Part 17

die =Lust=, ̈–e ~[lo͝ost; _pl. only in sense_ evil passions] desire, inclination (for~ zu~);~ ich hätte Lust, das zu tun ~I should like to do that (so);~ wenn er Lust hat ~if he feels like it (takes the notion); pleasure, delight, joy;~ es ist eine wahre Lust, sie zu sehen ~it does one’s heart good to see them~

=lustig= ~[lo͝ost-] merry, jolly~

M.

=mach´= = mache

=machen= ~make, do; see to it that (~daß~), hasten to (~daß~); play, act;~ wie machen wir’s? ~how shall we manage (arrange) it?~ was war da zu machen? ~what was to be done in such a case?~ das macht die Sonne, _or_, daß die Sonne scheint ~that is because of the sun _or_ because the sun is shining;~ ich machte mir im Garten zu tun ~I busied myself in the garden;~ er machte Frankfurt zum Endziel... ~he made Frankfort the extreme goal... [_After_~ machen ~_the factitive object is expressed by_~ zu ~+ _dat. rather than by a second acc. as in English._]~

=machen’s= = machen es

=mächtig= ~mighty, immense, huge, large~

das =Mädchen= ~[~mǟt⸗~] girl~

das =Mädchenkleid=, -er ~[~mǟt⸗~] girl’s dress; _pl._ dresses of the girls~

=māg= ~_see_~ mögen

die =Māgd=, ̈–e ~maid(servant)~

=mager= ~lean, thin~

=magern= = mager werden ~_see_~ abmagern

=mahlen=, mahlte, =gemahlen= ~grind~

die =Mahlzeit=, -en ~meal, repast;~ seine Mahlzeit =halten= ~=take (eat)= one’s dinner (a meal)~

=mahnen= ~urge~

der =Main= ~the Main, a tributary of the Rhine~

die =Mājestǟt´=, -en ~[~j ~= y] majesty; [_in titles_] Majesty~

=māl= ~_see_~ einmal

das =Māl=, -e ~time [= _instance, occasion; cf. French_ la fois];~ mit einem Male ~all at once, all of a sudden; all at the same time~

=man= ~[_nom. sg. only; cf._ on _in French_] one, somebody, a person (body), “you”; “they,” people [_N.B. A sentence with_~ man~ _is often best rendered by the passive._]~

=mancher=, manche, manches ~many a, [_pl._] some, many [_not all_]; _subst._ many a man (woman, thing) [~manch ~_refers to individual units_,~ viel ~_to quantity; the latter is contrasted with_~ wenig~, _the former with_~ all~.]~

=man´cherlei´= ~_[invariable] adj._ various, different~

=manchmāl= ~many a time, many times, often, frequently; sometimes~

das =Mandelauge=, -s, -n ~almond-shaped eye~

der =Mangel=, ̈– ~lack, want, scarcity (_of_~ an ~+ _dat._); defect~

der =Mann=, ̈–er ~man; husband~

das =Männchen= ~little man~

das =Männlein= ~little man~

=männlich= ~masculine, manly~

der =Mantel=, ̈– ~cloak~

das =Märchen= ~fairy tale; story~

die =Mǟr(e)=, -n ~old tale (story, tradition)~

=Mārie´= ~Mary~

die =Mark= ~[_pl._~ Mark~, _of a lump sum_;~ Markstücke~, _of individual coins_] mark [_The monetary unit of the German Empire_; = $.24; _abbreviated_ ℳ _without a period._]~

