Chapter 29

gâcher, _v._ to make a mess of, spoil. gage, _m._ pledge, security; _pl._ wages; mettre en --, to pawn. gager, _v._ to wager. gagner, _v._ to gain, win, gain possession of, reach, earn. gai, -e, _adj._ gay, merry. gaiement, _adv._ gaily, merrily. gaieté, _f._ gaiety, jollity, glee, merriment. gaillard, -e, _adj. and s._ jolly, jovial, plucky, brave, jolly fellow, lusty feliow, fellow. gaillardet, -te, _adj._ hearty (diminutive formed from gaillard in imitation of the Provençal _gaiardet_). gaillardise, _f._ jollity, broad joke. Gaillon, village in the department of Eure (Normandy), contains a prison (see context). gain, _m._ gain, winnings. gala, _m._ gala, show, ceremony, full dress. galant, -e, _adj._ and s. gallant, courtly, graceful, elegant, suitor, sweetheart. galerie, _f._ gallery, corridor. galérien, _m._ convict. galerne, _f._ west-north-west wind, west-north-west. galette, _f._ griddle-cake. galine, _see_ coq. Gallitzin (Caroline -- de Genthod, née Comtesse Walewska), probably a sister of the Pole, Alexander Walewski, a soldier, diplomat and statesman in the French service (1810-1868). galon, _m._ stripe. galop, _m._ gallop. galoper, _v._ to gallop, palpitate. gambader, _v._ to gambol, frisk. gamin, -e, _m., f._ gamin, brat. gant, _m._ glove. garçon, _m._ boy, bachelor, fellow, waiter, attendant. garde, _f._ guard, watch, nurse; _m._ guardian, guard, keeper; n'avoir -- de, to have no intention to, take care not to, be far from; prendre --, take care; prendre -- à, pay attention to; la mer est d'une fameuse --, the sea guards its own well; sur ses gardes, on his guard; -- nationale, national guard (militia); -- national, militia-man; chien de --, watchdog. garder, _v._ to guard, keep; se -- de, take care not to. gardeur, _m._ keeper, cowherd, cowherd's dog. gardien, -ne, _adj. and s._ guardian, guard, keeper. gare, _interj._ lookout!; -- donc!, come!, look out! gargariser, _v._ to gargle; je m'en gargarise, I am enjoying it. garnir, _v._ to furnish, fit out, cover, adorn, fill, trim, be scattered over; se --, be trimmed, be filled. garnison, _f._ garrison. garniture, _f._ trimming. garrotter, _v._ to bind firmly. gars, _m._ young fellow, stripling, fellow, boy (pronounced: _gar or ga_). gaspiller, _v._ to waste, squander. gâteau, _m._ cake. gâter, _v._ to spoil. gauche, _adj._ left, awkward; _f._ left band. gaudriole, _f._ broadjoke. gaufrer, _v._ to gaffer, plaît, flute. gaulois, -e, _adj._ Gallic. gaz, _m._ gas (_z_ pronounced). gaze, _f._ gauze. gazelle, _f._ gazelle. gazette, _f._ newspaper. gazon, _m._ sward, grass. géant, -e, _adj. and s._ gigantic, giant. gelée, _f._ frost. geler, _v._ to freeze. gémir, _v._ to groan, moan. gémissement, _m._ groan, wail. gendarme, _m._ gendarme, military police officer. gendarmerie, _f._ military police. gendre, _m._ son-in-law. gêne, _f._ uneasiness, embarrassment, constraint, hesitation. gêner, _v._ to embarrass, trouble, be in the way of, inconvenience. général, -e, _adj. and m._ general. génération, _f._ generation. générosité, _f._ generosity. génie, _m._ genius, spirit. genou, _m._ knee. genre, _m._ kind, sort, form. gens, _m. pl._ (preceding adjective takes feminine form) people; jeunes --, young men, young people; ses --, his servants. gentil, -le, _adj._ nice. gentilhomme, _m._ nobleman, gentleman (_l_ pronounced as _y_). gerbe, _f._ sheaf, cluster. gerbier, _m._ stack, mow. germe, _m._ germ. germain, -e, _adj._ german, first; cousin issu de --, first cousin once removed. Gertrude, Gertrude. gésir, _v._ to lie. geste, _m._ gesture. gesticuler, _v._ to gesticulate. ghazel, _m._ gazel (Persian love poem). giaour, _m._ giaour (Turkish name for all non-Mohammedans). gibet, _m._ gibbet, gallows. gibier, _m._ game. gigantesque, _adj._ gigantic. gilet, _m._ waistcoat. Giseh, Gizeh (Egyptian city and province on the Nile). gîte, _m._ abode, shelter, resting-place. glace, _f._ ice, plate-glass, mirror. glacer, _v._ to ice, freeze, chill; glacé, -e, iced, icy, frozen. glacial, -e, _adj._ glacial, icy. gland, _m._ acorn, tassel. glaner, _v._ to glean. glaneur, -euse, _m., f._ gleaner. glissade, _f._ slide; faire une --, to slide. glisser, _v._ to slide, slip, glide, be slippery; se --, slip, glide; -- sur, slip on, slip or glide, slip off; glissant, -e, _adj._ slippery. gloire, _f._ glory; faire -- de, to glory in. glorieux, -euse, _adj._ glorious, vainglorious, proud. glouglou, _m._ gurgling. glousser, _v._ to cluck. Godeau, name of a family in Croisilles; Antoine -- was a bishop and poet of the 17th century. Godefroy, Godfrey; -- de Bouillon, duke and leader of the first crusade and first King of Jerusalem (1058-1100). goguenard, -e, _adj._ bantering, jeering, scoffing. golfe, _m._ gulf. gond, _m._ hinge (of a blind or door). gonfler, _v._ to swell, swell out, put! out, fill; gonflé, -e, swollen. gorge, _f._ throat, gorge. gorgée, _f._ swallow. gorger, _v._ to gorge. gorille, _m._ gorilla. gosse, _m., f._ small child, "kldquo;kid" (familiar). goudronner, _v._ to tar. gouffre, _m._ gulf, abyss. goule, _f._ ghoul. gourdin, _m._ cudgel, club. gousset, _m._ gusset, watch-pocket (in trousers), waist-coat pocket. goût, _m._ taste. goûter, _v._ to taste, relish. goutte, _f._ drop, gout. gouttelette, _f._ little drop. goutteux, -euse, _adj._ gouty. gouttière, _f._ gutter. gouvernail, _m._ rudder, helm. gouvernante, _f._ governess. gouverner, _v._ to govern. grâce, _f._ grace, charm, favor, pardon, mercy; -- à, thanks to. gracieux, -euse, _adj._ gracious, graceful. grade, _m._ grade, rank. grain, _m._ grain, squall. graine, _f._ seed, germ. graisse, _f._ grease, fat. grammaire, _f._ grammar. grand, -e, _adj. and s._ great, grand, tall, large, big, chief, full, wide (open), open (air), long (step), high (wind, officer, etc.); au -- trot, at a fast trot; grande toilette, full evening dress; grand'peine, great difficulty; grand'chose, much. grandement, _adv._ greatly, highly. grandeur, _f._ greatness, height, size, grandeur. grandiose, _adj._ grand, majestic. grandir, _v._ to grow tall, grow up, grow, make tall or great, enlarge, increase. grand'mère, _f._ grandmother. grand-père, _m._ grandfather. grange, _f._ barn. granit, _m._ granite. granitique, _adj._ granite. Grapasi, proper name suggesting grappiller, to pilfer. grappe, _f._ cluster, bunch. gras, -se, _adj. and s._ fat, greasy, rich, luxuriant, thick or guttural (speech). grassouillet, -te, _adj._ plump. gratification, _f._ gratuity, reward. gratter, _v._ to scratch, scrape. grave, _adj._ grave. gravement, _adv._ gravely. gravir, _v._ to climb, clamber up, ascend. gravité, _f._ gravity, seriousness. gré, _m._ will, pleasure, liking. grec, grecque, _adj. and s._ Greek (written Grec when _s._). Grèce, _f._ Greece. Grédel, Margery, Maggie (German, _cf. Grete_ for _Margarete_). gredin, _m._ rascal, scoundrel. greffier, _m._ clerk (of the court). grêle, _adj._ slender, shrill. grelotter, _v._ to shiver. grenade, _f._ pomegranate, grenade. grenadier, _m._ grenadier. grenier, _m._ loft, garret, attic. grenouille, _f._ frog (_ou_ and _i_ should both be pronounced distinctly, _ou_ is not a semi-vowel as in louis). grès, _m._ sandstone. grésil, _m._ sleet. grésiller, _v._ to shrivel, shrink, crackle, tingle. grève, _f._ strand, beach, strike grièvement, _adv._ grievously, gravely, seriously. griffe, _f._ claw. gril, _m._ grid-iron. griller, _v._ to broil, roast. grimace, _f._ grimace, grin, wry or forbidding face; faire la --, to make a (wry) face. grimacer, _v._ to make wry faces, grin. grimper, _v._ to climb. grincement, _m._ gnashing, grinding. grincer, _v._ to grind, gnash, grate. grippe, _f._ whim, caprice; prendre en --, to take a dislike to. grippe-sou, _m. and adj._ skin-flint, miser, stingy. gris, -e, _adj. and