Part 21

Il carattere dell’accusa e l’ambiente » 144 Cicerone » 146 I primi maneggi di Verre » 149 La proposizione dell’accusa. Cicerone e Q. Cecilio » 150 La _Divinatio_ » 152 L’inquisizione di Cicerone » 155 Il ritorno di Cicerone » 161 La candidatura di Cicerone e i preliminari della causa » 162 I giudici della causa » 164 Le elezioni » 168 Alla vigilia del giudizio » 169 La causa » 170 Ortensio e Cicerone » 172 Gli ultimi maneggi di Verre » 175 Il sistema d’accusa di Cicerone. — L’orazione » 176 L’oggetto dell’imputazione » 180 Il danno e il risarcimento » 182 L’esame delle prove e de’ testimoni » 183 Il contegno di Ortensio e di Verre » 192 Gl’incidenti del giudizio » ivi Il primo stadio del giudizio » 194 La difesa di Verre? » ivi La natura delle accuse » 195 La questura e la proquestura » ivi La pretura » 196 Il valore delle prove » ivi L’ordinamento della Sicilia e il _ius edicendi_ » 199 Il controllo de’ giudizî » 200 La giurisdizione » 201 La creazione de’ magistrati locali » 205 Le statue » ivi Il conferimento de’ sacerdozî » 206 Le esportazioni » 208 Verre e la _lex Hieronica_ » ivi Gli elementi di fatto dell’accusa » 214 Le decime di Leontini » 215 Il _frumentum imperatum_ e l’_aestimatum_ » 216 La ruina dell’agricoltura siciliana » 219 Le opere d’arte » 222 Verre e i suoi acoliti » 224 Le prevaricazioni » 225 Le benemerenze di Verre » ivi La sicurezza in Sicilia » 227 I pirati ed i provvedimenti per la flotta » 228 L’opera di Verre » 231 La causa dal punto di vista politico » 232 La fine » 234

NOTE:

[1] HEROD. V, 49-50, ed. Stein.

[2] _Fragm. hist. graec._, ed. Didot, II, 131, 88.

[3] Rhein. Mus., 1886. E. MEYER. _Die Ueberlieferung über die lykurgische Verfassung_, 585 seg.

[4] POLYB. _Hist._, I, 1, 5, ed. Büttner-Wobst.

[5] VI, 57.

[6] MOMMSEN _Röm. Gesch._ Berlin, 1888, I^8, 781.

[7] JUV. _Sat._, II, 6, 295, ed. Weidner.

[8] OVID. _A. A._, III, 113-4, ed. Riese.

[9] BOUCHÉ-LECLERCQ. _Manuel des institutions romaines._ Paris, 1886, pp. 60, 62, 82.

[10] M. TERENTI VARRONIS. _Saturarum Menippearum reliquiae._ Leipz., 1865, ed. Riese, p. 215.

[11] MOMMSEN-BLACAS. _Hist. de la monnaie romaine._ Paris, 1870, II, 28.

[12] LENORMANT ET DE WITTE. _Élite des monuments ceramogr._ Intr., pp. XLII, XLIII, XLV.

BELOT. _De la révolution économique et monétaire qui eut lieu à Rome du III siècle._ Paris, 1886, pag. 113.

[13] BELOT. _La révolut. économ._, p. 115.

[14] BELOT E. _Histoire des chévaliers Romains_. Paris, 1873, II, p. 4 e seg.

[15] BELOT E. Loc. cit., p. 146.

[16] DELOUME A. _Les manieurs d’argent à Rome_. Paris, 1891, p. 29.

[17] Rhein. Mus. 1886. E. MEYER, l. c., p. 586.

[18] _Satur._ ed. Lachmann, p. 118, v. 1067.

[19] SAALFELD u. GUNTHER. _Der Hellenismus in Latium._ Wolfenbüttel, 1888, pp. 2, 38 etc.

[20] HORAT. _Carm._ II, 16, ed. Keller-Holder.

[21] VARRON. _Sat. Menipp._, ed. Riese, Τάφη Μενίππου, p. 225.

[22] PLIN. _N. H._, XXXVI, 2, 4-6, ed. Ianus.

