

Alkanet, 534.

Alkanna, 534, 535.

Alliariinæ, 404.

Allieæ, 312.

Allium, 312, 313, 314.

Alloplectus, 528.

Allosorus, 213.

Almeidea, 437.

Almond, 461, 462.

Alnus, 8, 117, 118, 341, 342.

Alocasia. 306.

Aloë, 274, 312, 313, 314.

Aloineæ, 312.

Alonsoa, 525.

Alopecurus, 290, 294, 296.

Alpine Violet, 513.

Alpinia, 326.

Alsine, 364, 366.

Alsineæ, 365.

Alsodeia, 411.

Alsophila, 214, 215.

Alstrœmeria, 318.

Alstrœmerieæ, 318.

Alternanthera, 369.

Althæa, 426, 428, 429, 430.

Althenia, 279.

Alyssinæ, 404.

Alyssum, 400.

Amanita, 167, 171.

Amarantaceæ, 364, 368.

Amarant-tree, 468.

Amarantus, 368, 369.

Amarylleæ, 317.

Amaryllidaceæ, 310, 316.

Amaryllis, 317, 318.

Amber, 267.

Ambrosia, 573.

Ambrosieæ, 564, 567, 573.

Ambrosinia, 305.

Amelanchier, 464, 465.

Amentaceæ, 337.

Amherstia, 468.

Ammannia, 483.

Ammi, 494.

Ammieæ, 494.

Ammobium, 573.

Ammoniac-gum, 498.

Ammophila, 295.

Amomis, 488.

Amorpha, 470.

Ampelidaceæ, 445.

Ampelopsis, 445, 447.

Amphidinium, 16.

Amphigastria, 181, 188.

Amphipleureæ, 21.

Amphisphæriaceæ, 130.

Amphithecium, 186.

Amphitropideæ, 21.

Amphoreæ, 21.

Amsonia, 544.

Amygdalaceæ, 461, 466.

Amygdalin, 462.

Amygdalus, 461, 462.

Amyris, 438.

Anabæna, 25, 219.

Anacampseros, 373.

Anacamptis, 332.

Anacamptodon, 197.

Anacardiaceæ, 439.

Anacardium, 439.

Anacrogynæ, 192.

Anacyclus, 572, 574.

Anadyomene, 62.

Anaerobic, 31.

Anagallis, 513.

Anamirta, 390.

Ananassa, 319, 320.

Anastatica, 401.

Anathyllis, 471.

Anatropous, 242, 243.

Anchusa, 150, 531, 532, 534, 535.

Ancylistaceæ, 104.

Ancylonema, 44.

Andira, 472, 473.

Andreæa, 185, 187, 188, 195.

Andrœcium, 239.

Androgenesis, 14.

Andromeda, 161, 508.

Andromedeæ, 508.

Andropogon, 289, 293, 296.

Andropogoneæ, 293, 296.

Androsace, 512, 513.

Androspore, 57.

Aneimia, 215.

Anelatereæ, 192.

Anemone, 379, 384.

Anemoneæ, 384.

Anemonopsis, 379.

Anethum, 496, 498.

Aneura, 191, 192.

Angelica, 496, 498.

Angiopteris, 212.

Angiospermæ, 3, 234, 239, 250, 273.

Angiosperms, 237, 245, 248.

Angiosporeæ, 82.

Angosturæ, Cortex, 437.

Anguliferæ, 21.

Anise, 498.

Anlage, 90.

Annatto, 412.

Annularia, 225.

Annulariæ, 225.

Annulus, 195, 209. inferus, 167. superus, 168.

Anoda, 428, 429.

Anodic, 480.

Anomodon, 197.

Anona, 388.

Anonaceæ, 388.

Antennaria, 124, 573.

Anthemideæ, 572.

Anthemis, 569, 572, 574.

Anther, 237, 238. Fibrous layer of, 241. Structure of, 239.

Anthericeæ, 312.

Anthericum, 312, 313.

Antheridium, 13, 100, 198.

Antherozoid, 13.

Anthocarp, 374.

Anthoceros, 25, 186, 187, 188, 189, 191.

Anthoceroteæ, 191.

Antholyza, 321.

Anthostema, 432, 433.

Anthoxanthum, 295, 296.

Anthrax bacillus, 31, 39, 40.

Anthriscus, 493, 495, 498.

Anthurium, 304.

Anthyllis, 471.

Antiaris, 356.

Antipodal cells, 248.

Antirrhineæ, 523.

Antirrhinum, 524, 527.

Antisepsis, 32.

Apeiba, 424, 425.

Apetalæ, 336, 337.

Aphanizomenon, 25.

Aphanocapsa, 24.

Aphanochæte, 54.

Aphthæ, 180.

