Part 9

~B. 1. The Teacher: Mr. R. will begin to tell us the story of (~von~) the boundary‿spruce. If he makes mistakes (~Fehler~), correct (~korrigieren~) him, please. 2. Mr. R. begins: About the middle of the eighteenth century... 3. Miss W.: Wrong (~Falsch~)! Of the nineteenth century! 4. Mr. R.: But we are told (it is told to‿us) that the lightning (~Blitz~) struck (into) the giant‿spruce in‿the year 1845. 5. The Teacher: Quite right (~recht~), but that was in‿the nineteenth century, was it not? 6. _a_. Mr. R.: Well, I’ll begin over again (~wieder von vorn~). _b._ About the middle of the nineteenth century two big farmers had a long, long quarrel over (~um~) a magnificent spruce tree which stood on the boundary of their lands. _c._ Each said that it belonged to him alone, and each had already paid his lawyer as (so)‿much as the entire tree was worth... 7. _a._ Mr. B.: Wrong! For that (~dazu~) they were too sensible. _b._ But the two farmers, their wives, their children, their hired men, and their maidservants finally lived in deadly enmity with‿one‿another, and even their dogs growled at‿each‿other. 8. The Teacher: Mr. B., you may go on (~fortfahren~). 9. _a._ Mr. B.: Several (~mehrere~) good men had tried to make (~stiften~) peace between the two farmers, but these were too obstinate, and the village‿blacksmith had said one day he wished (~wünschen~) that (the) lightning would strike (into) the spruce, and that’s just what happened (and just that happened) in‿the summer [of] 1845. _b._ Both farmers with their help were in the adjoining fields. _c._ Both were casting longing looks up to the spruce, (the) one from the right, the other from the left. 10. The Teacher: Miss W., you may tell what happened then. 11. Miss W.: Then black thunderclouds came on over the mountains, from the southwest (~Südwest~)... 12. Mr. R.: Wrong! From the northwest, it says (~heißen~) in the story. 13. The Teacher: You are (have) right, Mr. R. Go on. 14. _a._ Mr. R.: And as the people were‿about‿to (~wollen~) leave the fields and go home, there came from (~aus~) a cloud that was as yellow as sulphur (~Schwefel~) a sudden flash‿of‿lightning and split the giant‿tree from‿the top (~bis~) to‿the root in‿two (~entzwei~), so‿that (the) one half fell upon the field of (the) one farmer and the other upon that of the other. _b._ Then the two quarrelers took each‿other by (~bei~) the hand and said: “That was God’s finger. Now each of us has what belongs to him. We’ll be friends!”~

Das Abenteuer im Walde.

~A.~ 1. Was für Eier hatte die Ameise auf dem Markt verkauft? 2. Wie kam es, daß sie keinen Regen schirm bei sich hatte? 3. Wie nennt man einen Schirm, den man gegen die Sonne gebraucht? 4. Wo war die Grille gewesen? Und was hatte sie dort getan? 5. Wo wollte das Johanniswürmchen hin? 6. Wer war der vierte Gast? 7. Wissen Sie noch, wo Sie das Wort »Herberge« oder »herbergen« schon früher gesehen haben? 8. Wovon hatte die Schnecke das Seitenstechen bekommen? 9. Womit beschäftigte sich die Schnecke, nachdem sie sich ihr Plätzchen ausgesucht hatte? 10. Warum tanzte die Schnecke nicht mit? 11. Von wem wurde der Tanz unterbrochen? 12. Sagen Sie die Stammformen von »unterbrochen« auf! 13. Wen hatte die Kröte besucht? Und warum kam sie so spät heim? 14. Erzählen Sie uns, wie die Kröte hier betrieben wird! 15. Was geschah nun, als die alte Kröte nach Hause kam? 16. In welcher Reihenfolge zogen die Gäste von dannen? 17. Wo brachten sie die Nacht zu?