[23] VARRON. _Sat. Menipp._, p. 103, II, 2.

[24] MARQUARDT J. _Das Privatleben der Römer._ Leipzig, 1886, pag. 221 e seg.

[25] JORDAN H. _Topographie der Stadt Rom in Alterthum._ Berlin, 1878, I Bd. I Th. p. 297.

[26] FRIEDLÄNDER. _Darstellungen aus der Sittengeschichte Roms._ Leipzig, 1881, I, p. 3.

[27] _Sat. Menip._, p. 141, VII, 6.

[28] Ed. Lachmann, p. 90, v. 834.

[29] PLIN. _N. H._, XXXIII, 134.

[30] IHNE W. _Röm. Gesch._ Leipzig, 1870, II, p. 395.

[31] _Comic. Roman. fragm._, ed. O. Ribbeck. Lipsiae, 1878, p. 358, v. 644.

[32] _Maximum aes alienum amplissimorum virorum_ CIC. _ad fam._ 1, 6; 7, 3. — DRUMANN. _Gesch. Rom’s._ Königsberg, 1844, III, 186.

[33] DUREAU DE LA MALLE. _Économ. polit. des Romains._ Paris, 1840, II, 219 e seg.; 234 e seg.

[34] _Sat. Menip._, p. 217, XVII, 16.

[35] Loc. cit. p. 110, XXIV, 6, 17.

[36] Loc. cit. p. 211, V, 3.

[37] Loc. cit. p. 216, VI, 13.

[38] NEUMANN. _Geschichte Roms während des Verfalles der Republik._ Breslau, 1881, I Bd. 26-7.

[39] BELOCH J. _Die Bevölkerung der Griechisch-Römischen Welt._ Leipzig, 1886, I, p. 393.

[40] NEUMANN. Op. cit. I, 87.

[41] _Fragm. Comic. Roman._, ed. Ribbeck, pag. 27.

[42] _Satir. Menip._, pp. 100 e 216.

[43] LABATUT EDM. _La corruption électorale chez les Romains._ Paris, 1876, p. 89 e seg.; GENTILE I. _Le elezioni e il broglio nella Repubblica romana._ Milano, 1879, p. 249 e seg.

[44] WILLEMS. _Les élections municipales à Pompei._ Paris, 1887, p. 26 e segg.

[45] _Das Kapital._ Hamburg, 1890, I^4, pp. 95-6.

[46] LABATUT. Op. cit. pp. 107, 111, 181 etc.

[47] _Sat._, ed. Lachmann, p. 111, v. 1020 _b._

[48] LIV. XXI, 63, 4; Cic. _A. S. in Verr._, V, 18, 45; L. 3, D. 50, 5 _de vacat. et excusat. munerum._ MOMMSEN. _St. R._ I^3, 497; III, 898 e seg.

[49] C. SUET. TRANQ. _Div. Iul. 54_, ed. Roth.

[50] _Orat. Rom. fragm._, ed. H. Meyer. Turici, 1842, p. 281; AUL. GELL. 15, 12, ed. Hertz.

[51] VALER. MAX. IV, 3, 11, ed. Haase.

[52] C. CRISP. SALLUST. _Bell. Iug._ 35, 10 ed. Dietsch.

[53] NITZSCH. _Gesch. der Röm. Republik._ Leipzig, 1884, I, p. 188; II, p. 20.

[54] CIC. _Pro Font._ 19, ed. Klotz.

ARNOLD W. T. _The roman system of provincial administration to the accession of Costantin the Great._ London, 1879, p. 8.

[55] ARISTOT. _Polit_, I, 2, 20, ed. Susemihl.

[56] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 3, 7.

[57] GAL. II, 7.

[58] _Lex. agr. a. 643 C. I. L._, I, 175, n. 200; BRUNS^5. _Fontes iuris antiqui_, p. 72.

[59] LIV. XXXXV, 18, ed. Weissenborn.

[60] LIV. XXXXV, 18.

[61] LIV. XXX, 16.

[62] LIV. XXXXV, 18.