Aphyllanthes, 312.

Apiocystis, 51.

Apios, 471.

Apiosporium, 124.

Apium, 494, 498.

Aplanogametangium, 12.

Aplanogametes, 12.

Aplanospores, 10.

Apocynaceæ, 542, 543, 549.

Apocynum, 514.

Apogamy, 203.

Aponogeton, 281.

Aponogetonaceæ, 281.

Apospory, 188.

Apostasia, 329.

Apostasieæ, 328, 329.

Apothecium, 118, 132.

Apple, 127, 130, 464, 465.

Apricot, 121, 461, 462.

Aquifoliaceæ, 444.

Aquilegia, 378, 379, 381, 382.

Arabis, 402.

Araceæ, 276, 278, 303.

Arachis, 469, 472, 473.

Aralia, 491.

Araliaceæ, 454, 491, 549.

Araucaria, 237, 263.

Araucariaceæ, 257, 263, 272.

Arbor vitæ, 267.

Arbuteæ, 508.

Arbutus, 508.

Archangelica, 496, 498.

Archegoniata, 3, 185.

Archegonium, 3, 184, 198. Development of, 201.

Archesporium, 186, 202.

Archicarp, 120.

Archidium, 193, 195.

Arctostaphylos, 161, 508.

Arcyria, 7, 8.

Ardisia, 513.

Areca, 301, 302.

Areca-palm, 302.

Arecineæ, 301.

Arenaria, 366.

Arenga, 301.

Argemone, 395.

Aria, 152.

Aril, 255, 258.

Arineæ, 305.

Arisarum, 305.

Aristida, 295.

Aristolochia, 499, 500.

Aristolochiaceæ, 499.

Aristolochiales, 499.

Aristotelia, 425.

Armeniaca, 461.

Armeria, 514.

Armillaria, 117, 169, 170.

Arnebia, 533.

Arnica, 572, 574.

Arnoseris, 571.

Aronia, 464.

Arrack, 296, 301.

Arrow-head, 282.

Arrow-poison, 544, 546.

Arrowroot, 327, 434.

Artabotrys, 388.

Artemisia, 569, 572, 573, 574.

Arthonia, 134.

Arthoniaceæ, 134.

Arthrosporous, 29.

Arthrotaxis, 267.

Artichoke, 570, 574. Jerusalem, 572, 574.

Artocarpeæ, 354.

Artocarpus, 356.

Arum, 303, 304, 305, 306.

Arundo, 294, 296.

Asafœtida, 498.

Asarum, 499, 500.

Asclepiadaceæ, 238, 542, 544.

Asclepias, 545, 546.

Ascobolaceæ, 135.

Ascobolus, 136.

Ascocarps, 88.

Ascocorticium, 116, 117.

Ascogone, 120.

Ascoidea, 108.

Ascoideaceæ, 108.

Ascolichenes, 95, 116, 136.

Ascomycetes, 95, 114, 116.

Ascophyllum, 73, 75.

Ascospore, 88.

Ascus, 88.

Aseroë, 173.

Asexual reproductive cells, 10.

Ash, 127, 546, 547.

Asimina, 388.

Asparageæ, 314.

Asparagus, 314, 316.

Aspen, 152, 338.

Aspergillus, 122.

Asperifoliæ, 532.

Asperococcus, 70.

Asperugo, 534.

Asperula, 552, 553.

Asphodelus, 312, 313, 314.

Aspidistra, 314.

Aspidium, 203, 204, 207, 213, 214.

Aspidosperma, 344.

Asplenium, 213, 214.

Astelia, 316.

Aster, 569, 571, 573.

Astereæ, 571, 573.

Asteriscus, 574.

Asterocystis, 78.

Asterophylliteæ, 225.

Asterophyllites, 225.

Astragaleæ, 470.

Astragalus, 114, 470, 473.

Astrantia, 493.

Astrocarpus, 407.

Atherurus, 305.

Athyrium, 204, 207, 213.

Atragene, 379, 385.

Atraphaxis, 360.

Atriplex, 371, 372.

Atripliceæ, 371.

Atropa, 519, 521, 522, 523.

Atropine, 522.

Attalea, 297, 301.

Attar of Roses, 460.

Aubrietia, 400.

Aucuba, 491.

Aulacomnium, 197.

Aurantieæ, 437.

Auricula, 156.

Auricularia, 156.

Auriculariaceæ, 145, 155.

Austrian Pine, 267.

Autobasidia, 144.

Autobasidiomycetes, 96, 145, 157.

Autœcious, 148.

Autoxenous, 118.

Auxiliary cells, 81.

Auxospore, 19.

Avena, 294, 296.

Aveneæ, 294.

Avens, 458.

