Chapter 25

c' (ç'), _see_ ce. ça, _see_ cela. çà, _adv. and interj._ here, now!, come now!; -- et là, here and there. caban, _m._ overcoat or cloak with hood. cabaret, _m._ tavern, bar. cabaretier -ère, _m., f._ tavern-keeper, tavern-keeper's wife. cabestan, _m._ capstan. cabinet, _m._ office, study, closet, cabinet, small room. câble, _m._ cable. cacher, _v._ to conceal, bide. cachet, _m._ seal. cacheter, _v._ to seal. cachette, _f._ hiding-place; en --, on the sly. cachot, _m._ dungeon. cadavre, _m._ corpse, dead body. cadeau, _m._ present. cadet -te, _adj. and s._ younger, youngest, junior, younger brother or sister. cadran, _m._ dial, face of a clock. cadre, _m._ frame. café, _m._ coffee, café. caftan, _m._ caftan (Turkish for coat). cage, _f._ cage. cahier, _m._ copy-book, exercise-book. caillot, _m._ clot. caillou, _m._ pebble. Cailloux (rue des), this street is in Clichy rather than in Levallois-Perret. Caire (le), Cairo (capital of Egypt). caisse, _f._ case, chest, box, till, cashier's office; garçon de --, runner, collector, bank clerk. caisson/, _m._ caisson, limber, ammunition-wagon. calcul, _m._ calculation (final _l_ pronounced). calculer, _v._ to calculate. cale, _f._ wedge, prop, block, bold. calèche, _f._ open carriage, barouche; -- de voyage, traveling barouche. calife, _m._ caliph (Mohammedan ruler). calme, _adj. and m._ calm, quiet, calmness, tranquillity; du --, be calm. calmer, _v._ to calm, quiet; se --, become calm, quiet down. calvaire, _m._ calvary, crucifix placed on a mound. camarade, _m., f._ comrade. Cambremer, name derived from cambrer and mer. cambrer, _v._ to curve, bend. camée, _m._ cameo. camion, _m._ dray, truck. camomille, _f._ camomile (plant). camp, _m._ camp. campagnard -e, _adj._ and s. country, rustic, countryman. campagne, _f._ country, campaign; mis en --, set to work. canaille, _f._ rabble, riffraff. canard, _m._ duck. canette, _f._ beer-bottle, jug. Cannes, town and winter-resort on the French Riviera. canon, _m._ cannon, gun-barrel. canonnier, _m._ cannonier, gunner. canot, _m._ small boat, ship's boat. canotage, _m._ boating. canton, _m._ canton (subdivision of an arrondissement). cantonnement, _m._ cantonment, temporary quarters. capable, _adj._ capable. capitaine, _m._ captain. capital, -e, _adj. and m._ capital, chief; capitale, _f._ capital (city). capituler, _v._ to capitulate, surrender by treaty. caporal, _m._ corporal. capote, _f._ large cloak with hood, soldier's overcoat. caprice, _m._ caprice, whim. capsule, _f._ capsule, percussion cap. captif -ive, _adj. and s._ captive. captiver, _v._ to captivate. capturer, _v._ to capture. capuchon, _m._ cowl. car, _conj._ for. carabine, _f._ carbine, rifle. caractère, _m._ character, disposition. caravane, _f._ caravan. caresse, _f._ caress. caresser, _v._ to caress. carnage, _m._ carnage, slaughter. carnassier -ère, _adj. and s._ carnivorous, carnivorous animal. Carnouf, name of a promontory near le Croisic, mentioned by Balzac. caroubier, _m._ carob-tree (resembling the locust). carré, -e, _adj._ and m. square. carreau, _m._ flooring-tile, floor, pane (of glass), square cushion, hassock. carrière, _f._ career. carrosse, _m._ coach. carte, _f._ card, map. cartel, _m._ challenge, case of a wall-clock, wall-clock. cartouche, _f._ cartridge. cas, _m._ case, event; si peu de --, so little importance. cascade, _f._ cascade, waterfall. case, _f._ cabin, but, compartment (in which the hall falls in roulette, etc.), pigeon-hole. casemate, _f._ casemate. caserne, _f._ barracks. casque, _m._ helmet. casqué, -e, _adj._ helmeted. casquette, _f._ cap. cassation, _f._ annulment, repeal, appeal (of a court). casser, _v._ to break, split, crack, break down. cataplasme, _m._ cataplasm, poultice. catapulte, _f._ catapult. Catarinet, Kitty (diminutive of Catarine). catéchisme, _m._ catechism. cathédrale, _f._ cathedral. catholique, _adj. and s._ Catholic. cauchemar, _m._ nightmare. cause, _f._ cause, reason; à -- de, because of; être -- que, to cause. causer, _v._ to cause, produce, chat; assez causé, enough talk. causerie, _f._ chat, chatting. causette, _f._ chat, chatting; faire la --, to chat. caustique, _adj._ caustic, biting. cavalier, _m._ rider, horseman, cavalier, partner. cave, _f._ cellar. caveau, _m._ vault, small cellar, grave. ce, _dem. pr._ this, that, it; -- qui, -- que, which, what; -- disant, saying this. ce, cette (ces, pl.), _dem. adj. pr._ this, that; cette nuit, last night, to-night. Céard (Henry), French novelist, critic and playwright (1851--). ceci, _dem. pr._ this, this thing. céder, _v._ to cede, yield. cédrat, _m._ cedrate (kind of lemon). cèdre, _m._ cedar. ceinture, _f._ belt, waist. ceinturon, _m._ sword-belt. cela, _dem. pr._ that, that thing, that fellow or he (familiar in last sense); avec --, with that, besides; abbreviated: Ça. célèbre, _adj._ celebrated. célébrer, _v._ to celebrate, extol. céleste, _adj._ celestial, heavenly. Célestin, Celestine. celle, _see_ celui. cellier, _m._ cellar, store-room, basement. celui, celle (ceux, celles, _pl._); _dem. pr._ this, that, This one, etc.; ---ci, ---là, the latter, the former, this one, that one; -- qui, he who, etc. cendre, _f._ ashes, cinders. cendré, -e, _adj._ ash-colored. cent, _card._ one hundred; pour --, percent. centaine, _f._ about one hundred, hundred. centième, _ord._ hundredth. centime, _m._ centime (fifth of a cent). central, -e, _adj._ central, chief, of the central office. centre, _m._ center. cep, _m._ vine-stock, stalk (_p_ pronounced). cependant, _adv. and conj._ however, yet, meantime. cercle, _m._ circle, club. cercueil, _m._ coffin, casket. cérémonie, _f._ ceremony. cérémonieusement, _adv._ ceremoniously. cerf, _m._ stag, deer (_f_ pronounced). cerise, _f._ cherry. cerner, _v._ to surround, invest. certain, -e, _adj._ certain. certainement, _adv._ certainly. certes, _adv._ certainly. certitude, _f._ certainty, assurance. céruse, _f._ white-lead. cerveau, _m._ brain. cervelle, _f._ brains, brain, head; se brûler la --, to blow one's brains out. cervier, _see_ loup. César (Jules), Julius Caesar. the celebrated Roman general (101-44 B.C.). cesse, _f._ ceasing, cessation. cesser, _v._ to cease, stop. ceux, _see_ celui. chacun, -e, _pr._ each, each one. chagrin, _m._ grief, vexation, shagreen (leather). chaîne, _f._ chain, drag-chain (on bottom of a stream); mettre à la --, to put in chains. chair, _f._ flesh, meat; _pl._ flesh. chaire, _f._ pulpit, teacher's chair. chaise, _f._ chair; -- longue, reclining-chair, chaise-longue; -- à porteurs, sedan-chair; -- de poste, post-chaise; -- de campagne, camp-chair. châle, _m._ shawl. chaleur, _f._ heat, warmth. chalut, _m._ drag-net. chalutier, _m._ trawler (fishing-boat with drag-net). chamailler, _v._ to squabble; se --, squabble, wrangle. chamarrer, _v._ to trim with lace, cover with gold or silver lace or braid, braid, bedeck. chambellan, _m._ chamberlain (officer presiding over a prince's chamber). chambre, _f._ chamber, room; la Chambre, the Chamber of Deputies. chameau, _m._ camel. champ, _m._ field. Champagne, _f._ Champagne (Province). champagne, _m._ champagne. champêtre, _adj._ rural; garde --, forester, keeper. Champignet, name apparently coined by de Maupassant; perhaps he had in mind Champigny, a village east of Paris, scene of a battle in the war of 1870-1871. chance, _f._ chance, luck. chanceler, _v._ to totter, stagger, reel. chanceux, -euse, _adj._ precarious, lucky. Chandeleur, _f._ Candlemas-day (Feb. 2). chandelier, _m._ candlestick. chandelle, _f._ tallow candie. change, _m._ exchange; donner le -- à, to put on the wrong track, change. changement, _m._ change. changer, _v._ to change; changeant, -e, changing, changeable. chanson, _f._ song. chanter, _v._ to sing, sing of, crow. chanvre, _m._ hemp. chapeau, _m._ hat. chapiteau, _m._ capital (of a column). chaque, _adj._ each. charabia, _m._ gibberish. charbon, _m._ coal. charbonnier, -ère, _m., f._ charcoal-burner, charcoal-burner's wife, coal-man, coal-mine, colliery (J. in last sense). charcutier, _m._ pork-butcher. charge, _f._ charge, load, burden. charger, _v._ to charge, load, fin, commission; se --, take charge, take upon oneself; chargé, -e, loaded, laden, full. chariot, _m._ wagon. charitable, _adj._ charitable. charité, _f._ charity. charlatan, _m._ charlatan, quack. Charles, Charles. charme, _m._ charm, delight. charmer, _v._ to charm; charmant, -e, adj. charming. charnière, _f._ hinge. charrette, _f._ cart; -- à bras, push-cart. charrue, _f._ plow. chasse, _f._ hunt, hunting, chase. chasse-mouche, _m._ fly-fan, fly-flap (now usually written chasse-mouches). chasser, _v._ to chase, drive, drive away, hunt. chasseur, _m._ hunter, light infantryman, light cavalryman. chaste, _adj._ chaste. chat, _m._ cat; chats à fouetter, fish to fry. château, _m._ castle. chat-huant, _m._ screech-owl (aspirate _h_). châtiment, _m._ punishment. chatouillement, _m._ tickling. chaud, -e, _adj. and s._ warm, hot, heat. chauffage, _m._ heating, fuel; bois de --, firewood. chauffer, _v._ to warm. chausser, _v._ to put on shoes or stockings; chaussé, -e, shod. chausson, _m._ felt shoe; -- de lisière, list-shoe, plaited cloth shoes manufactured in prisons. chaussure, _f._ shoe, shoes (in general sense). chauve, _adj._ bald. chauve-souris, _f._ bat. chaux, _f._ lime; blanchir à la --, to whitewash. chef, _m._ chief, leader, director; commander en --, to have the chief command. chemin, _m._ way, road; -- de fer, railway. cheminée, _f._ chimney, fireplace, mantel, funnel. cheminer, _v._ to go on one's way, proceed, walk. chemise, _f._ shirt, chemise. chêne, _m._ oak; -- vert, live oak. chenille _f._ caterpillar. cher, -ère, _adj., adv. and s._ dear, dearly. chèrement, _adv._ dearly, at a high price. chercher, _v._ to search, seek, look for, try; -- des yeux, look for. chéri, -e, _adj. and s._ beloved, darling. chérubin, _m._ cherubin, cherub. chétif, -ive, _adj._ thin, puny, sickly. cheval, m. horse, horsemeat; à --, on horseback; à -- sur, astride. chevaucher, _v._ to ride (on horseback). chevelure, _f._ head of hair, hair. Cheverino (or Chévardino), a Russian hillock west of Moscow. cheveu, _m._ hair; pl. hair; armé jusqu'aux cheveux, armed to the teeth. cheville, _f._ peg, ankle. chèvre, _f._ goat. chez, _prep._ at or to the house or home of, with, in, in the room of, etc. chiaoux, _m._ chiaous or chouse (Turkish attendant or interpreter). chic, _adj. and m._ stylish, smart, style. chien, -ne, _m., f._ dog. chiffon, _m._ rag, piece. chiffre, _m._ figure. Chio, _f._ Chias (island in the Aegean Sea; pronounced: _kio_). chipoter, _v._ to trille or toy with. chirurgical, -e, _adj._ surgical. chirurgien, _m._ surgeon. choc, _m._ shock (final _c_ pronounced). chocolat, _m._ chocolate. choeur, _m._ choir, chorus (_ch_ pronounced as _k_). choisir, _v._ to choose; choisi, -e, carefully chosen, choice. choix, _m._ choice. chope, _f._ beer-glass. chopine, _f._ chopin (about one pint), glass. chose, _f._ thing; autre --, something else, else; peu de --, of little importance, a small matter; devenir tout --, to become like I don't know what; _m._ (familiar), I don't know what, what's his. choquer, _v._ to shock (name), etc. chou, _m._ cabbage. choucroute, _f._ sauer-kraut. chouette, _f._ kind of screech-owl, chough. chrétien, -ne, _adj. and s._ Christian (in this and in the next word _ien_ is pronounced as in _bien_). chrétienté, _f._ Christendom. christ, _m._ crucifix (pronounced: _krist_). Christina, Christine. chromo, _m._ chromo (colored lithographic reproduction). chronique, _f._ chronicle. chuchotement, _m._ whispering, whisper. chuchoter, _v._ to whisper. chut, _interj._ hush! (_t_ pronounced). Chypre, _f._ Cyprus (English island in eastern Mediterranean). ci, _adv._ here (frequent as suffix; celui- --, etc.); ---devant, formerly; une -- et une ça, hussy, etc. ciboire, _m._ ciborium, pyx (vase for the host); saint- --, holy pyx. cicatrice, _f._ scar. cidre, _m._ cider. ciel, _m._ sky, heaven. cierge, _f._ taper. cigale, _f._ grassshopper. cime, _f._ summit, top. cimetière, _m._ cemetery. cingler, _v._ to sail. cinq, _card._ five (_q_ pronounced). cinquantaine, _f._ about fifty, age of fifty. cinquante, _card._ fifty. cinquième, _ord._ fifth. circonstance, _f._ circumstance. circonvolution, _f._ circumvolution, coil. circuit, _m._ circuit. cirer, _v._ to wax, polish. citadin, -e, _m., f._ citizen, townsman (also used adjectively). cité, _f._ oldest part of a city, city. citer, _v._ to cite. citoyen, -ne, _m., f. and adj._ citizen. citronnier, _m._ lemon-tree. civette, _f._ civet (animal and perfume obtained from it). civilisation, _f._ civilization. clair, -e, _adj._ clear; light-colored, bright; -- de lune, moonlight. clairement, _adv._ clearly. claire-voie, _f._ lattice, lattice gate; à --, with open sides (of a cart). Clairon, Clarinda, Clarissa (diminutive of Claire, Clara). clairvoyant, -e, _adj._ clear-sighted, discerning. clameur, _f._ clamor, uproar, outcry. clan, _m._ clan, tribe. clandestin, -e, _adj._ clandestine, secret. clapoter, _v._ to splash, ripple. claque, _m._ opera hat, chapeau (folding hat pointed in front and behind used in U. S. army and by French officials, etc.). Claretie (Jules), French novelist, dramatist and critic, director of the Théâtre Français (1840-1914). clarinette, _f._ clarinet, clarinettist. clarté, _f._ light, splendor, brilliancy, glow. classe, _f._ class, school. classique, _adj._ classic, typical. clef, _f._ key; fermer à --, to lock; reprendre la -- des champs, escape again (pronounced: _clé_). cligner, _v._ to wink; -- de l'oeil, wink. cliquetis, _m._ clashing, jingling, clanking, rattling, tinkling. cloche, _f._ bell (usually large). clocher, _m._ belfry, steeple. cloison, _f._ partition. cloitre, _m._ cloister. clopin-clopant, _adv._ limpingly, hobbling. clore, _v._ to close (defective and little used); la nuit close, nightfall. clou, _m._ nail, boil. clouer, _v._ to nail, fix. club, _m._ club. coasser, _v._ to croak. cocasse, _adj._ funny, odd. cocher, _m._ coach man. cochon, _m._ pig, hog. code, _m._ code. coeur, _m._ heart, center; de bon --, heartily, cheerfully; faire mal au --, to make sick at the stomach; faire le joli --, to court; si le -- vous en dit, if you feel inclined; -- de chêne, solid oak. coffre, _m._ chest, coffer, box (slang for chest of the body). cognac, _m._ cognac (brandy manufactured in the town of this name, department of Charente). cognée, _f._ ax, hatchet (for felling); jeter le manche après la --, to throw the helve after the hatchet, give up everything. cohue, _f._ throng, crowd, mob. coiffer, _v._ to put on the head, dress the hair; oiffé, -e, (de), wearing on the head. coiffure, _f._ head-dress, arrangement of the hair. coin, _m._ corner; -- du feu, fireside. coke, _m._ coke (coal after extraction of the gas). col, _m._ neck, collar (in the sense of neck, col is old, cou is now used). colère, _f._ anger (also in _pl._). collation, _f._ collation, light luncheon. collection, _f._ collection. collègue, _m._ colleague. coller, _v._ to stick, glue, stick or fasten on or together, paste, apply, fit tight, hold fast. collerette, _f._ small collar, dutch collar. collet, _m._ collar. collier, _m._ necklace, collar. Colmar, small city in Alsace. colombe, _f._ dove. colonel, _m._ colonel. colonne, _f._ column, row of numbers in roulette. colorer, _v._ to color; se --, became colored. colosse, _m._ colossus. combat, _m._ combat, fight. combattre, _v._ to combat, fight. Combe-aux-Fées, imaginary town (= Valley of the Fairies). combien, _adv._ how much, how many, how. combinaison, _f._ combination. comble, _m._ top; de fond en --, from top to bottom. comboloio, _m._ Turkish chaplet with 100 beads corresponding