[63] ARNOLD. Op. cit. 180-7. — KUHN. _Die stadtische und bürgerliche Verfassung des Römisches Reichs._ Leipzig, 1865, II, 1-80.

[64] LIV. XXXI, 31, 8, _... captam iisdem armis et liberatam urbem reddidimus_; PLUT. _Marc._ 23, ed. Sintenis.

[65] BERGFELD. _Die Organisation der röm. Provinzen._ Neustrelitz, 1846, p. 16 e seg.; POLYB. 22, 7.

[66] ARNOLD. Op. cit. 201 e seg.; MARQUARDT. _Staatsverwaltung_, I^2, 269 e seg.; PERSON. _Essai sur l’administration des provinces romaines sous la République._ Paris, 1878, pp. 89-113; KUHN. Op. cit. 1-41; MARX. _Essai sur les pouvoirs du gouverneur de province._ Paris, 1880, p. 20 e seg.; D’Hughes. Une province romaine sous la République. Paris, 1876, p. 15-50.

[67] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 66, 160; _De prov. cons._ 3, 6; STRAB. IV, 1, 5: _C. I. G._, 2222, vv. 16-7.

[68] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, III, 73; 77, 180; IV, 9, 20, 21; 34, 76; _C. I. L._, I. _Plebisc. de Thermes_, 52-6; STRAB. VIII, 5, 5, ed. Müller-Dubner; KUHN. Op. cit. 30-1.

[69] MARQUARDT. _StVerw._ I^2, 92.

[70] ARNOLD. Op. cit. p. 215.

[71] ARNOLD. Op. cit. p. 188; MARQUARDT. _StVerv._ II^2, 201-2.

[72] MARQUARDT. _StVerv._, II^2, 192-3; PLIN. _N. H._, XXI, 77; XXXIII, 51.

[73] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, III, 70, 163; III, 6, 13; III, 73, 170; PRO FLACC. 12, 14; LIV. XXI, 19; XXXII, 27; XXXVI, 4; XLIII, 8; PERSON. OP. CIT. 161-9.

[74] LIV. XXIII, 21, 5; 32, 9; 41, 6; XXXVI, 2, 13; XLII, 31, 8.

[75] LIV. XL, 51, 8; VELL. _Pat._, II, 6, 3, ed. Haase.

[76] LIV. _epit._ 20.

[77] LIV. XXXII, 27; MOMMSEN. _Staatsrecht_, II^3, 198.

[78] LABOULAYE ED. _Essai sur les lois criminelles des Romains._ Paris, 1845, XXII-XXIII.

[79] RUDORFF. _De iurisdictione edictum. Edicti perpetui quae reliqua sunt._ Lipsiae, 1869, p. 6-7; CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, I. 46; ad Att. 6, 1, 15; _ad fam._ III, 8, 4, 5; ASCON. in Cornel. p. 58, 15 Orelli, DIO. CASS. 36, 40, (23) ed. Dindorf.

[80] HERMES. IV, 120 e seg.

[81] NEUMANN. _Gesch. Rom’s._ I, 62.

[82] Op. cit. pp. 62-70.

[83] L. 1, § 1, D. 39, 4 _de publicanis_, ed. Mommsen.

[84] DELOUME. _Les manieurs d’argent_, pp. 253-61.

[85] XXXV, 18.

[86] DIOD. SIC. V, 26, 3, 4, ed. Müller; CAES. _Bel. Gal._, III, 1, 2.

[87] _Ad. Quint. fratr._, I, 1, ed. Wesenberg.

[88] DELOUME. Op. cit. p. 403 e seg.; BOISSIER. _Cicéron et ses amis._ Paris, 1865, pp. 65-6.

[89] _Ad. Quint._ fr., I, 1, 13.

[90] CIC. _Pro Planc._, 13, 33.

[91] _Le Correspondant 1874._ A. NISARD. _Un gouverneur de province au temps de Cicéron_, p. 752 e seg.

[92] _Ad. Quint. fr._, I, 1, 11.

[93] DELOUME. Op. cit. pp. 95, 176.

[94] CIC. _Pro. C. Rab. Post._, 2, 4.

[95] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 29.

[96] CIC. _ad Att._, VI, 1, 5, 6.

