Part 36

This e-text was made from three sets of scans representing two physical copies, both located in Toronto. In the critical apparatus, flyspecks that are visible in both copies were assumed to be intentional dots. Conversely, dots that are only visible in one copy were assumed to be flyspecks unless the text seemed to call for a . (period or full stop).

Although the introduction implies that Zupitza was planning a second volume, presumably containing notes, this does not seem to have been published.

_Details about the Transcription_

Paragraph breaks marked with ¶ were added by the transcriber. Overflowing lines are indented, as in verse. All [[double brackets]] represent material added by the transcriber, including page numbers.

Typographical errors are listed at the end of each paragraph.

The “F. Junius” mentioned in the apparatus to 312.1 and 248.16 is not identified.

In this e-text, forms such as “IIII^or” and “IIII^ta” represent letters written directly above a Roman numeral. Ordinary superscripts in this position do not occur.

_Variant Spellings_

The form “wider” (modern “wieder”, not “wider-”) is common. All alternation between ð and þ is in the original, following MS O.

_Typography_

æ̂ (æ with circumflex) has been rendered as ǣ (æ with macron) for better font support. Three letters were printed in non-standard ways: ð (eth) was printed as đ ȝ (yogh) was printed as ʒ (ezh) ⁊ (tironian ampersand) was printed as ד (Hebrew daleth) All three have been changed to their ordinary forms. The Polish letter ł is used in this e-text as a stand-in for l with slash, meaning “vel” or “or”, in all critical apparatus and in the body text of the Glossary section. Italic parentheses in the critical apparatus have been silently regularized.

_Manuscripts_

The following is a more detailed version of Zupitza’s list. Where MS images are available online, the URL is given. Some long URLs have been split across line breaks. Note in particular that Zupitza’s first-choice MS O is fully viewable online.

A: Oxford, All Souls’ College MS. 38; 11th c.; ff. I-VI and i-vi, leaves from the same copy as r, reused as flyleaves (97.14-105.7, 120.3-152.8) C: Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS. 449; early 11th c.; ff. 42-96, incomplete (111.16-end) _online_ (all pages, but zoomed images only available to subscribed institutions): http://parkerweb.stanford.edu/parker/actions/ page_turner.do?ms_no=449 _The online version includes ff. 1-41, which are significantly newer and were not used-- or even mentioned-- by Zupitza._ D: Durham Cathedral Library MS. B. III. 32; 11th c., Canterbury; ff. 56-127, grammar only without glossary (up to 296) F: London, British Library MS. Cotton Faustina A. x; 11th c., with 12th c. Norman French glosses; ff. 3-101, incomplete (3.20-252.16, 256.7-277.5, 280.13-end) H: London, British Library MS. Harley 107; 11th c., ??Worcester; ff. 1-71v, incomplete (start-264.2, 282.13-299.11, 318.7-end) _online_ (f. 63r = 252.9-254.10 in Zupitza) http://www.british-library.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=16336 h: London, British Library MS. Harley 3271; early 11th c.; ff. 7-90, grammar only without glossary (up to 296) _online_ (f. 7r = 1.1-2.11 in Zupitza) http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP ?Size=mid&IllID=23836 J: London, British Library MS. Cotton Julius A. ii; 11th c.; ff. 9-134, incomplete (6.4-18.11, 20.18-end) O: Oxford, St. John’s College MS. 154; early 11th c., Durham; ff. 1-160, complete _online_ (all pages, full size; at time of preparation, folio 60v was unavailable) http://image.ox.ac.uk/show?collection=stj&manuscript=ms154 P: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale MS. anglais 67; early 11th c.; ff. 1-2v, one bifolium (193.13-202.4) R: London, British Library MS. Royal 15 B. xxii; 11th c.; ff. 5-70v, grammar only without glossary, incomplete (up to 295.19) _online_ (f. 65r = 289.6-290.3 in Zupitza) http://ifa.amu.edu.pl/sap/files/40/01Stevick.pdf [page 5, pdf 2] r: London, British Library MS. Royal 12 G. xii; 11th c.; seven leaves and part of an eighth, from the same copy as A (ff. 2-3 = 194.1-201.13; ff. 4-5 = 217.17-226.3; f. 6 = 236.12-240.3; ff. 7-8 = 48.11-58.2; f. 9 = 246.4-6, 18-20, 247.10-12, 248.4-5) S: Formerly Sigmaringen, now Bloomington, Indiana, Lilly Library MS. Add. 1000; early 11th c.; one cropped leaf (201.6-202.6, 202.12-203.14) T: Cambridge, Trinity College MS. R. 9. 17; 11/12th c., with 12th c. Norman French glosses, and the prefaces in a 16th c. hand; ff. 1-44v, grammar only without glossary, incomplete (4.3-6.3, 8.6-191.5, 197.1-242.8, 249.2-280.15) U: Cambridge University Library MS. Hh. 1. 10; 11th c., Exeter; ff. 1-93v, incomplete (up to 298.7) _online_ (image included in _An Introduction to Greek and Latin Palaeography_; folio number not given = 151.4-20 in Zupitza) http://www.archive.org/stream/greeklatin00thomuoft#page/400/mode/1up W: Worcester Cathedral Library MS. F. 174; early 13th c., Worcester; ff. 1-63, incomplete (4.6-8.9, 30.15-end)