der =Markt=, ̈–e ~market, fair~

der =Mărstăll=, -ställe ~(royal _or_) princely stables~

die =Märznacht=, -nächte ~March night~

die =Măsche=, -n ~mesh~

=māß= ~_see_~ messen

die =Masse=, -n ~mass; substance~

der =Mātrō´se=, -n ~sailor, seaman~

=matt= ~dim, feeble, faint~

=Matthī´as= ~Matthew, Matthias~

die =Mauer=, -n ~wall [_of a building or city_]~

der =Mauerrest=, -e ~remnant (_pl., also_ remains) of a wall~

das =Maul=, Mäuler ~mouth [_of an animal_]~

die =Maus=, Mäuse ~mouse~

das =Mauseloch=, ⸗löcher ~[_in pl._,~ ch ~_as in_~ ich~] mousehole~

der =Maushund=, -e ~mouse dog [_in humorous or sarcastic reference to a cat_]~

das =Meer=, -e ~sea, ocean~

das =Mehl=, des -(e)s ~meal, flour~

=mehr= ~[_invariable_] _comp. of_~ viel ~more; [_after a negative also_] (any) more, again, (any) longer, left~

=mehrere= ~[_declined like the pl. of_~ dieser~] several~

=meiden=, mied, gemieden ~shun, avoid; abstain from~

die =Meile=, -n ~mile [= _about 4.6 miles in the United States_]~

=mein=, meine, mein ~my~

=meinen= ~think [_be of the opinion_]; [_also, express the opinion_] remark; mean, refer to~

=meiner= ~_gen. sg. of_~ ich ~of me~

um =meinetwillen= ~on my account (behalf)~

=meist= ~mostly, generally, for the most part~

=meiste=, der, die, das ~_superl. of_~ viel ~most~

die =Meister= ~master [_of his craft; a workman who has the right to employ journeymen and apprentices_]~

die =Meisterhand=, =hände ~master(’s) hand~

=melden= ~state, report, announce; inform (one [_dat._])~

=melken=, melkt ~(_less usually_,~ milkt~),~ melkte ~(_less usually_,~ molk~),~ gemelkt ~_or_~ gemolken ~(_but_ ONLY~ frisch gemolkene Milch ~milk just from the cow) milk~

die =Mēlōdie´=, -n ~[_pl. four syllables_] melody, air, tune~

die =Menge=, -n ~(large) quantity (number); crowd~

der =Mensch=, -en ~man [_as distinguished from animals or supernatural beings_], human being, [_pl., also_] people; fellow~

die =Menschenkraft=, ⸗kräfte ~hand power~

die =Menschenmasse=, -n ~crowd of people~

die =Menschenseele=, -n ~human soul~

=merken= ~perceive, notice, observe; mark, remember, (bear in) mind;~ genau auf etwas ~[_acc._]~ merken ~pay close attention to a thing;~ sich ~[_dat._]~ etwas merken ~impress a thing on one’s memory~

=Merkendorf= ~Merkendorf, a little Bavarian town, not far from the river Altmühl~

=Merkendorfer= ~_adj._ (of) Merkendorf [_Cf._ ~Emdener~.]~

=messen=, mĭßt, māß, gemessen ~measure; eye, scan, take in~

=messingen= ~[~ng ~_as in_ singer] (of) brass~

=Meyer= ~Meyer [_a surname, pronounced as in German_]~

=mich= ~_acc. sg. of_~ ich

die =Miene=, -n ~air, look, expression~

die =Milch= ~milk~

=mĭld= ~mild, gentle; charitable~

=mĭldern= ~soften; lessen (the force of)~

der =Mīnĭ´ster= ~cabinet officer, prime minister~

die =Mīnū´te=, -n ~minute~

=mīr= ~_dat. sg. of_~ ich ~[_Often used to indicate interest or concern on the part of the speaker; in this case rendered by some such phrase as_] I want you to..., be sure you..., _etc._;~ sei mir still ~be still, will (won’t) you?~

=mīr’s= ~_colloqu. contraction of_~ mir es, ~_used for_~ es mir

=mĭßglü´cken=, mißglück´te, ist mißglückt´ ~miscarry, fail~

=mĭßlin´gen=, mißlang´, ist mißlun´gen ~not succeed, fail, fall through~

=mĭßtrauisch= ~suspicious, distrustful~

der =Mĭßwachs=, des ⸗wachses ~[~chs = ks~] poor harvest (crop), failure of (the) crops~