[97] CIC. _ad Att._, VI, 1, 6.

[98] CIC. _pro Flac._, 84, 86; _de leg. agr._, I, 3, 8; ARNOLD. Op. cit., p. 75.

[99] _Fest. s. v. Reciperatio_, 274 Muller.

[100] DIONYS. VI, 95, ed. Jacoby.

[101] BETHMANN-HOLLWEG. _Der röm. Civilprocess._ Bonn, 1864, I, 53, 67-8.

[102] VOIGT. _Das jus naturale aequum et bonum und jus gentium der Römer._ Leipzig, 1858, II, 218.

[103] Op. cit. II, 219-20.

[104] LIV. XLIII, 2.

[105] WILLEMS. _Le sénat de la république romaine._ Paris, 1888, II, 275-6.

[106] VOIGT. Op. cit. II, 193.

[107] ZUMPT A. W. _Das Criminalrecht der röm. Republik._ Berlin, 1868, II, 1, p. 16.

[108] BELOT. _De la revolut. économ._ p. 26; BETHMANN-HOLLWEG. Op. cit., I, 69.

[109] DIONYS. VI, 95.

[110] VOIGT. Op. cit., II, 196.

[111] LIV. XLIII, 8; ZUMPT C. T. _De legibus iudiciisque repetundarum in Republica Romana._ Berlin, 1895, p. 9; ZUMPT A. W. Op. cit., II, 1, p. 20.

[112] CIC. _Brut._ 27, 106; _De off._, II, 21, 75.

[113] REIN. _Das Criminalrecht der Römer._ Leipzig, 1844, p. 614.

[114] MOMMSEN. _Röm. St R._, II^3, 583.

[115] MOMMSEN. _St. R._, II^3, 223-4; LABOULAYE. _Essai sur les lois criminelles des Romains._ Paris, 1845, p. 198.

[116] BRUNS^5. _Fontes iuris Romani antiqui_, ed. Mommsen. _Lex Acilia repet. vs._ 23 e 74.

[117] _Annali dell’Istituto di corrispondenza archeologica_ (1849), vol. 21, p. 9.

[118] _C. I. L._, I, p. 54.

[119] REIN. Op. cit., 615-6.

[120] ZUMPT C. T. _De legibus iudiciisque_ etc. p. 15; REIN. Op. cit., 646 e seg.; ZUMPT _Der Criminalprocess der röm. Republik._ Leipzig, 1871, p. 468 e seg.

[121] VAL. MAX. (V, 8, 3) narra del caso di D. Iunio Silano, ma questi non venne sottoposto all’ordinario procedimento della _quaestio_, bensì, per volere concorde anche degli accusatori, deferito al giudicio del padre, che di ciò avea fatta domanda, e riconosciuto da lui colpevole, finì suicida (ZUMPT _C. R._, II, (1), 21). Lentulo è detto da VAL. MAX. (VI, 9, 10) condannato secondo la lex Caecilia, ma deve intendersi Calpurnia. _C. I. L._, p. 54; ZUMPT _Cr. Pr._, 468; _Cr. R._, II, 1, 25; REIN. Op. cit. 646.

[122] _App. B. Civ._, I, 22, ed. Mendelsohn; CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, 1, 13; VELLEIUS. II, 6, 3; 13, 2; 32, 3; FLOR. III, 17, ed. Salmasii; PLIN. _N. H._, XXXIII, 34; TACIT. _Ann._, XII, 60, ed. Nipperdey; BELOT. _Hist. des chev._, II, 233 e seg.

[123] _C. I. L._, I, p. 54.

[124] CIC. _in Verr. A._ I, 17, 51, 52.

[125] KARLOWA. _Röm. Rechtsgesch._ Leipzig, 1885, I, 432 e seg.

[126] _Cr. R._, II, 1.

[127] _C. I. L._, I, p. 64.

[128] _Lex Ac. rep_. v. 2.

[129] _C. I. L._, I, p. 64.

[130] _Lex Acil. rep._, v. 59.

[131] _Lex Ac. rep._, v. 58.

[132] _Lex Ac. rep._., v. 57.

[133] ZUMPT _C. R._, II, (1), 159.