_Abbreviations Used in Critical Apparatus_

Some of the following are guesses. Zupitza does not explain why an Old English text about the Latin language required German critical apparatus.

Abbreviation Full German word meaning examples a. 1) anderer (an)other, different 2) auf on: _a. r(asur)_, “on an erasure” 3) am at/on: _a. rande_, “in the margin” abgek. abgekürzt abbreviated abl. ablativus ablative abs. absatz paragraph(-break) acc. accusativus accusative ae. altenglisch Old English (i.e. insular, of letter-forms, as opposed to Frankish or continental) and. anderer same as a. (1) anm. anmerkung note b. buchstabe same as buchst. bem. bemerkung comment bez. beziehungsweise respectively buchst. buchstabe letter cas. obl. casus obliqui oblique cases corr. corrector, correctur corrector, correction; normally denotes the hand of a scribe who systematically corrected a MS; _1. corr._, _2. corr._ etc. if more than one such hand is identifiable d. 1) der, die, das ... the 2) dinte ink; also _tinte_ dah. dahinter after it dar., darü., darüb. darüber above it dat. dativus dative dem., demonstr. demonstrativ demonstrative ders. derselbe same as ds. drgl. dergleichen such ds., dsb. derselbe the same durchstr. durchstrichen crossed out e. 1) etwas something 2) ein(er) one (i.e. the same: “e. hd.”) eingefl. eingeflickt patched in eingekl. eingeklammert bracketed engl. englisch English erg. ergänzt expanded f. 1) fehlt missing (i.e. omitted by the scribe) 2) feminin same as fem. (less commonly) fem. feminin feminine ff. folgende following (plural) fg. folgend following fol. folio folio (i.e. leaf) fr. fränkisch same as fränk. fragm. fragment fragment fränk. fränkisch Frankish (i.e. continental, of letter-forms, as opposed to Old English or insular) frz. französisch French geb. gebessert improved gen. genitiv genitive get., getilg. getilgt deleted (by e.g. expunctuation, underlining or crossing out; but probably not by erasure) gl. glossator, glosse glossator, gloss; normally denotes the hand of a scribe who systematically added glosses to a MS. (Gloss = a translation, especially a word-by-word translation written in the margin or between the lines.) gleichz. gleichzeitig same as gz. (2) Gr. lat. ed. Keil Grammatici latini, ed. H. Keil, 8 vols., Leipzig 1855-1880 gz. 1) ganz completely 2) gleichzeitig contemporary (less commonly: _gz. hd._ “contemporary hand”) h. 1) hinter after 2) hand same as hd. (less commonly: _a. h._ andere hand, “another hand”) hd. hand hand = scribe (does not mean that the scribe switched between his right and his left hand!) hs(s). handschrift(en) manuscript(s) i. in in: _i. d. z._ in der zeile, “inline” jhd. (genitive jhds., jhdts.) jahrhundert century k. kein no lat. latein Latin les., lesa. lesart reading m. 1) mal time 2) mit with mod. modern modern n. neutrum same as neutr. nachgetr. nachgetragen added nachtr., nachträg., nachträgl. nachträglich later (but note _foo nachtr. X_ vs. _(foo) X_ and _foo v. a. hd. X_) neutr. neutrum neuter nom. nominativus nominative o. oder or part. partizip participle perf. perfekt same as pf. pers. person person pf. perfekt perfect pl. plural plural possessivpron. possessivpronomen possessive pronoun pron. pronomen pronoun ps. person person r. 1) rasur erasure 2) radiert erased (less commonly) 3) rot red (perhaps at 18.21, 36.1 and 39.4 only) rad. radiert erased (i.e. scraped off the parchment with a knife) rubr. rubricator rubricator (the scribe who filled in the large coloured initials) s. siehe see sg., sing. singular singular sp. später later st. statt instead of sup. supinum supine t. 1) teil part: _z. t._ zum teil, “partly” 2) tinte ink: _a. t._ andere tinte, “different ink”; also _dinte_ u. 1) und and 2) unten below (_v. u._ von unten, “from the bottom”); perhaps only at 158.11 ü. 1) über over, above 2) übersetzung translation: _ü. f._ übersetzung fehlt, “translation missing”, i.e. this MS has the Latin text without the Anglo-Saxon part; not to be confused with _überschrift f._ written out, meaning that the section header is missing in this MS übers. übersetzung same as ü. (2) überschr. überschrift heading übr. übrigen remainder, all the other MSS undeutl. undeutlich indistinct unlesb. unlesbar unreadable unt. unterer lower unvollst. unvollständig incomplete(ly) urspr., ursprüngl. ursprünglich original(ly) usw. und so weiter et cetera v. 1) von of, by, from 2) vor before (very occasionally, as in 133.6 and 136.1) verb., verbess. verbessert improved verbl. verblasst faded verweisungsz. verweisungszeichen direction sign vgl. vergleiche compare voc. vocativus vocative vollst. vollständig complete vorh. vorhergehend same as vorherg. vorherg. vorhergehend preceding w. 1) wort word 2) weiteres further (bis auf w., “until further notice”); perhaps only at 165.1 weggeschn. weggeschnitten cut away z. 1) zeile line: _in d. z._ in der zeile, “inline”; _ü. d. z._ über der zeile, “above the line” 2) zu to: _z. t._ zum teil, “partly” zw. 1) zweiter second 2) zwischen between