=mĭt= ~_prep._ [_dat._] with~

=mĭt= ~_adv._ also, likewise~

=mĭt= ~_sep. pref._ [_expressing 1. participation, 2. coöperation, 3. simultaneousness; merely the prep._~ mit ~_without its object_] along (with), together with; join in [_the action expressed by the verb_]~

=mĭtbringen=, brăchte ~(_past subj._~ brächte~)~ mit´, mitgebrăcht ~bring (along, with one)~

=mĭt´einan´der= ~with one another (each other), (taken) together;~ das alles miteinander ~all those things together~

=mĭtfechten=, ficht mit´, focht mit´, mitgefochten ~bear one’s part in a battle~

=mĭtgebrăcht= ~_see_~ mitbringen

=mĭtgefochten= ~_see_~ mitfechten

=mĭtkommen=, kām mit´, ist mitgekommen ~come along (with)~

das =Mĭtleid=, des Mitleid(e)s ~pity, sympathy~

=mĭtmachen=, machte mit´, mitgemacht ~participate (share, join) in~

der =Mĭtmensch=, -en ~fellow man (being, creature)~

=mĭtmüssen=, mŭß mit´, mŭßte ~(_past subj._~ mü̆ßte~)~ mit´, mitgemŭßt ~must (have to) go along too [_Cf. last note on_ ~wollen~.]~

=mĭtnehmen=, nimmt mit´, nahm mit´, mitgenommen ~take along (with one)~

=mĭtnich´ten= ~by no means, not at all~

=mĭtsamt´= ~[_dat._] together with~

=mĭtschleppen=, schleppte mit´, mitgeschleppt ~drag (lug) along (around) with one~

=mĭtsingen=, sang mit´, mitgesungen ~[-zing-] join in singing~

der =Mĭttāg=, -e ~noon, midday;~ zu Mittag ~for dinner;~ am hellen Mittag ~at noon, in broad daylight~

das =Mĭttāgessen= ~dinner~

die =Mĭttāg(s)stunde= ~(hour of) noon~

=mĭttanzen=, tanzte mit´, mitgetanzt ~join in the dancing~

die =Mĭtte=, -n ~middle, center~

das =Mĭttel= ~means; [_pl._] resources, funds~

=mĭttels= ~[-els, NOT -elz] by means of [_gen._]~

=mĭtten= ~_adv._ in(to) the middle (of~ an~,~ auf~, ~in~,~ unter ~[_acc. if direction is expressed, otherwise the dat._])~

=mĭtt´lerwei´le= ~(in the) meanwhile, all the (this) while~

=mochte= ~_see_~ mögen

=möchte= ~_see_~ mögen

=mȫgen=, māg, mochte ~(_past subj._~ möchte~),~ gemocht ~(_or, if preceded by a dependent infin._,~ mögen~) [_conceding possibility_] may; [_but more usually expressing inclination, liking, or preference_] like, care to, be glad to; [_less brusque than the imper._] may, will please (be so kind as to);~ er mochte wohl... liegen ~he probably was lying...~

=mȫglich= ~possible~

der =Mohr=, -en ~negro~

der =Mŏk′kākaf´fee=, des -s ~Mocha coffee~

=mollig= ~[_colloqu._] pleasant, comfortable, snug and cosy~

der =Mōnat=, Mō´nate ~month~

der =Mönchswald=, des -(e)s ~the Monk´s Wood~

der =Mōnd=, -e ~moon~

=mōndhell= ~[~⸗nt⸗~] moonlight~

das =Moor=, -e ~bog, swamp, marsh~

das =Moos=, Moose ~moss~

=Moosbach= ~Mossbrook [_name of an imaginary place_]~

die =Mōrāl´= ~moral, application~

=morgen= ~to-morrow~

der =Morgen= ~morning;~ eines Morgens ~one morning [_Cf._ ~Tag~.]~

der =Morgen= ~[_approximately an_] acre [_Cf._~ Sack~.]~

das =Morgenland=, des -(e)s ~land of the East, Orient~

die =Morgensonne= ~morning sun~

=müde= ~weary, tired (of _gen. or acc._)~

die =Mühe=, -n ~[_pl. is rare_] trouble, difficulty; effort, exertion;~ sich Mühe =geben= ~=take= pains~