[134] ZUMPT _C. R._, II, (1), 160.

[135] _Lex Ac. rep._, v. 57.

[136] _Lex Ac. rep._, v. 62 e seg.

[137] ORELLI, 569.

[138] _Lex Ac. rep._, v. 12, 16.

[139] _C. I. L._, I, p. 65; MOMMSEN. _St. R._, II^3, p. 191, A. I.

[140] _Lex Ac. rep._, v. 13, 16, 17.

[141] Loc. cit., v. 18.

[142] _Lex Ac. rep._, 1, 20.

[143] _Lex Ac. rep._, v. 22-23. Si trovano di nuovo qui eccepiti tutti quei funzionari, che innanzi erano stati eccepiti come incapaci di entrare tra i quattrocento cinquanta, il che ha dato luogo a dissensi d’interpretazioni e di supplementi, in cui non entro, trattandosi di una discussione speciale che non riguarda questo lavoro. Cfr. ZUMPT _C. R._, II, (1), 127 e seg.

[144] _Lex Ac. rep._, v. 25-6.

[145] Loc. cit. v. 30-1.

[146] Loc. cit. v. 30-3; VOIGT. Op. cit. IV, 385.

[147] _Lex Ac. rep_., v. 36-56.

[148] Loc. cit. v. 56.

[149] Loc. cit. v. 76-79.

[150] _C. I. L._, I, p. 56.

[151] ZUMPT _C. R._, II, (1), 187-8.

[152] IUL. OBSEQU. _prodig. lib._ c. 101 (41) ed. Jahn; CASSIOD. _Chron. s. a._ 648, ed. Mommsen.

[153] TACIT. _Ann._, XII, 60; CIC. _de inv._, I, 49; _Brut._, 44, 164.

[154] LABOULAYE. Op. cit. 231 e seg.; ZUMPT _C. R._, II, (1), 192 e seg.; GEIB. _Gesch. des röm. Criminalprocess._ Leipzig, 1842, p. 198.

[155] CIC. _Brut._, 62, 224.

[156] ZUMPT _C. R._, II, (1), 192.

[157] CIC. _Pro Rab. Post._, 4, 8.

[158] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, I, 9, 26.

[159] CIC. _Pro Balb._, 24, 54.

[160] CIC. _Brut_, 22, 86; Val. Max. VIII, 1, 11.

[161] S. v. _res comperendinata_, p. 282, Müller.

[162] CIC. _in Verr._, I, 9.

[163] GEIB. Op. cit. p. 378.

[164] _C. R._, II, (1), 359, 371.

[165] CIC. _Pro C. Rab. Post._, 4, 8.

[166] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 31, 77.

[167] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, IV, 5, 10. Dicet aliquis: Noli isto modo agere cum Verre, noli eius facta ad antiquae religionis rationem exquirere; concede ut impune emerit, modo ut bona ratione emerit, nihil pro potestate nihil et invito, nihil per iniuriam.

[168] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, I, 22; IV, 5.

[169] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 21.

[170] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 58, 142.

[171] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, III, 72, 168.

[172] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, IV, 4, 8.

[173] V, 3.

[174] _Ps. Asc._ p. 146, Orelli; REIN. Op. cit. 622.

[175] Op. cit. 622; CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 31, 76.

[176] ZUMPT C. T. _De legibus et iudiciis_, etc. 41.

[177] _v._, 23.

[178] _Rhetoric. ad Herenn._, I, 11, 20, ed. C. L. Kayser.

[179] _Zeitschr. der Sav. Stift. für R. G._, IX (XXII), _R. A._, p. 403; _C. I. L._, XII, 6038.

[180] CIC. _Div. in Q. Caecil._, 5; A. S., I, 10.

[181] ZUMPT C. T. _De legib. iudic._, etc. p. 40.

[182] ZUMPT _C. R._, II, (1), 361.

[183] CIC. _Div. in Q. Caecil._, 5.

[184] CIC. ap. Ascon. in Cornel. p. 79, Orelli; ZUMPT _C. R._, II, (1), 259; ZUMPT C. T. _De legib._, p. 85.