_Other Notations_

(text) in parentheses text at first omitted by the scribe then added above the line [text] in brackets text missing because of damage to the manuscript: _[foo--17 b]ar Q_: everything from foo on the current line to the first letter of bar on line 17 is missing from MS Q : (literal colon) a letter erased by the scribe | (“pipe” character or single vertical line) line end in the MS: _gâð | gâð R_: the scribe of R wrote gâð at the end of a line and then (mistakenly) repeated it at the start of the next line.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *

TEXT-ONLY VERSION

[This version is presented as plain text, preserving Zupitza’s paragraph divisions but omitting all text formatting (italics, spaced text, small capitals). Errata for this section apply only to the body text.]

INCIPIT PRAEFATIO HVIVS LIBRI.

Ego Ælfricus, ut minus sapiens, has excerptiones de Prisciano minore uel maiore uobis puerulis tenellis ad uestram linguam transferre studui, quatinus perlectis octo partibus Donati in isto libello potestis utramque linguam, uidelicet latinam et anglicam, uestrae teneritudini inserere interim, usque quo ad perfectiora perueniatis studia. noui namque multos me reprehensuros, quod talibus studiis meum ingenium occupare uoluissem, scilicet grammaticam artem ad anglicam linguam uertendo. sed ego deputo hanc lectionem inscientibus puerulis, non senibus, aptandam fore. scio multimodis uerba posse interpretari, sed ego simplicem interpretationem sequor fastidii uitandi causa. si alicui tamen displicuerit, nostram interpretationem dicat, quomodo uult: nos contenti sumus, sicut didicimus in scola Aðelwoldi, uenerabilis praesulis, qui multos ad bonum imbuit. sciendum tamen, quod ars grammatica multis in locis non facile anglicae linguae capit interpretationem, sicut de pedibus uel metris, de quibus hic reticemus, sed aestimamus ad inchoationem tamen hanc interpretationem paruulis prodesse posse, sicut iam diximus. miror ualde, quare multi corripiunt sillabas in prosa, quae in metro breues sunt, cum prosa absoluta sit a lege metri; sicut pronuntiant pater brittonice et malus et similia, quae in metro habentur breues. mihi tamen uidetur melius inuocare deum patrem honorifice producta sillaba, quam brittonice corripere, quia nec deus arti grammaticae subiciendus est. ualete, o pueruli, in domino.