sich =mühen= ~toil, struggle~

die =Mühle=, -n ~(grist)mill~

das =Mühlenwehr=, -e ~milldam~

der =Mühlstein=, -e ~millstone~

=mühselig= ~[_if emphatic_,~ müh´se´lig~] laborious; full of trouble, wretched~

der =Müller= ~miller~

der =Müller=⸗ 65, 17 = Müllergesell(e) ~[_Cf._~ Ober⸗~]~

der =Müllergesell(e)=, ⸗gesellen ~journeyman miller~

der =Mund=, -e ~_or_~ ̈–e(r) ~mouth;~ reinen Mund halten ~keep mum, not tell a soul, keep one’s mouth shut~

die =Münze=, -n ~coin~

die =Mūsīk´= ~[mo̅o̅-] music~

=mūsīkā´lisch= ~[mo̅o̅-] musical; fond of music~

der =Mūsīkant´=, -en ~[mo̅o̅-] (strolling) musician, (street) fiddler~

=mŭß= ~_see_~ müssen

=müssen=, mŭß, mŭßte ~(_past subj._~ mü̆ßte~),~ gemŭßt ~(_or, if preceded by a dependent infin._,~ müssen~) [~müssen ~_expresses physical or moral compulsion, or necessity_] must, be obliged (forced, compelled) to, have to;~ ich mußte weinen ~I had to cry, I couldn’t help crying [_Cf. last note on_~ wollen~.]~

=mŭßt= ~_2nd pers. sg. pres. ind. of_~ müssen

=mü̆ßt= ~_see_~ müssen

=mŭßte= ~_see_~ müssen

=mü̆ßte= ~_see_~ müssen

der =Musterbaum=, ⸗bäume ~model tree, garden tree~

der =Mūt=, des Mut(e)s ~courage; mood, frame of mind~

die =Mutter=, ̈– ~mother;~ die Mutter Gottes ~Our Blessed Lady, the (Holy) Virgin (Mary), the Madonna~

die =Mütze=, -n ~cap~

der =Mynheer=, -s, -s ~[~mĭnhēr´~] _facetious substitute for_~ Holländer ~Dutchman~

N.

=nă= ~well,...; well then,...; now then,...~

=nāch= ~_prep._ [_dat._] after; [_direction, motion, or effort_] to, toward, for, at [_always used before names of countries or cities with intr. verbs expressing motion_]; [_manner or measure_] according to~

=nāch= ~_sep. pref._ [_expressing pursuit or following of an object in the dat._] after~

der =Nachbār=, -s ~_or_~ -n, -n ~neighbor [_man_]~

die =Nachbārin=, -nen ~neighbor’s wife, woman next door~

=nāchdēm´= ~[_always followed by transposition_] after~

=nāchdenklich= ~thoughtful, reflective, meditative, grave, serious, critical~

=nāchgeben=, gibt nach´, gāb nach´, nachgegeben ~give (way), yield, bend~

=nāchgehen=, ging nach´, ist nachgegangen ~follow (after)~

=nāchhēr´= ~[_for contrast_,~ nāch´hēr~] after that, afterward; then, subsequently; later (on)~

=nāchlässig= ~negligent, careless~

der =Nāchmittāg=, -e ~afternoon~

die =Nāchmittāgstunde=, -n ~hour in the afternoon~

=nāchsehen=, sieht nach´, sah nach´, nachgesehen ~[_dat._] gaze after, follow with one’s eyes~

=nǟchste=, der, die, das ~[~ch ~_as in_~ ich~] _superl. of_ nah ~nearest, next;~ nächster Tage ~one of these days, shortly~