s._ gray, tipsy; en voir de grises, to have a hot time. grisâtre, _adj._ grayish. griser, _v._ to make tipsy, intoxicate; se --, get drunk. grisette, _f._ grisette (coquettish working girl or shop-girl). grive, _f._ thrush. grogner, _v._ to grumble, grunt, growl. gronder, _v._ to scold, rumble, roar. groom, _m._ groom. gros, grosse, _adj. and s._ big, thick, stout, heavy, rough, coarse, fat man, bulk, mass, main body; en --, wholesale, in a general way; -- temps, stormy weather; -- mot, coarse word; le coeur --, sick at heart. grossier, -ère, _adj._ coarse, gross, rude, rough, low. grossièreté, _f._ coarseness, rudeness, vulgar remark. grossir, _v_ to enlarge, swell, magnify, grow, increase. grotesque, _adj._ grotesque. grotte, _f._ grotto. grouiller, _v._ to swarm, crawl. groupe, _m._ group. grouper, _v._ to group. Guérande, small town in the department of Loire-Inférieure. guère, _adv._ scarcely; ne ... -- , scarcely. guerre, _f._ war. guerrier, -ère, _adj. and s._ of war, warlike, warrior. guet, _m._ watch; faire le --, to be on the lookout. guetter, _v._ to watch, watch for. gueule, _f._ mouth (of animals), jaws, chops. gueusard, _m._ rascal. gueux, -euse, _adj. and s._ beggarly, poor, beggar, scoundrel. guide, _m._ guide. guider, _v._ to guide, steer. guigne, _f._ white-heart cherry. guignon, _m._ bad luck. Guillaume, William. Guillemet, Willie (a child's name, diminutive of Guillaume). guinder, _v._ to hoist, strain; guindé, -e, stiff, unnatural. guirlande, _f._ garland, wreath. guise, _f._ manner, way; en -- de, as a. Gulistan, _m._ Garden of Roses (name of a moralizing poem by Sadi, a Persian poet of the 13th century). guttural, -e, _adj._ guttural. guzla, _f._ guzla (Croatian violin with one string). gymnastique, _adj._ gymnastic; pas --, double-quick, run, trot.

H

('h=aspirate h)

habile, _adj._ clever, skilful. habilement, _adv._ cleverly, skilfully. habiller, _v._ to dress. habit, _m._ coat, dress-coat; _pl._ clothes. habitant, _m._ inhabitant. habitation, _f._ habitation, dwelling, house. habiter, _v._ to live in, dwell. habitude, _f._ habit; d'--, usual, usually. habitué, _m._ frequenter, regular customer. habituel, -le, _adj._ habitual. habituellement, _adv._ habitually. habituer, _v._ to accustom. 'hache, _f._ ax. 'hagard, -e, _adj._ haggard. 'haïck, _m._ haïk (piece of cloth used as an outer garment by the Arabs). 'haillon, _m._ rag, tatter. 'haine, _f._ hatred, hate. 'hair, _v._ to hate. haleine, _f._ breath. 'haleter, _v._ to pant. 'haleur, _m._ hallier (person who draws a boat upon entering a port, etc.). 'halle, _f._ market; les Halles, the large Central Market in Paris. hallucination, _f._ hallucination. 'halte, _f._ halt; faire --, to halt. 'hameau, _m._ hamlet. 'hanche, _f._ hip. 'hanter, _v._ to haunt. 'happer, _v._ to snatch (with the mouth). 'harasser, _v._ to harass, jade, tire out. 'hardes, _f. pl._ clothes. 'hardi, -e, _adj._ bold. 'hardiesse, _f._ boldness. 'hardiment, _adv._ boldly. harmonie, _f._ harmony. harmonier, _v._ to harmonize (obsolescent, more usually: harmoniser). 'harpe, _f._ harp. 'harpiste, _m., f._ harpist. 'hasard, _m._ hazard, chance, fortune, risk, danger; au --, at random. 'hasarder, _v._ to risk; se --, risk oneself, dare; -- un oeil, risk exposing an eye. Hassan, grandson of Mohammed and a favorite Mohammedan name, also a mosque in Cairo containing Hassan's relics. 'hâte, _f._ haste, hurry; à la --, in haste. 'hâter, _v._ to hasten, hurry; se --, hasten, hurry. 'hausse, _f._ rise. 'hausser, _v._ to lift, shrug. 'haut, -e, _adj., adv. and m._ high, tall, loud, important, aloud, loudly, raised, top; en --, upstairs, above, in the upper part; en -- de, on (at the) top of; là- --, up there; tout --, aloud; la haute, society people (slang); -- de cinquante pieds, fifty feet high; le -- poisson, fine or highly esteemed fish. 