~B. I. What (~welch~) an adventure! Rain, rain, rain! Trees, shrubs, ferns, moss, and stones,--everything is dripping, and the tree‿toad, who ought to know (it) best, says that it won’t stop before to-morrow. 2. Five little creatures (~Geschöpf~) in the twilight under a big toadstool! 3. An ant who has just sold her eggs at the market and is now carrying home the money in a blue canvas‿bag,--an ant in cloth‿shoes, but without overshoes and umbrella! 4. A cricket who has been making‿music at‿a (~zur~) country‿fair and is now looking‿for an inn, with her violin on her back! 5. Then [there] comes a glowworm with his lantern, which he places on the table and which soon brings them the fourth wayfarer, a big bug who is [a] journeyman‿carpenter and takes (~halten~) the toadstool for a carpenters’‿inn. He has his supper with (~bei~) him(self), and after eating (he has eaten) it up, he sits down and enjoys a smoke. 6. The last arrival (~Ankömmling~) is a snail, all out‿of breath. Poor creature, she has‿to carry her own house with [herself], from‿which (~wovon~) she has gotten a (the) stitch‿in‿her‿side! No wonder (~Wunder~) that she is the last! 7. Then the ant proposes (~vorschlagen~) a dance (~Tanz~), the cricket begins to play, and the others dance merrily, except the snail (excepted, ~ausgenommen~), who is not used to whirling‿around rapidly and easily gets dizzy. 8. But alas! In the middle of the (~mitten im~) first dance they are interrupted by Mrs. Toad, to whom the toadstool properly (~eigentlich~) belongs. 9. She is coming home late from a visit (~Besuch~) at (~bei~) her cousin’s, where they have drunk so much coffee and eaten so much cake that it has grown dark meanwhile (thereover). 10. And how she berates the innocent (~unschuldig~) dancers (~Tänzer~)! “Ragamuffins! Vagabonds! Village‿musicians!” she cries angrily and swings at‿the‿same‿time (~dabei~) her red umbrella with [its] brass handle. 11. What else can they do but (~anders tun als~) pack‿up their duds and go‿out (~hinausgehen~) again into the rain? 12. And in (~bei~) this pitiful exodus the snail remains so far behind that she can no longer hear the cries of the other four, who after wandering about for a long time find a fairly dry place where they pass the rest‿of‿the (~übrig~) night. 13. All, however, will think of this adventure as long as they live.~

Wie die Wodansmühle entstand.

~A.~ Merken Sie sich in dieser Geschichte folgende Konstruktionen und Wendungen und übersetzen Sie dann zur Übung die englischen Sätze ins Deutsche!

1. Seite 81, Zeile 16: »... an der einen Seite des Baches ließ sich so etwas wie ein alter Graben erkennen«. Ähnlich: »So etwas läßt sich nicht beschreiben« ~Such a thing cannot be described, is beyond description, is indescribable.~[2] Wie sagen Sie also auf deutsch: ~_a._ The water is not fit to drink (lets [one] not drink itself). _b._ The bread is not fit to eat. _c._ This pen (~Feder~) is no longer fit to write with (with this pen lets it itself no more write). _d._ His handwriting (~Handschrift~) is no longer legible (lets [one] itself no more read). _e._ When I saw how he struck my friend, I was no longer to be held‿back (let I me not more hold‿back, ~zurückhalten~). _f._ Why don’t you let yourself be advised (why lettest thou thyself, _dat._, not advise, ~raten~)? _g._ I didn’t need to be told twice (I let to‿me that not twice, ~zweimal~, say).~

2. Seite 82, Zeile 3: »..., daß es dort je eine Mühle oder einen Müller gegeben habe«. Sagen Sie also auf deutsch: ~_a._ There are no such birds. _b._ Animals that can speak have never existed since the days (time) of the hermit Klaus. _c._ Has there ever (~je~) been a wiser man than Solomon (~Salomo~)? _d._ If there has ever been a wiser man than Solomon, tell me who it was. _e._ Had there ever been such beings (~Wesen~) on this island (~Insel~), half (~halb~; _uninfl._) beast, half man, we should have seen them, too. _f._ There is but one God, and there will never be more than this one.~

3. Seite 82, Zeile 5: »Nur einer machte hiervon eine Ausnahme, /das/ war mein Großvater«. Und Seite 85, Zeile 23: »..., denn /dieses/ sei die Art der Weiber.« Merken Sie sich ebenfalls, daß man auf deutsch sagt: »/Das/ oder /dies sind/ meine Brüder, meine Schwestern, meine Kinder«! Also: ~_a._ If these are your books, take them. _b._ Whose mill is that? _c._ Those are millstones. _d._ If those were my horses, I should have (~lassen~) them shod better. _e._ Can you tell me whose pens those are? Those must be Charles’s pens. _f._ How could those (~der~) be his sisters? He has no sisters.~