=nāchsteigen=, stieg nach´, ist nachgestiegen ~[_dat._] climb after~

die =Nacht=, ̈–e ~night~

=nacht= ~(in the) night [_used in adv. phrases after_ ~gestern~,~ heute~,~ morgen~, _or the name of a day_]~

das =Nachtlāger= ~night’s rest; night’s lodging~

=nächtlich= ~nocturnal~

=nächtlings= ~[-s, NOT -z] by night~

=nachts= ~at (by, during the) night~

=nackt= ~naked, bare; without covers~

=nadeln= ~ply the needle~

=nah=, näher, der nǟchste ~[~ch ~_as in_~ ich~] near, close [_dat._];~ nah(e) an ~close to~

=nahe= ~[_pred. adj., or adv._] =~ nah

die =Nähe= ~nearness; vicinity, neighborhood;~ in der Nähe ~(+ _gen._) close by, near;~ in unserer Nähe ~near us~

=nähen= ~sew~

=näher= ~_comp. of_~ nah

sich =nähern= ~[~ich nähere~] come nearer (closer), approach [_dat._]~

=nahm= ~_see_~ nehmen

die =Nahrung=, -en ~food, nourishment~

der =Name=, -ns, ~[_dat. and acc. sg. and all cases of the pl._]~ -n ~_or_~

der =Namen=, ~name;~ in Gottes Namen ~just as you like, for aught (all) I care, well and good, for heaven’s sake; heaven help me (us)! here goes!~

=namens= ~[-ens, NOT -enz] by the name of, named~

die =Namensunterschrift=, -en ~[-ens, NOT -enz] signature~

=nǟmlich= ~[_always adding an explanation necessary to complete understanding of the situation_] namely; that is (to say); you see; you must know (understand); the fact is (that); what he did was (to)...~

=nannte= ~_see_~ nennen

der =Napfkūchen= ~poundcake~

=Napō´lēŏn= ~[_Avoid English or French pronunciation!_] Napoleon I (1769-1821)~

die =Narbe=, -n ~scar, gash~

=närrisch= ~foolish; odd, crazy~

die =Nāse=, -n ~nose~

=năß=, nässer ~_or_~ nasser, der nässeste ~_or_~ nasseste ~wet; damp, moist~

die =National´hymne=, -n ~[~nāzĭōnāl´hü̆mne~] national anthem~

die =Nātūr´=, -en ~nature;~ in die freie Natur heraus ~out into the open country;~ =von= Natur ~=by= nature, naturally~

der =Nātūr´=⸗ 90, 2 = Naturfreund ~[_Cf._~ Ober⸗~]~

der =Nātūr´freund=, -e ~lover of nature~

=nātǖr´lich= ~natural; [_adv._] naturally, (as a matter) of course~

der =Nēbel= ~mist, (sea) fog~

=nēben= ~[_dat. in answer to the question_: at what place? _acc. in answer to the question_: whither?] by (at) the side of, beside~

=nebst= ~[~nēpst~] besides, (together) with~

=nehmen=, nimmt, nahm, genommen ~take (from _dat._);~ den Schwanz zwischen die Beine nehmen tuck...; das Wort nehmen ~_see_~ ergreifen; Woher dies alles nehmen? ~Where was I to get all this?~

der =Neid=, des -(e)s ~envy; jealousy~

=neidisch= ~envious, jealous (of~ auf ~+ _acc._)~

=neigen= ~incline (to~ zu~)~

=nein= ~no~

=nennen=, nannte ~(_past subj._~ nennte~),~ genannt ~name, call (by ~bei~);~ das nenne ich =laufen= ~that’s what I call =running= [~nennen ~_requires the acc. of the pers. and_ (_unless_~ bei ~_is used_) _also of the name given; in the passive both the pers. and the name given stand in the nom._]~