'hauteur, _f._ height; à la -- de, at the height of, opposite, even with. 'hâve, _adj._ wan, emaciated. 'havre, _m._ haven, harbor. 'Havre (le), city and important port at the mouth of the Seine. 'hé, _interj._ ho!, oh!, hello! 'Heidelberg, city with a noted university and castle on the Neckar, in Baden. 'hein, _interj._ hey, what? 'Heinrich, Henry (German). hélas, _interj._ alas! (_s_ pronounced). 'héler, _v._ to hail, call. hélice, _f._ screw, propeller. hémorragie, _f._ hemorrhage. Henri IV, Henry IV, the popular French King, reigned: 1589-1610. herbe, _f._ grass, herb. hercule, _m._ Hercules, strong man. herculéen, -enne, _adj._ Herculean (_en_ pronounced as in _bien_). héréditaire, _adj._ hereditary. 'hérisser, _v._ to bristle, make stand up, erect; hérissé, -e, _adj._ bristling. héritage, _m._ heritage, patrimony. hériter, _v._ to inherit. héritier, -ère, _m., f._ heir, heiress. héroïque, _adj._ heroic. 'héron, _m._ heron. 'héros, _m._ hero. 'herse, _f._ harrow. hésitation, _f._ hesitation. hésiter, _v._ to hesitate. hétairiste, _m._ hetoerist, member of the hetoeria (Greek secret league at the time of the war for Greek independence). 'hêtre, _m._ beech-tree. heure, _f._ hour, o'clock, time; de bonne --, early; tout à l'--, in a little while, in a moment, just now, a moment ago; à cette --, now (colloquial). heureusement, _adv._ happily, fortunately. heureux, -euse, _adj. and s._ happy, fortunate, happy person. 'heurter, _v._ to strike against, knock. 'hideusement, _adv._ hideously. 'hideux, -euse, _adj._ hideous. hier, _adv._ yesterday; arriver d'--, to arrive yesterday. 'hiérarchie, _f._ hierarchy. hiéroglyphe, _m. and adj._ hieroglyph, hieroglyphic. 'hilfe, _f._ help (German). hippogriffe, _m._ hippogriff (half horse, half griffin, a fabulous steed of the romances of chivalry). hippopotame, _m._ hippopotamus. hirondelle, _f._ swallow. histoire, _f._ history, story; -- de rire, just to laugh (slang). historique, _adj._ historical, historic. hiver, _m._ winter. 'hocher, _v._ to shake. 'hochet, _m._ rattle. 'homard, _m._ lobster. hommage, _m._ homage, respects; -- et souvenir de l'auteur, with the kind regards and remembrances of the author. homme, _m._ man; familiarly: husband. 'Honeck (le), _m._ the Hohneck (one of the Vosges mountains west of Colmar). Honfleur, village at the mouth of the Seine, opposite le Havre. honnête, _adj._ honest, honorable, decent, respectable. honneur, _m._ honor; faire -- à, to honor. honorable, _adj._ honorable. 'honte, _f._ shame; avoir --, to be ashamed; fausse --, bashfulness. 'honteux, -euse, _adj._ ashamed, shameful, bashful. hôpital, _m._ hospital (usually for the poor). 'hoquet, _m._ hiccough. horizon, _m._ horizon. horloge, _f._ clock. honnis, _prep._ except, save. horreur, _f._ horror; quelle --, how horrible; avoir -- de, to abhor. horrible, _adj._ horrible. horriblement, _adv._ horribly. 'hors (de), _prep._ out of; -- de lui, beside himself; -- de combat, disabled; les yeux -- de la tête, the eyes popping out of the head. hostie, _f._ consecrated wafer, host. hostilité, _f._ hostility. hôte, _m._ host, guest; hôtesse, f. hostess. hôtel, _m._ hotel, mansion, large private house. 'houri, _f._ houri (woman of the Mohammedan paradise). 'hourra, _m._ hurrah, cheer. 'huche, _f._ trough, bin. huile, _f._ oil. huiler, _v._ to oil. huis, _m._ door (now little used). 'huit, _card._ eight; -- jours, a week. huitre, _f._ oyster. humain, -e, _adj._ human. humanité, _f._ humanity. humble, _adj._ humble. humblement, _adv._ humbly. humeur, _f._ disposition, ill humor, humor. humide, _adj._ humid, damp, moist. 'huppe, _f._ topknot, tuft. 'hurlement, _m._ howl, howling, shriek, roar. 'hurler, _v._ to howl. 'hurrah, _interj. and m._ hurrah!, cheer. 'hussard, _m._ hussar (light cavalryman). hygiénique, _adj._ hygienic. hypocrite, _adj. and s._ hypocritical, hypocrite. hystérique, _adj._ hysterical.

I