4. Seite 85, Zeile 14: »... der Schmied... schmiedete drauf los«. Ähnlich: »Sie schlugen drauf los« ~They beat, whacked, pounded away at it.~ »Sie schlugen auf den armen Kerl los« ~They pounded, beat away at the poor fellow.~ »Er redet immer drauf los« ~He always talks at random.~ Wie würden Sie also auf deutsch sagen: ~_a._ I saw how he whipped away (~lospeitschen~) at the poor boy. _b._ He commanded (~befehlen~) them to go straight (~gerade~) up (~losgehen~) to the house. _c._ Here is your pen. Now write away (at it)! _d._ If you had not written away (at it) so carelessly (~nachlässig~), you would have made fewer mistakes (~Fehler~).~

~B.~ Übertragen Sie folgendes ins Deutsche:

~1. After the stranger had told the blacksmith what new art he intended‿to (~wollen~) practice at the king’s court, the latter (~dieser~) showed him a big, golden horseshoe as‿(the) proof that he had seen Wodan in‿very‿person and had shod his white‿horse. 2. Then he continued: “If you (~Ihr~) are‿willing‿to build me a mill, quite after the fashion which Wodan has taught the dark-haired peoples beyond the Rhine and the Alps, I promise you this horseshoe for‿a reward.” And it was (~dauern~) not long before they agreed upon the bargain. 3. The most suitable spot, however, for such a mill was this [one] here where we are sitting now, and here the mill was built forthwith, and in honor of the great and wise god people called it the Wodan’s‿Mill.~

[Fußnote 2: ~The difficulty involved in this construction disappears immediately if one inserts in thought--as does the German--the word ‘anyone,’ which is at one and the same time the object of ~lassen~ and the subject of the dependent active infinitive: Such a thing doesn’t let anyone describe it, i.e., cannot be described, etc.~]

Der Lindenbaum.

~A.~ 1. Auf welche Weise war der Erzähler mit Herrn Doktor Lindow bekannt geworden? 2. Wer ist eigentlich der Erzähler dieser Geschichte, Heinrich Seidel oder Doktor Lindow? 3. Aus welchen Gründen, meinen Sie, waren Lindow und Reuter zu Festungshaft verurteilt worden? 4. Beschreiben Sie die Aussicht, die Lindow von der Festung aus genoß! 5. Erklären Sie, warum ihn der Genuß dieser Aussicht nicht zufriedener machte! 6. Was brachte ihn schließlich auf den Gedanken, zu entfliehen? 7. Nennen Sie die Hindernisse, die der Ausführung des Fluchtgedankens im Wege standen! 8. Erzählen Sie, wie die Sommerferien der Schulkinder ihn der Ausführung seines Fluchtplans näher brachten! 9. Was tat der Gefangene an dem Abend des Tages, an welchem er das junge Mädchen zum erstenmal in dem Garten gesehen hatte? 10. Welche Tageszeit setzte er in dem Briefe zu einer Antwort von ihrer Seite fest? Und warum wählte er gerade diese Stunde? 11. Was für eine Antwort bekam er? Und wie lange sollte er noch warten? 12. Wodurch wurde seine Flucht begünstigt? 13. Was geschah, als sich die beiden jungen Leute am Gartentor trafen? 14. Sah Lindow das junge Fräulein je wieder, nachdem er Abschied von ihr nahm?

~B. 1. First (~zuerst~) the teacher asked one of the boys why Doctor Lindow had been sentenced to ten‿years’ imprisonment‿in‿a‿fortress, and the boy--I think it was John Miller--answered that Lindow as [a] student had committed (~begehen~) a political crime (~Verbrechen~). 2. The second question was, what had made the prisoner so sad (~traurig~) on Sundays, and Mary (~Marie~) Black said, just on such days he had seen so many happy and free people on the highways, and that had intensified his own (~eigen~) longing for freedom. 3. Then I was asked whether I remembered (~sich erinnern~; _why past subj., and not pres. subj.?_) the distance between the top (~Gipfel~) of the linden‿tree and the prisoner, and I said: “About forty feet”; but that was wrong, for it says (~heißen~) in the book, “not more than twenty.” 4. The teacher’s next question was, what the word “~Legitimationspapiere~” meant (~bedeuten~), and none of the boys and only one of the girls in the class (~Klasse~) knew (it) exactly (~genau~). 5. Another question which (_gen._) I remember and which nobody could answer (~beantworten~) correctly (~richtig~) in German was, what “~Regimentsmegären~” were, and some of us thought (~meinen~) the teacher ought to have asked us something else (~anderes~). 6. Well, and so on. One hard (~schwer~) question after another (the other); for example (~zum Beispiel~): How many times (~wievielmal~) did the sweet (~süß~) seventeen‿year‿old nod (with) her head before she ran toward her uncle’s house? What was her brother’s name (~heißen~)? How do you say in German: “I will pass over the next fortnight”? And how: “I shall pass over the next fortnight”? Why does the story-teller make (~lassen~) Lindow count only up‿to (~bis~) eight before he jumps‿off (~abspringen~),--why not up‿to nine? And then, of course (~natürlich~): That fateful kiss at the garden‿gate and behind the shrubbery! Why fateful? It was the first, wasn’t it? Also the last? Oh (~o~) no! The young people met each‿other (~sich~) again, many, many times (~Mal~), and she became his wife; and so (~also~): All’s well that ends well (~Ende gut, alles gut~), as the proverb (~Sprichwort~) has it (it says in‿the proverb).~