das =Nest=, -er ~nest; (wretched) hole, (small,) insignificant place~

das =Netz=, -e ~net, fishing net~

=neu= ~new, fresh;~ aufs neue ~anew, afresh, once more;~ von neuem = aufs neue

das =Neue=, des -n ~the (that which is) new; innovation~

die =Neuerung=, -en ~innovation, (recent) change~

=Neues= ~new thing, what is new [_Cf._~ Besonderes~.]~

die =Neugier= ~curiosity~

=neugierig= ~inquisitive, curious~

das =Neujahr=, -e ~New Year(’s Day)~

=neulich= ~recently, lately; the other day~

=nicht= ~not [_If_~ nicht ~_modifies only one element of the sentence, it immediately precedes this; if it modifies the whole pred., it stands as near the end as may be, but invariably precedes a sep. pref. or the infin. or past part. of a compound tense, and regularly precedes a pred. noun or adj. or an adv. phrase of place or manner._]~

=nichts= ~[_invariable_] nothing, not anything (but ~als~)~

=nicken= ~nod;~ =mit= dem Kopfe nicken ~nod one’s head~

=nie= ~never (at any time)~

=nieder= ~_sep. pref. [expressing direction or motion downward]_ down~

=niederbeugen=, beugte nie´der, niedergebeugt ~bend (bow) down~

=niederdrehen=, drehte nie´der, niedergedreht ~turn down~

=niederfallen=, fällt nie´der, fiel nie´der, ist niedergefallen ~fall (drop) down (to the ground)~

=niedergeschlāgen= ~_participial adj._ dejected, cast down, “down in the mouth”~

=niederknie(e)n=, kniete nie´der, ist niedergekniet ~kneel down~

=niederlassen=, lä̆ßt nie´der, ließ nie´der, niedergelassen ~let down, lower;~ sich niederlassen ~sit (settle) down~

=niederlegen=, legte nie´der, niedergelegt ~lay down;~ sich niederlegen ~go to bed, lie down~

=niederschlāgen=, schlǟgt nie´der, schlūg nie´der, niedergeschlāgen ~depress, grieve, discourage~

=niedrig= ~low~

=niemāls= ~[-ls, NOT -lz] never, at no time~

=niemand= ~[_gen._~ niemand(e)s~, _dat._~ niemand(em),~ _acc._~ niemand(en); ~_no pl._] nobody, no one, none~

=niesen= ~sneeze [_Cf. Job xli, 18, A. V._]~

=nimm= ~_imper. sg. of_~ nehmen

=nim′mermehr´= ~never (at all), not now or ever~

das =Nimmerwie´dersehen=, des -s; auf Nimmerwiedersehen ~never to meet again, never to be seen again; “farewell forever!”~

=nippen= ~sip (_acc. or_~ an + ~_dat._)~

=nirgends= ~[~⸗nts~] nowhere, not anywhere~

die =Nixe=, -n ~nixie~

=noch= ~_adv._ still, yet, even; as yet; as late as, no longer ago than; any more, from now on; as late as all this (that), late as it is (was); _often_ = before the occurrence of something expressed or implied in the context, _e.g._, before setting out, going to bed, etc.;~ noch heute ~this very day; besides, in addition (to that);~ noch ein´mal ~once more;~ noch kein ~not yet a(ny);~ noch nicht (nie) ~not yet, never before (yet);~ noch heute nicht ~not to this day;~ wie lange noch ~how much longer~

=noch= ~_conj._ nor;~ weder... noch ... ~neither... nor...~

der =Norden=, des -s ~north [_In German the def. art. is omitted before the names of the points of the compass in adv. phrases expressing direction._]~

der =Nordwest´=, des -es ~[nŏrtvest´] northwest [_Cf._ ~Norden~.]~

=normāl´= ~normal, regular~

die =Nōt=, ̈–e ~need, want, distress; trouble, danger, difficulty;~ mit knapper Not ~with great difficulty, only just, barely, by a hair’s breadth, in the nick of time~

=nōt= tun ~[_impers._] be needful (necessary)~

=nötig= ~needful, necessary, essential~

das =Nötige=, des -n ~that which is necessary (needful, essential)~

=nötigen= ~urge; compel;~ sich nötigen lassen ~[_make people urge one_ =] have to be urged, wait to be urged~