Ic Ælfrîc wolde þâs lytlan bôc âwendan tô engliscum gereorde of ðâm stæfcræfte, þe is gehâten grammatica, syððan ic ðâ twâ bêc âwende on hundeahtatigum spellum, forðan ðe stæfcræft is sêo cǣg, ðe ðǣra bôca andgit unlîcð; and ic þôhte, þæt ðêos bôc mihte fremjan jungum cildum tô anginne þæs cræftes, ôððæt hî tô mâran andgyte becumon. ǣlcum men gebyrað, þe ǣnigne gôdne cræft hæfð, þæt hê ðone dô nytne ôðrum mannum and befæste þæt pund, þe him god befæste, sumum ôðrum men, þæt godes feoh ne ætlicge and hê bêo lyðre þêowa gehâten and bêo gebunden and geworpen intô ðêostrum, swâswâ þæt hâlige godspel segð. jungum mannum gedafenað, þæt hî leornjon sumne wîsdôm and ðâm ealdum gedafenað, þæt hî tǣcon sum gerâd heora junglingum, forðan ðe ðurh lâre byð se gelêafa gehealden. and ǣlc man, ðe wîsdôm lufað, byð gesǣlig, and, sê ðe nâðor nele nê leornjan nê tǣcan, gif hê mæg, þonne âcôlað his andgyt fram ðǣre hâlgan lâre, and hê gewît swâ lytlum and lytlum fram gode. hwanon sceolon cuman wîse lârêowas on godes folce, bûton hî on jugoðe leornjon? and hû mæg se gelêafa bêon forðgenge, gif sêo lâr and ðâ lârêowas âteorjað? is nû for ðî godes þêowum and mynstermannum georne tô warnigenne, þæt sêo hâlige lâr on ûrum dagum ne âcôlige oððe âteorige, swâswâ hit wæs gedôn on angelcynne nû for ânum fêawum geârum, swâ þæt nân englisc prêost ne cûðe dihtan oððe âsmêagean ânne pistol on lêden, ôðþæt dûnstân arcebisceop and aðelwold bisceop eft þâ lâre on munuclîfum ârǣrdon. ne cweðe ic nâ for ðî, þæt ðêos bôc mæge micclum tô lâre fremjan, ac hêo byð swâ ðêah sum angyn tô ǣgðrum gereorde, gif hêo hwâm lîcað. ic bidde nû on godes naman, gyf hwâ ðâs bôc âwrîtan wylle, þæt hê hî gerihte wel be ðǣre bysne; forðan ðe ic nâh geweald, þêah hî hwâ tô wôge gebringe þurh lêase wrîteras, and hit bið ðonne his pleoh, nâ mîn. micel yfel dêð se unwrîtere, gyf he nele his wôh gerihtan.

INCIPIVNT EXCERPTIONES DE ARTE GRAMMATICA ANGLICE.

Secundum donatum omnis uox aut articulata est aut confusa. articulata est, quae litteris conprehendi potest; confusa, quae scribi non potest. stemn is geslagen lyft gefrêdendlîc on hlyste, swâ micel swâ on ðǣre heorcnunge is. ic secge nû gewislîcor, þæt ǣlc stemn byð geworden of ðæs mûðes clypunge and of ðǣre lyfte cnyssunge. se mûð drîfð ût ðâ clypunge, and sêo lyft byð geslagen mid ðǣre clypunge and gewyrð tô stemne. ǣlc stemn is oððe andgytfullîc oððe gemenged. andgytfullîc stemn is, þe mid andgyte bið geclypod, swâswâ ys arma uirumque cano ic herige þâ wǣpnu and ðone wer. gemenged stemn is, þe bið bûtan andgyte, swylc swâ is hryðera gehlôw and horsa hnǣgung, hunda gebeorc, trêowa brastlung et cetera.

DE LITTERA.

Littera is stæf on englisc and is se læsta dǣl on bôcum and untôdǣledlîc. wê tôdǣlað þâ bôc tô cwydum and syððan ðâ cwydas tô dǣlum, eft ðâ dǣlas tô stæfgefêgum and syððan þâ stæfgefêgu tô stafum: þonne bêoð ðâ stafas untôdǣledlîce; forðan ðe nân stæf ne byð nâht, gif hê gǣð on twâ. ǣlc stæf hæfð þrêo ðing: nomen, figura, potestas, þæt is, nama and hiw and miht. nama, hû hê gehâten byð: a, b, c. hiw, hû hê gesceapen byð. miht, hwæt hê mæge betwux ôðrum stafum. sôðlîce on lêdensprǣce synd þrêo and twentig stafa: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, x, y, z. of ðâm syndon fîf uocales, þæt synd clypjendlîce: a, e, i, o, u. ðâs fîf stafas ætêowjað heora naman þurh hî sylfe and bûtan ðâm stafum ne mæg nân word bêon âwriten, and for ðî hî synd quinque uocales gehâtene. tô ðisum is genumen se grêcisca y for intingan grêciscra namena, and se ylca y is on engliscum gewritum swîðe gewunelîc. ealle ðâ ôðre stafas syndon gehâtene consonantes, þæt is, samod swêgende; forðan ðe hî swêgaþ mid ðâm fîf clypjendlîcum. ðonne bêoð gyt of þâm samod swêgendum sume semiuocales, þæt synd healfclypjende; sume syndon mutae, þæt synd dumbe. semiuocales syndon seofan: f, l, m, n, r, s, x. þâs syndon healfclypjende gecîgede, forðan ðe hî nabbað fulle clypunge, swâswâ ðâ quinque uocales. and þâ syx ongynnað of ðâm stæfe e and geendjað on him sylfum. x âna ongynð of þâm stæfe i æfter ûðwitena tǣcinge. þâ ôðre nigon consonantes synd gecwedene mutae, þæt synd dumbe. hî ne synd nâ mid ealle dumbe, ac hî habbað lytle clypunge. þâ synd: b, c, d, g, h, k, p, q, t. þâs ongynnað of him sylfum and geendjað on ðâm clypjendlîcum stafum. b, c, d, g, p, t geendjað on e. h and k geendjað on a æfter rihte. q geendað on u. z êac, se grêcisca stæf, geendað on a. se stæf is genumen of grêcum tô lêdensprǣce for grêciscum wordum. i and u bêoð âwende tô consonantes, gif hî bêoð tôgædere gesette oððe mid ôðrum swêgendlîcum. gyf ðû cwyst nû iudex, þonne byð se i consonans. gif ðû cwest uir, þonne bið se u consonans. ianua, hêr is se i consonans. uatis, hêr is se u consonans. ðâs twegen stafas habbað mâran mihte, þonne wê hêr secgan wyllað. êac wê mihton be eallum þâm ôðrum stafum menigfealdlîce sprecan, gif hit on englisc gedafenlîc wǣre.