Wörterbuch.

~EXPLANATION OF THE ABBREVIATIONS AND THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE VOCABULARY.~

~The vocabulary contains all words found in the text and exercises of this Reader, except such regularly inflected forms as even the beginner should recognize at sight.~

~=Signs.= In indicating the inflection of nouns a dash (-) is used to represent the title-word; a dash with the umlaut-sign over it (̈–) represents the title-word with modification of the root vowel.~

~=Nouns=, as a rule, are given in the nominative singular and the nominative plural, but the latter is omitted when it is identical with the former or is not in common use. The genitive singular is inserted between the two if it cannot be readily inferred from the nominative plural; thus: ~das Auge, -s, -n~.~

~=Adjectives= used substantively are given thus: ~der Alte; (kein) Alter~; [_pl._] ~Alte; die (keine) Alten~; see also ~Besonderes~ and ~das Neue~. Irregularity in the formation of the comparative and superlative is shown thus: ~alt, älter, der älteste; nah, näher, der nächste~.~

~=Adverbs.= Since most adverbs are identical, in the positive and comparative, with the uninflected adjective, the English equivalents of German adverbs are omitted when they can be derived by adding _-ly_ to the English adjective.~

~=Verbs.= The principal parts of regular weak verbs are not listed. Of all strong or irregular verbs, however, and of all weak verbs compounded with another than one of the inseparable prefixes, ~be-~, ~emp-~, ~ent-~, ~er-~, ~ge-~, ~ver-~, ~zer-,~ the principal parts are given in full. Further peculiar or irregular forms are indicated after the following model: ~sterben~ (infinitive), ~stirbt~ (3rd pers. sg., pres. ind.), ~starb~ (3rd pers. sg., past ind.), ~stürbe~ (3rd pers. sg., past subj.), ~ist gestorben~ (past participle, with ~ist~ to indicate the inflection of the perfect tenses with ~sein~ instead of ~haben~).~

~=Idioms= are listed under the appropriate title-word.~

~=Parentheses=, in addition to their ordinary use, enclose material that may be included in, or omitted from, the translation, or indicate an alternative form or rendering.~

~=Square brackets=, in addition to their use in place of parentheses within parentheses, enclose explanatory material, grammatical notes, and directions as to pronunciation.~

~=Italic= type is used to call attention to explanatory material and grammatical notes.~

~=Bold-faced= type is used within a paragraph to emphasize the contrast between the English construction and the German.~

~=Small capitals= warn against mistakes commonly made by students whose mother tongue is English.~

~=...= indicate an incomplete quotation.~

~=Figures= refer to page and line of this Reader.~

~=Pronunciation.= It is assumed that the reader knows the rules for quantity as indicated by the orthography. Whenever a word deviates from these rules or is for any reason likely to be mispronounced, its pronunciation is indicated by the customary signs of length of vowel and of accent or, when necessary, by respelling, the letters in this case having the value usual in German (or English, as may be indicated by the type,) unless a different quality is specifically mentioned. In most instances the quantity of a vowel is marked only in the first form but is to be understood as holding good for all inflected forms unless something to the contrary is indicated. In an unaccented syllable the sign of length of vowel indicates quality rather than time, save for the vowel ~a~. A vowel before ~ch~ is to be pronounced as short unless it is marked long.~