[185] ORELLI BAITER. _Onomasticon Tullianum_, Turici, 1838, _Index legum s. v. Aurellia iudiciaria_.

[186] APPIAN. _B. C._, I, 35.

[187] ZUMPT A. W. _Criminalprocess_, p. 469 e seg.; REIN. Op. cit. 646 e seg.

[188] CIC. _Div._, 21; _A._, I, 13.

[189] CIC. _in Verr._, _A._, I, 13.

[190] CIC. _Pro Sest._, 64, 35; _in Vat._, 12, 29; _in Pison_, 37, 90.

[191] ZUMPT _C. R._, II, (2), 294 e seg.; REIN. Op. cit. 623 e seg.; ZUMPT C. T. _De legib._, p. 60; LABOULAYE. Op. cit. p. 300.

[192] LIV. _Epit._, 19; XXX, 44; POLYB. I, 61, 3.

[193] ZONAR. VIII, 9 ed. Dindorf; PAIS. Alcune osservazioni sulla Storia e sull’amministrazione della Sicilia durante il dominio romano. Palermo, 1888, p. 58, 60 e seg.

[194] LIV. XXV, 23-31.

[195] LIV. XXVI, 40.

[196] SIC. 2, 2.

[197] LIV. _ep._, 20; SOLIN. 5, 1, ed. Mommsen; MOMMSEN. _St. R._, II^3, 1, 198.

[198] SOLIN. l. c.; KLEIN. _Die Verwaltungsbeamten der Provinzen des Röm. Reichs bis auf. Diocletian._, Bonn, 1878, I, p. 11.

[199] MOMMSEN. _Röm. Gesch._, I^8, 545.

[200] KLEIN. Op. cit. p. 5.

[201] BERGFELD. Op. cit. p. 9.

[202] POLYB. VIII, 5; LIV. XXIV, 27 e seg., XXVII, 8, 16; KLEIN. Op. cit. pp. 5, 14, 16-7.

[203] LIV. XXV, 40.

[204] LIV. XXVI, 40.

[205] LIV. XXVI, 21.

[206] PAIS. Op. cit. pp. 63-4.

[207] LIV. XVI, 40.

[208] VALER. MAX. VI, 9, 8; SCHOL. GRONOV. ed. Orelli 391; CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 13-16.

[209] BELOCH. _Die Bevölkerung der Griech. Röm. Welt_, Leipz. 1886, p. 299; PAIS. Op. cit. pag. 7 sg.; Altrimenti KUHN. _Die städt. bürg. Verfassung des Röm. Reichs._ Leipz. 1864-5, II, p. 61.

[210] XXIII, 4, Didot.

[211] LIV. XXVI, 40.

[212] Cic. in Verr. A. S., II, 53, 133; 55, 137.

[213] Cic. in Verr. A. S., III, 6, 13.

[214] Cic. in Verr., loc. cit.

[215] Cic. in Verr. A. S., V, 22, 56; 51, 133.

[216] PAIS. Op. cit. p. 26.

[217] XXVI, 40.

[218] PAIS. Loc. cit.

[219] PAIS. Op. cit. pp. 27-64.

[220] NITZSCH. _Die Gracchen._ Berlin, 1847, p. 56.

[221] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, V, 20, 51.

[222] VOIGT. _Das jus nat. aequum et bonum und jus gentium der Römer_, II, 397, n. 456.

[223] _A. S._, III, 70, 163; V, 21, 52.

[224] VOIGT. Op. cit. II, p. 398, 9, n. 459; RUDORFF. _Schriften d. Röm. Feldmesser_, II, p. 315.

[225] PERNICE. _Parerga_ in _Zeitschrift für Savigny-Stiftung, Röm. Abth._ V, p. 64.

[226] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, III, 6, 13.

[227] DARESTE. _De forma et conditione Siciliae provinciae Romanae. Lutetiae_, 1850, p. 33.

[228] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, V, 21, 53.

[229] CIC. _Divin. in Q. Caecil._, 3, 8; Cic. _in Verr. A. S._, I, 50, 130; III, 7, 18; MOMMSEN. _St. R._, II^3, 336-7.