DE SILLABA.

Syllaba is stæfgefêg on ânre orðunge geendod. a domo fram hûse: hêr is se a for ânum stæfgefêge. ab homine fram ðâm menn: hêr is se ab ân stæfgefêg. hwîlon byð þæt stæfgefêg on ânum stæfe, hwîlon on twâm, swâswâ wê ǣr sǣdon; hwîlon on þrîm stafum: arx wîghûs; hwîlon on fêowor: pars dǣl; hwîlon on fîf: stans standende; hwîlon on syx: stirps stybb oððe mǣgð.

DE DIPTONGIS.

Dyptongus is twŷfeald swêg oððe twŷfeald stæfgefêg, and ðâra synd fêowor: ân on ae: musae, poetae; on þisum namum synd ðâ twegen stafas a and e tô ânre dyptongon getealde. ôðer dyptongon ys au: aurum gold; þridda eu: eurus sûðêasterne wind; fêorða ys oe: poena wîte, foenum gærs oððe strêow. ne sprece wê hêr nâ mâre be ðisum.

PRAEFATIO DE PARTIBVS ORATIONIS.

Partes orationis sunt octo eahta dǣlas synd lêdensprǣce: nomen, pronomen, uerbum, aduerbium, participium, coniunctio, praepositio, interiectio. nomen is nama, mid ðâm wê nemnað ealle ðing ǣgðer gê synderlîce gê gemǣnelîce. synderlîce be âgenum naman: eadgarus, aðelwoldus; gemǣnelîce: rex cyning, episcopus bisceop. pronomen is ðæs naman speljend, sê spelað þone naman, þæt ðû ne ðurfe tuwa hine nemnan. gif ðû cwest nû: hwâ lǣrde ðê?, þonne cweðe ic: dûnstân. hwâ hâdode ðê? hê mê hâdode: þonne stent se hê on his naman stede and spelað hine. eft, gif ðû âxast: quis hoc fecit? hwâ dyde ðis?, þonne cwest ðû: ego hoc feci ic dyde ðis: þonne stent se ic on ðînes naman stede; tu ðû; ille sê. uerbum is word, and word getâcnað weorc oððe ðrôwunge oððe geþafunge. weorc byð, þonne ðû cwest: aro ic erige; uerbero ic swinge. þrôwung byð, þonne ðû cwyst: uerberor ic eom beswungen; ligor ic eom gebunden. geðafung byþ, ðonne ðû cwyst: amor ic eom gelufod; doceor ic eom gelǣred. aduerbium is wordes gefêra, forðan ðe hê næfð nâne fulfremednysse, bûton hê mid ðâm worde bêo. word gefylð his âgene getâcnunge mid fullum andgyte. þonne ðû cwyst: scribo ic wrîte, þonne byð ðǣr full andgyt. aduerbium is bene wel. hêr nys nâ ful andgyt, bûton ðû cweðe word ðâr tô: bene scribo wel ic wrîte; bene scribis wel ðû wrîtst; bene scribit wel hê wrît; et pluraliter and menigfealdlîce: male legimus yfele wê rǣdað; melius legitis bet gê rǣdað; optime legunt sêlost hî rǣdað; et cetera.