~=Accent.= Words with the prefix ~be-~, ~emp-~, ~ent-~, ~er-~, ~ge-~, ~ver-~, or ~zer-~ are accented on the second syllable. All others -- with the exceptions that are noted -- are accented on the first syllable. If a word has two syllables stressed equally, or nearly so, this is indicated as follows: ~al´lerdings´~, ~stein´reich´~. In the rare cases where it is necessary to indicate secondary stress this is done by an accent lighter than that used to mark the syllable bearing the chief stress.~

~=Punctuation.= Besides setting off an illustrative example and its translation, the semicolon is used to separate distinct meanings of a German word, the various renderings of one general meaning being separated by commas.~

~=Abbreviations= are used as follows: -- _acc._, accusative; _adj._, adjective, adjectival; _adv._, adverb, adverbial; _art._, article; _aux._, auxiliary; _cf._, compare, see; _colloqu._, colloquial, colloquially; _comp._, comparative; _conj._, conjunction; _dat._, dative; _def._, definite; _demonstr._, demonstrative; _dep._, dependent; _e.g._, for example; _Encycl. Brit._, Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition; _f._, and following page; _fem._, feminine; _fut._, future; _gen._, genitive; _i.e._, that is; _imper._, imperative; _impers._, impersonal; _ind._, indicative; _indef._, indefinite; _infin._, infinitive; _infl._, inflected, inflection; _interj._, interjection; _interrog._, interrogative; _intr._, intransitive; _masc._, masculine; _mod._, modal; _n.b._, note well; _neut._, neuter; _nom._, nominative; _p._, page; _part._, participle; _perf._, perfect; _pers._, person, personal; _pl._, plural; _pos._, positive; _poss._, possessive; _pp._, pages; _pred._, predicate; _pref._, prefix; _prep._, preposition, prepositional; _pres._, present; _pron._, pronoun; _refl._, reflexive; _relat._, relative; _sep._, separable; _sg._, singular; _sub._, subordinate; _subj._, subjunctive; _subst._, substantive; _superl._, superlative; _tr._, transitive; _uninfl._, uninflected.~

A.

der =Aal=, -e ~eel~

=ăb= ~[~ăp~] _adv._ down;~ auf und ab ~up and down, to and fro;~ von nun ab ~from this (that) day on (forward)~

=ăb= ~_sep. pref._ [_expressing 1. removal or separation, 2. direction downward, 3. deterioration, 4. completion_] off, away, down~

der =Ābend=, -e ~evening [_cf._~ Tag~];~ guten Abend ~good evening [_acc._, _object of_~ ich wünsche (~dir~, _etc._), _which is left unexpressed, as in English_~]

=ābend= ~(in the) evening [_used in adv. phrases after_~ gestern~,~ heute~,~ morgen~, _or the name of a day_]~

das =Ābendbrōt=, des -(e)s ~[~⸗ent⸗~] evening meal, supper~

das =Ābendlicht=, -er ~[~⸗ent⸗~] evening candle~

das =Ābenteuer= ~adventure~

=āber= ~[_without effect on the order of words_] but; yet; [_within its clause_] however [_but not set off by commas_], but, now~

=ăbfallen=, fällt ab´, fiel ab´, ist abgefallen ~drop sheer~

=ăbgekratzt= ~_see_~ abkratzen

=ăbgeliefert= ~_see_~ abliefern

=ăbgelȫst= ~_see_~ ablösen

=ăbgenommen= ~_see_~ abnehmen

=ăbgestorben= ~_see_~ absterben

=ăbgetrāgen= ~worn, threadbare, shabby~

=ăbgewaschen= ~_see_~ abwaschen

=ăbgezehrt= ~wasted (away), emaciated~

der =Ăbglanz=, des -es ~(reflected) light (splendor), reflection~

=ăbhangen=, hängt ab´, hing ab´, abgehangen ~hang down; depend (upon ~von); alles hängt davon ab, daß ich... ~everything depends (upon this, namely, that I..., _i.e._,) upon my... [_doing the thing expressed by the verb in the_ ~daß-~_clause_]~

=ăbhängt= ~_see_~ abhangen

=ăbholen=, holte ab´, abgeholt ~fetch (call) away, call for (and carry off)~

=ăbkaufen=, kaufte ab´, abgekauft ~buy (something, _acc._) from someone (_dat._)~

=ăbkratzen=, kratzte ab´, abgekratzt ~scratch (scrape) off~

=ăblassen=, läßt ab´, ließ ab´, abgelassen ~sell, let one (_dat._) have, spare~

=ăbliefern=, lieferte ab´, abgeliefert ~deliver (up), hand over (to the authorities)~