[230] VOIGT. Op. cit. l. c.

[231] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, III, 46, 110 e seg.; 49, 117 e seg.

[232] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 53, 131; 56, 139.

[233] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 70, 169; III, 71, 167; DARESTE, op. cit. 42.

[234] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 71, 171, 75, 185.

[235] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, III, 71, 167, ed. Zumpt, p. 589.

[236] DARESTE. Op. cit. p. 43.

[237] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 49, 122; 67, 161; III, 45, 108; 73, 170; IV, 8, 17; 34, 76; V, 8, 21; 17, 44.

[238] Senatus Thermitanorum CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 36, 88, Agrigentinorum, II, 50, 123; Senatus Agyrinensis, III; 31, 73; Amestratinus, III, 39, 88; Senatus Imacharensium; A. S., III, 42, 100; in Senatu Entellino; _A. S._, III, 87, 200; Senatus Tyndaritanus; _A. S._, IV, 39, 40; Catinae magistratus, senatus, curia; _A. S._, I, 45, 99, 100.

[239] Senatus Syracusanus, Senatum populumque Syracusanum, curia, _A. S._, IV, 61 e seg.

[240] _A. S._, II, 5, 14.

[241] CIC. _in Verr._, I, 3, 7; A. S., II, 42, 103; 46, 114; 49, 120; 59, 146; 64, 155; III, 39, 89; 42, 100; 67, 161; IV, 62, 138; 64, 143 e seg.; V, 24, 61; 39, 103; KUHN. Op. cit. II, 58 e seg.; DARESTE. Op. cit. p. 16.

[242] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, IV; 23, 39, 85; C. I. G., 5491=KAIBEL. _Inscript. gr. Siciliae_, 952.

[243] CIC. _in Ver A. S._, II, 56, 139; 53, 133; 55, 137.

[244] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 67, 161; IV, 43, 93; ἁγορανόμοι _C. I. G._, 5425-7; KAIBEL, _I. G. S._, 209, 211, 312. ταμίαι _C. I. G._, 5491, 5640=KAIBEL. _I. G. S._, 952, 422.

[245] _C. I. G._, 5425-7, 5491.

[246] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, IV, 42, 92; C. I. G., 5475, 5641-2=KAIBEL. _I. G. S._, 256, 423-4.

[247] _C. I. G._, 5425-7.

[248] _C. I. G._, 5425 e seg.; 5742=KAIBEL. _I. G. S._, 472. cfr. CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, IV, 57, 128.

[249] _C. I. G._, 5475, 5476, 5491, 5546, 5752=KAIBEL. _I. G. S._, 256-7, 852, 290, 953.

[250] DIOD. SIC. XVI, 70; CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 51, 126; 52, 128; IV, 61, 137.

[251] _Centoripinum magistratus et Decemprimum_, A. S., II, 67, 162.

[252] _Agyrrio magistratus et quinqueprimi_, A. S., III, 28, 68.

[253] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 49.

[254] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 50.

[255] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 49, 122.

[256] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 50.

[257] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, IV, 64.

[258] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 49, 120, 122.

[259] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II. 53, 131.

[260] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 52, 126-7; 52, 128.

[261] GÖTTLING. _Röm. St. Verf._, p. 419; KUHN. Op, cit. p. 60.

[262] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 51, 127.

[263] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 49-50, 120-5.

[264] DIOD. SIC. XIII, 34, 6; 35, 1-4; XVI, 82, 6.

[265] FREEMAN. _History of Sicily_, III, p, 726-7. Oxford, 1892.

[266] CIC. _in Verr._, I, 4, 13.

[267] Leges Bidinorum. CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 22; Leges Agyrinensium. _A. S._, III, 31, 73; Lex Thermitanorum, _A. S._, II, 37, 90 e seg.; CIC. _in Verr._, I, 4, 13.

[268] Loc. cit.; VOIGT. Op. cit. II, p. 407.

[269] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 13, 32.

[270] _A. S._, II, 13, 32.

[271] KORNEMANN. _De civibus romanis in provinciis imperii consistentibus._ Berol. 1892, pp. 16, 18, 20; SCHULTEN. _De conventibus civium Romanorum._ Berol. 1892, pp. 1-16, 124-5.