=nōtwendig= ~[_also_~ nōtwen´dig~] necessary, essential;~ etwas notwendig brauchen ~need a thing urgently~

=nūn= ~_adv._ now [_because of, or after, what has happened, under these circumstances_];~ so saß ich nun dort ~so then I was sitting there; [_at the beginning of the sentence, set off by a comma, and without effect on the order of words_] well~

=nūn= ~_conj._ [_always followed by transposition_] =~ da... nun ~now that~

=nūn´meh´rig= ~present, now living~

=nūr= ~only, but, simply, barely, just; [_generalizing_] ever;~ so weit wie nur möglich ~as far as (ever is) possible;~ was nur der Minister denkt! ~what in the world is the prime minister thinking of!~

=Nürnberg= ~Nuremberg, an important industrial city of Bavaria, with numerous buildings and works of art that date back three to six centuries~

die =Nŭßschāle=, -n ~nutshell~

=nütze= ~_pred. adj._ useful (for~ zu~)~

der =Nutzen=, des -s ~profit, advantage;~ aus etwas Nutzen ziehen ~derive advantage from (profit by) a thing~

O.

=o= ~[_or, when immediately followed by a comma or an exclamation point,_~ oh~] O, oh;~ o ja! ~oh yes!~ o nein! ~oh no!~

=ob= ~[~ŏp~] (to see) whether; if [_always followed by transposition_];~ als ob ~as if, as though [+ _subj._]~

=oben= ~above; overhead; aloft; at the top (mouth); up (here, there);~ bis oben ~up to the top;~ nach oben ~up(ward)~

der =Ober⸗= 29, 3 = der Obersee ~When two successive compounds have the same final component, this is frequently printed only in the second word, its omission in the first word being indicated by the hyphen.~

der =Obersee=, des -s ~Upper Lake~

=oberste=, der, die, das ~highest; chief, head [_armorer, etc._]~

=obgleich´= ~[~ŏp⸗~] although [_always followed by transposition. A following independent clause is regularly introduced by_~ so ~_and reënforced by_~ doch ~nevertheless.]~

=ob’s= ~[~ŏps~] =~ ob es

=obschon´= ~[~ŏp⸗~] =~ obgleich ~(al-)though [_always followed by transposition_];~ obschon Ihr ein großer Herr seid ~great lord as (though) you are~

das =Obst=, des -es ~[~ōpst~] fruit~

=obwohl´= ~[~ŏp⸗~] =~ obgleich ~although [_always followed by transposition_]~

=ōder= ~[_without effect on the order of words_] or~

der =Ōfen=, ̈– ~stove; oven~

=offen= ~open~

=öffentlich= ~public~

=öffnen= ~open;~ sich öffnen ~open; look out (on~ auf~ + _acc._)~

die =Öffnung=, -en ~opening~

=oft=, öfter, am öftesten ~often, frequently, many times~

=öfters= ~[-rs, NOT -rz] (rather, pretty) often _or_ frequently, repeatedly~

=oftmāls= ~[-ls, NOT -lz] =~ oft ~often(times), frequently, repeatedly~

=oh= ~_see_~ o

=ohne= ~[_acc._] without;~ er ritt fort, ohne mich zu bezahlen ~(_or_~ ohne daß er mich bezahlte~) he rode away without paying me; _but_ ONLY~ =er= ritt fort, ohne daß =ich= ihn bezahlte ~he rode away without my paying him~

die =Ohnmacht=, -en ~faint(ing fit), swoon~

das =Ohr=, -(e)s, -en ~ear~

das =Ȫl=, -e ~oil~

das =Ȫlfläschchen= ~little oil flask~

die =Ȫllampe=, -n ~oil lamp~

der =Onkel= ~uncle~

das =Opfer= ~sacrifice~

der =Opfertōd=, des -(e)s ~sacrificial death~

=ordentlich= ~decent, respectable, proper, good; regular, real; [_adv._] actually, positively, with a vengeance~