Averrhoa, 416.

Avicennia, 535.

Avignon grain, 448.

Awlwort, 401.

Awn, 288, 290.

Azalea, 508.

Azolla, 25, 219.

“Bablah,” 475.

Bacillus, 26, 28, 30, 31, 35, 36, 37. anthracis, 39. diphtheriæ, lepræ, mallei, tetani, tuberculosis, typhosus, 40.

Bacteria, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 22, 26.

Bacterium, 26, 28, 30, 35, 39.

Bactris, 301.

Bæomyces, 140, 142.

Balanophora, 504.

Balanophoraceæ, 504.

Ballota, 538.

Balsaminaceæ, 420.

Balsamodendron, 438.

Balsam of Copaiba, 468. of Peru, 473.

Bamboo, 289, 291, 292, 293.

Bambusa, 289, 291, 293.

Bambuseæ, 293, 296.

Banana, 324, 325.

Baneberry, 382.

Bangia, 77, 78.

Bangioideæ, 77.

Banksia, 450.

Baobab, 427.

Barbacenia, 318.

Barbarea, 402.

Barberries, 389.

Barbula, 196.

Bark-canker, 169.

Barley, 113, 292, 296.

Barosma, 436.

Barringtonia, 489.

Bartonia, 476.

Bartramia, 197.

Bartsia, 526.

Basella, 371.

Baselleæ, 371.

Basidial-layer, 89.

Basidiocarp, 89.

Basidiolichenes, 96, 145, 176.

Basidiomycetes, 96, 114, 144, 145.

Basidiospore, 88.

Basidium, 89, 144, 146.

Basitonous, 331.

Bassia, 511.

Bast, 251, 425, 430.

Bastardia, 428.

Batatas, 516, 517.

Batidaceæ, 372.

Batis, 372.

Batrachium, 383.

Batrachospermum, 80, 83.

Bauhinia, 467.

Bayberry-tree, 490.

“Bay-rum,” 489.

Beaked parsley, 495.

Beak-rush, 286.

Bear-berry, 508.

Beard lichen, 143.

Beech, 127, 134, 164, 165, 526.

Beef-steak fungus, 166.

Beer-yeast, 177, 178.

Beet, 369.

Beet-root, 372.

Beggiatoa, 26, 28, 37.

Begonia, 477, 478.

Begoniaceæ, 475, 477.

Bellis, 569, 572.

Benincasa, 481.

Berberidaceæ, 238, 389.

Berberis, 149, 389, 390.

Bergamot, 438.

Bergia, 413.

Berteroa, 400.

Bertholletia, 489.

Beta, 369, 370, 372.

Betel, 363.

Betonica, 538.

Betony, 538.

Betula, 342.

Betulaceæ, 341.

Biarum, 305.

Biatorella, 134.

Bicornes, 336, 451, 505, 506.

Biddulphieæ, 21.

Bidens, 566, 572.

Biebersteinia, 419.

Bignonia, 529.

Bignoniaceæ, 518, 529.

Bilberry, 509.

Billardiera, 455.

Billbergia, 320.

Bindweed, 515, 516.

Biota, 268.

Birch, 117, 135, 165, 342.

Bird-cherry, 461, 462.

Birdlime, 501, 504.

Bird’s-foot, 472.

Bird’s-foot-trefoil, 471.

Biscutella, 401.

Bitter-cress, 402.

Bitter-sweet, 522.

Bixa, 412.

Bixaceæ, 412.

Blackberry, 461.

Black-boy, 312.

Black-currant, 153, 455.

Black-mustard, 401, 405.

Black-pepper, 363.

Blackthorn, 462.

“Bladder” plums, 117.

Bladder-senna, 470.

Bladder-wort, 528.

Blasia, 25, 191, 192.

Blattiaceæ, 483.

Blechnum, 209, 214, 254.

Bletia, 332.

Blight, 132.

Blindia, 196.

Blinks, 373.

Blitum, 369.

Blood-red Currant, 455.

Blue-green Algæ, 5, 22.

Bocconia, 395.

Boehmeria, 353.

Boerhaavia, 374.

Bog-mosses, 193.

Bog-myrtle, 351.

Bog Wortleberry, 509.

Boisduvalia, 485.

Boletus, 166.

Bomarea, 318.

Bombaceæ, 427.

Bombax, 427.

Bonnemaisonia, 83.

Bonnemaisoniaceæ, 83.

Borage, 533.

Borageæ, 532, 533.

Boraginaceæ, 515, 531, 532, 537.

Borago, 533, 534.

Borassinæ, 301.

Borassus, 301.

Borderea, 323.

Boronieæ, 436.

Borreria, 550.

Boschia, 190.

Bossiæa, 472.