[272] HERMES. VII MOMMSEN. _Die Röm. Lagerstädte_, p. 319 sg.; HERMES. XVI MOMMSEN. _Schweiz Nachstudien_, p. 377 sg.

[273] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._ II, 13, 32.

[274] DEGENKOLB H. _Die lex Hieronica und das Pfändungsrecht der Steuerpächter._ Berlin, 1861.

[275] ARISTOT. Ἀθηναίων πολιτεία. 16; NITZSCH. _Die Gracchen._ pp. 37-56.

[276] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 13, 32; III, 6, 15; 8, 19-20.

[277] DEGENKOLB. Op. cit.

[278] DARESTE. Op. cit. p. 23; DEGENKOLB. Op. cit. p. 13.

[279] SELL. _Die Recuperatio_, p. 385; DEGENKOLB. Op. cit. p. 14.

[280] VOIGT. Op. cit. II, 404.

[281] DEGENKOLB. Op. cit. p. 19 e seg.

[282] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 13, 34.

[283] KELLER. _De la procedure civile et des actions chez les Romains, trad. franç._ Paris, 1890, p. 34.

[284] DEGENKOLB. Op. cit. pp. 31, 33.

[285] _Nequis extra suum forum vadimonium promittere cogatur._ CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, III, 15, 38.

[286] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, III, 8, 20.

[287] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, III. 27, 32.

[288] CIC. _ad Qu. fr._, I, 1, 12; _ad Att._, V, 13; _ad fam._, XIII, 65; _de prov. cons._, 5; cfr. DEGENKOLB. Op. cit. p. 44.

[289] DEGENKOLB. Op. cit. pp. 76-7.

[290] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 13, 32.

[291] LIV. XXXIV, 21; XXXVI, 31; PLUT. _Cat. maj._, 11; Zon. VIII, 17; APPIAN. _Hisp._ 434; CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 50, 123; WILLEMS. _Le sénat de la République romaine._ Paris, 1883, II, 703.

[292] MOMMSEN, _Röm. St. R._, III, 1211. Leipzig, 1888.

[293] VOIGT. Op. cit. IL, p. 395-6, n. 453.

[294] MOMMSEN. _Die Stadrechte der lateinischer Gemeinden Salpensa und Malaca. Abhandl d. K. S. Ges. d. Wissensch._, III, p. 693, n. 12.

[295] MOMMSEN. _St. R._, II^3, 221-2.

[296] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, III, 40, 93; VOIGT. Op. cit. p. 397 A. 457; KUHN. Op. cit. II, p. 39.

[297] CIC. _in Verr. A. S._, II, 50, 124.

[298] BELOCH. _Die Bevölkerung der griech. röm. Welt._ Leipzig, 1886, p. 273.

[299] NISSEN. _Griech. u. Röm. Metrologie in Müller Hdb. d. Klass. Alterthumovis._ I^2, p. 884.

[300] Nell’anno 1891 in Sicilia la produzione del frumento veniva calcolata ad ettolitri 7,744,918, del granturco a 67,632, dell’avena a 197,918, dell’orzo a 1,511,699, della segala a 31,631, del riso a 25,590, de’ legumi a 1,318,442, delle patate a qu. 69,312, del vino a ett. 6,855,655, dell’olio a 534,267, degli agrumi a 23,488,288 frutti (_Ann. stat. ital._ 1892).

[301] BELOCH. Op. cit. p. 298.

[302] KLEIN. Op. cit. 11-72

[303] LIV. XXVI, 40, 15.

[304] _A. S._, I, 6, 15; 7, 20.

[305] _A. S._, I, 54, 141; III, 26, 65.

[306] _A. S._, IV, 14-15, 33-4; 28, 65; 29, 66.

[307] _A. S._, V, 62, 161.

[308] _A. S._, IV, 38, 83; 61, 136; V, 10-13, 26-33; 40,104; 54, 142.

[309] LOMBROSO. _L’uomo delinquente._ Torino, 1884, pp. 398-409.

[310] _A. S._, II, 6, 18; IV, 25, 56.