der =Orgelmann=, ⸗männer ~organ grinder, hand-organ man~

der =Ort=, -e ~[_occasionally_~ ̈–er~] place, spot~

die =Ortschaft=, -en ~(inhabited) place, village, township~

der =Ŏsten=, des -s ~east [_Cf._~ Norden~.]~

=ȫsterreichisch= ~Austrian~

=Ŏst´fries´land= ~[-sl-, NOT -zl-] East Friesland, a district on the North Sea at the extreme northwestern corner of Germany; 1810-1815 under French rule~

P.

ein =paar= ~[_neither_~ ein ~_nor_~ paar ~_is infl. in this phrase_] =~ einige ~a few, “a couple of”~

das =Paar=, -e ~pair [_Cf._~ Sack~.]~

=packen= ~pack, load, hoist;;~ sich packen ~pack off;;~ packt euch! ~be off! clear out!~

=Palmberger= ~[_pronounce the_~ l~ !] Palmberger [_a surname_]~

das =Păpier´= ~[_two syllables_],~ -e ~(piece of) paper; [_pl._] papers, documents, passport~

der =Păpier´schirm= ~[_three syllables_],~ -e ~paper (lamp)shade~

=Parīs´= ~[-rēs] Paris~

der =Park=, -e ~park~

=passen= ~suit, fit, apply (to~ auf ~+ _acc._) [_intr._], be suitable (convenient);~ das paßt ~that’s just the thing; _see also_~ aufpassen

=passie´ren= ~[~ist passiert´~] happen, occur, take place; befall (one _dat._)~

=passiert´= ~_see_~ passieren

=păßt(e)= ~_see_~ passen

der =Pastŏr=, -s, Pastō´ren ~pastor, minister; vicar~

der =Pate=, -n ~godfather; godson~

das =Pa′tengeschenk´=, -e ~(godparent’s) christening gift~

=Paul= ~[_rhymes with_ owl] Paul~

das =Pech=, des Pech(e)s ~pitch~

die =Pensĭōn´=, -en ~[~e ~_as in French_ en,~ s~ _like English_ z (_or_ s)] pension; boarding house~

=Pēter= ~[_Avoid English pronunciation!_] Peter~

das =Pētrō´lēum=, des -s ~[_Rosegger says that at first the word was accented on the third syllable_] petroleum; kerosene~

die =Pētrō´lēumlampe=, -n ~oil (kerosene) lamp~

=Pētrus= ~[_the apostle_] Peter~

der =Pfahl=, ̈–e ~stake, post, picket~

die =Pfanne=, -n ~pan~

der =Pfarrer= ~parson, minister, pastor~

die =Pfeife=, -n ~pipe~

das =Pfeifen=, des -s ~whistling~

der =Pfeifenkopf=, ⸗köpfe ~bowl (of a pipe)~

der =Pfeil=, -e ~arrow~

das =Pfērd=, -e ~horse~

der =Pfērdefūß=, ⸗füße ~horse’s foot (hoof)~

das =Pfingsten=, des -s ~(_also fem._) Whitsuntide, Pentecost~

die =Pfirsich=, -e ~_or_~

der =Pfirsich=, -e ~_or_~

die =Pfirsiche=, -n ~peach~

=pflanzen= ~plant~

das =Pflaster= ~pavement~

die =Pflaume=, -n ~plum, prune~

die =Pflege= ~care, attention~

=pflegen= ~[_with_~ zu ~+ _infin._] be accustomed (to), be in the habit (of)~

die =Pflicht=, -en ~duty~

der =Pflock=, ̈–e ~peg~

der =Pflūg=, ̈–e ~plow~

das =Pfund=, -e ~pound;~ auf ein Pfund gehen nur acht ~it takes only eight to make a pound [_Cf._~ Fuß~.]~

der =Pilz=, -e ~toadstool, mushroom~