Boswellia, 438.

Bo-tree, 356.

Botrychium, 202, 210, 211.

Botrydiaceæ, 47, 59.

Botrydium, 59.

Botrytis, 128, 134, 135.

Bottle-gourd, 481.

Bouchea, 535.

Bougainvillea, 374.

Boussingaultia, 371.

Bouvardia, 550.

Bovista, 174.

Bowenia, 253, 254.

Bowiea, 312.

Box, 434.

Brachypodium, 294.

Brachythecium, 197.

Bracken-fern, 207, 213.

Bract, 235.

Bracteole, 235, 275, 334.

Bradypus, 8, 54, 356.

Brahea, 300.

Bramble, 458.

Branching of Palm, 298.

Brand-fungi, 95, 108, 109.

Brand-spores, 91.

Brasenia, 386.

Brassica, 399, 400, 401.

Brassicinæ, 404.

Brayera, 460.

Brazil-nuts, 489.

Bread-fruit, 356.

Briza, 290, 294, 296.

Brome, 296.

Bromeliaceæ, 308, 309, 310, 318.

Bromus, 287, 289, 290, 293, 296.

Brookweed, 513.

Broom, 472.

Broom-rape, 528.

Brosimum, 356.

Broussonetia, 354.

Browallia, 521.

Brown Algæ, 1.

Brownea, 468.

Brownian movement, 28.

Brugmansia, 504.

Brunfelsia, 521.

Bryaceæ, 197.

Bryonia, 481.

Bryophyllum, 451, 452.

Bryophyta, 1, 234.

Bryopsidaceæ, 47, 60.

Bryopsis, 60, 62.

Bryum, 197.

Buchu, 436.

Buck-bean, 543.

Buckthorn, 448.

Buckwheat, 361.

Buettneria, 422.

Buettneriaceæ, 422.

Bugle, 537.

Bulbine, 312.

Bulbochæte, 55, 56.

Bulbocodium, 310.

Bulbophyllum, 332.

Bulgaria, 134.

Bulgariaceæ, 134.

Bullace, 461, 462.

Bulliarda, 452.

Bull-rush, 303.

Bumelia, 511.

Bunchosia, 442.

Bunias, 400, 403.

Bupleurum, 491, 494.

Burdock, 570.

Burmanniaceæ, 328.

Bur-marigold, 572.

Bur Parsley, 497.

Bur-reed, 302.

Burseraceæ, 438.

Butcher’s broom, 316.

Butomeæ, 281.

Butomus, 281, 282.

Butterbur, 571.

Butter-tree, 414.

Butter-wort, 528.

Butyric-acid-bacíllus, 38.

Buxaceæ, 434.

Buxbaumia, 197.

Buxbaumiaceæ, 197.

Buxus, 434.

Cabbage, 401.

Cabomba, 386.

Cabombeæ, 386.

Cacalia, 572.

Cactaceæ, 375.

Cacti, 375.

Cactifloræ, 375.

Cæoma, 147, 148, 152.

Cæsalpinia, 468.

Cæsalpiniaceæ, 466, 470.

Caffeine, 441, 553.

Cajanus, 471.

Cajeput-oil, 489.

Cajophora, 476.

Cakile, 403.

Calabar-bean, 471, 473.

Calabash, 529.

Caladium, 306.

Calamagrostis, 289, 294.

Calamintha, 540.

Calamites, 224.

Calamus, 298, 301, 303.

Calamus-oil, 306.

Calandrinia, 373.

Calathea, 327.

Calceolaria, 525, 527.

Calcocytaceæ, 15.

Calendula, 565, 572.

Calenduleæ, 572.

Caliciaceæ, 134.

Calicium, 134.

Calla, 305, 307.

Calleæ, 305.

Calliandra, 475.

Callianthemum, 379.

Callicarpa, 535.

Calligonum, 361.

Calliopsis, 572.

Callistemon, 489.

Callistephus, 573.

Callithamnion, 78, 79, 84.

Callitrichaceæ, 434.

Callitriche, 434.

Callitris, 269.

Calloria, 134.

Calluna, 507.

Calocera, 158, 159.

Calonyction, 516.

Calophyllum, 414.

Calothamnus, 489.

Calothrix, 25.

Caltha, 379, 380, 381, 382.

Calycanthaceæ, 389.

Calycanthus, 389.

Calyceraceæ, 556, 560.

Calypogeia, 192.

Calypso, 332.

Calyptospora, 152.

Calyptra, 186.

Calystegia, 516.

Calyx-stamens, 335.

Camelina, 400, 401.

Camellia, 414, 415.

Campanula, 153, 561, 562.

Campanulaceæ, 561, 563.

Campanulinæ, 505, 560, 564, 569.