=ăblösen=, löste ab´, abgelöst ~take off, detach; replace, relieve, change [_sentry_]~

=ăbmāgern=, magerte ab´, ist abgemagert ~grow lean (emaciated), fall (waste) away~

=ăbnehmen=, nimmt ab´, nahm ab´, abgenommen ~remove, take off~

=ăbriegeln=, riegelte ab´, abgeriegelt ~(fasten with a) bolt~

=ăbscheu´lich= ~horrid, dreadful~

der =Ăbschied=, -e ~departure, leave(-taking), parting;~ von einem Abschied nehmen ~take leave of a person;~ zum Abschied ~in (as a) farewell~

das =Ăb′schiedsgesūch´=, -e ~[~⸗ts⸗~] resignation~

der =Ăb′schiedsgrūß´=, ⸗grüße ~[~⸗ts⸗~] farewell (greeting), adieu~

=ăbsichtlich= ~[_if emphatic_,~ absicht´lich~] intentional; [_adv._, _also_] deliberately~

=ăbsitzen=, sāß ab´, abgesessen ~“sit out,” serve [_time in prison_]~

=ăbspringen=, sprang ab´, ist abgesprungen ~leap (jump) off (down)~

der =Ăbsprung=, ⸗sprünge ~(place for) leaping off; place to leap from~

=ăbsterben=, stirbt ab´, starb (stürbe) ab´, ist abgestorben ~die (off); wither~

=ăbtrāgen=, trǟgt ab´, trūg ab´, abgetrāgen ~wear threadbare~

=ăbwarten=, wartete ab´, abgewartet ~wait for [_the accomplishment of a thing_], wait (to see what will happen)~

=ăbwăschen=, wäscht ab´, wūsch ab´, abgewăschen ~wash off~

=ăbwechselnd= ~[~chs = ks~] alternately, by turns~

=ăbwenden=, wandte ~_or_~ wendete (~_past subj._~ wendete) ab´, abgewandt ~_or_~ abgewendet ~turn away~

=ăbzehren=, zehrte ab´, ist abgezehrt ~waste away, become emaciated~

der =Ăbzūg=, ⸗züge ~deduction, reduction~

=ăbzuholen= ~_see_~ abholen

=ăbzunehmen= ~_see_~ abnehmen

=ach= ~ah, oh; alas;~ Ach du! ~Oh hush!~

=acht= ~eight;~ acht Tage ~a week [_Cf. French_ huit jours.]~

=achtjährig= ~of eight years, eight year(s) old~

der =Acker= ~[_invariable after a numeral_] acre [_Cf._~ Sack~.]~

das =Ackerland=, des -(e)s ~tillable land~

=Ackermann= ~Rudolf Ackermann (1764-1834), a native of Schneeberg in Saxony, learned the saddler’s trade, at which he worked in various cities in Germany and later in Paris and London, acquiring a reputation as a designer of elegant models for coach builders. Ackermann was an enterprising inventor and publisher (cf. Encycl. Brit. I. 148). After the battle of Leipzig he collected over a million dollars for the German sufferers.~

der =Advent´=, -e ~[-tv- _or_ -dv-] advent; Advent;~ =im= Advent ~=in= Advent~

der =Advōkāt´=, -en ~[-tv- _or_ -dv-] =~ Rechtsanwalt ~lawyer;~ einen Advokaten annehmen ~hire a lawyer, engage counsel~

=Ägypten(land)= ~[~ǟgĭp´ten~] (the land of) Egypt~

=āhā´= ~aha~

=ähnlich= ~similar~

die =Ähre=, -n ~ear [_of grain_]~

die =Ährenlese=, -n ~gleaning(s)~

der =Alarm´schŭß=, ⸗schüsse ~alarm shot~

=Ālexan´der= ~Alexander~

=all= ~[_infl. like_~ dieser, ~_hence a following adj. has the weak ending._~ all ~_is usually uninfl. before the def. art., and frequently so before a demonstr. or a poss. pron._] all;~ alles ~everything, all; [_usually before a pl., but occasionally before a sg._] every;~ alle Tage = jeden Tag ~every day [_After_~ all, der ~_is used only when it specifies definite individuals, usually identified in addition by a relat. clause. Note also that German does not say_ all =of= the pears, _but_~ alle Birnen.]

=allein´= ~alone, (all) by one’s self~