to the 100 names of the Divinity. comediante, _m._ comedian (Italian). comédie, _f._ comedy (sometimes used for theater). comice, _m. pl._ comitia; -- agricoles, assembly for the promotion of agriculture. comique, _adj._ comic. commandant, _m._ commandant, commander; --major, _m._ commandant (with rank of major, applied to military governor of a fortified town). commandement, _m._ command. commander, _v._ to command, be in command, order, give orders. comme, _adv. and conj._ as, so, like, how, as if, as it were. commencement, _m._ beginning. commencer, _v._ to commence, begin. comment, _adv. and interj._ how, what!, how is that?, what do you mean?, how is it that?; -- s'appelle (se nomme)-t-il, what is bis name? commentateur, _m._ commentator. commerce, _m._ commerce, business, trade; -- amoureux, love affair. commère, _f._ godmother, gossip, talkative old woman. commettre, _v._ to commit. commis, _m._ clerk. commissaire, _m._ commissary (superior officer of French police), commissioner. commissariat, _m._ office of the commissary. commission, _f._ commission, committee, errand. commode, _adj._ convenient, comfortable; _f._ chest of drawers. commodément, _adv._ comfortably. commun, -e, _adj._ common; lui être -- avec, to be shared by him and. communier, _v._ to receive the sacrament. communiquer, _v._ to communicate, make known, give, tell. compacte, _adj._ compact, solid. compagnie, _f._ company, corporation, breeding. compagnon, _m._ companion; bon --, good companion, good fellow. comparaison, _f._ comparison. comparer, _v._ to compare; comparé, -e, compared, comparative. compas, _m._ pair of compasses. compassion, _f._ compassion. compatissant, -e, _adj._ compassionate. compétence, _f._ competence, department; quelque chose de ma --, something I know about. complaire, _v._ to please; complaisant, -e, adj. obliging. complet, -ète, _adj. and m._ complete, suit of clothes. complètement, _adv._ completely. compléter, _v._ to complete. complice, _m., f._ accomplice. compliment, _m._ compliment; je vous fais mon --, I compliment you. compliquer, _v._ to complicate. composer, _v._ to compose; se --, be composed. composition, _f._ composition. comprendre, _v._ to understand; (y) compris, including. compromettre, _v._ to compromise. compte, _m._ count, account, reckoning, regard; se rendre -- de, to realize; se rendre bien --, to be quite aware (in this and in the next three words _p_ is not pronounced). compter, _v._ to count, include, count on, intend; comptant, in cash. compteur, _m._ register, meter. comptoir, _m._ counter, bar, bank (usually for foreign business); Comptoir général de crédit, International Bank. comte, _m._ count. comtesse, _f._ countess. conception, _f._ conception. concert, _m._ concert. concerto, _m._ concerto (piece of music composed for one instrument with accompaniment; Italian,-concert). concevoir, _v._ to conceive. concierge, _m., f._ concierge, door-keeper, porter, janitor. conclure, _v._ to conclude, draw conclusions; concluant, -e, conclusive. concours, _m._ concourse, assembly, competition, fair. condamner, _v._ to condemn (_m_ not pronounced): condition, _f._ condition, position. conducteur, _m._ conductor, driver. conduire, _v._ to conduct, drive, lead, take, behave. conduit, _m._ conduit, passage, pipe. conduite, _f._ conduct. cône, _m._ cone. confection, _f._ making, ready-made suit. confesser, _v._ to confess; aller se --, go to confession or to confess. confession, _f._ confession. confessionnal, _m._ confessional confiance, _f._ confidence. confidence, _f._ confidential remark, secret. confier, _v._ to confide. confire, _v._ to preserve. confirmer, _v._ to confirm. confiture, _f._ preserves, sweet-meats. confondre, _v._ to confound, confuse, blend; se --, be confounded, be confused, blend. conformément, _adv._ conformably, suitably. confronter, _v._ to confront. confus, -e, _adj._ confused. confusion, _f._ confusion. congé, _m._ leave. congédier, _v._ to dismiss. conjurer, _v._ to conjure, pray urgently. connaissance, _f._ acquaintance, consciousness, knowledge. connaisseur, _m._ connoisseur, good judge. connaître, _v._ to be acquainted with, know; se -- à, know about. conquérir, _v._ to conquer, gain, win. conquête, _f._ conquest. consacrer, _v._ to consecrate. conscience, _f._ conscience; se faire -- de, to have scruples about, shrink from; prouverla -- de, prove that one realizes that. consciencieusement, _adv._ conscientiously. conscrit, _m._ conscript, recruit. conseil, _m._ counsel, council, piece of advice; _pl._ advice; Conseil général, General Assembly of a Department. conseiller, _v._ to advise. conseiller, _m._ counselor, councilor, judge of an appellate court. consentement, _m._ consent. consentir, _v._ to consent, agree. conséquence, _f._ consequence; en --, in consequence, accordingly. conséquent (with par), consequently, therefore. conserve, _f._ conserve, preserve. conserver, _v._ to preserve. considérable, _adj._ considerable, important; si peu --, so slight. considérablement, _adv._ considerably. considération, _f._ consideration, esteem. considérer, _v._ to consider, look at. consigne, _f._ watch-word, orders; forcer la -- (also in _pl._), to break the orders, enter against orders. consigner, _v._ to consign, refuse; -- la porte, refuse admittance. consister, _v._ to consist. consolation, _f._ consolation. consoler, _v._ to console; se --, be consoled. consommateur, _m._ consumer, patron (of a restaurant, etc.). consommer, _v._ to consume, use. conspirer, _v._ to conspire. constamment, _adv._ constantly. constant, -e, _adj._ constant. Constantinople, Constantinople. constatation, _f._ authentication, verification. constater, _v._ to verify, ascertain, settle, discover. constellation, _f._ constellation. consteller, _v._ to constellate, star; constellé, -e, constellated, starred, starry. consternation, _f._ consternation. consterner, _v._ to astound, dismay, strike with consternation; consterné, -e, in consternation, etc. constituer, _v._ to constitute, make up; se --, make oneself, give oneself up. constitution, _f._ constitution. construction, _f._ construction. consulter, _v._ to consult. consumer, _v._ to consume, waste. contact, _m._ contact (_ct_ pronounced). conte, _m._ short story, tale. contempler, _v._ to contemplate, survey, gaze at. contenir, _v._ to contain, restrain. content, -e, _adj._ contented, happy, glad. contentement, _m._ contentment, look of satisfaction. contenter, _v._ to content, satisfy; se --, be contented, content oneself. conter, _v._ to tell, tell of, recount, relate. contester, _v._ to contest. continu, -e, _adj._ continuous. continuel, -le, _adj._ continual. continuellement, _adv._ continually. continuer, _v._ to continue; se --, be continued. contour, _m._ contour, outline, circumference, edge. contourner, _v._ to run around, encircle. contracter, _v._ to contract. contraindre, _v._ to constrain, compel. contraire, _adj. and m._ contrary. contraster, _v._ to contrast. contre, _prep._ against, close by; par --, on the other hand; fâché --, angry with. contre-basse, _f._ counter-base, double-base (large base-viol; this word is now usually written: contrebasse). contredire, _v._ to contradict. contredit, _m._ contradiction. contrée, _f._ country, region. contrevent, _m._ shutter. contribuer, _v._ to contribute, aid. convaincre, _v._ to convince. convenable, _adj._ suitable, proper. convenir, _v._ to suit, agree; -- mieux, be more fitting; j'en conviens, I agree, I grant it. conversation, _f._ conversation. convoi, _m._ convoy, escort. convulsif, -ive, _adj._ convulsive. convulsivement, _adv._ convulsively. copain, _m._ comrade, pal (familiar). copie, _f._ copy. copieux, -euse, _adj._ copious. coq, _m._ cock; Coq-Galine, "Hldquo;Henpeck" (= Hen-Cock). coque, _f._ shell, hull; oeuf à la --, boiled egg. coquelicot, _m._ wild poppy; adjectively: poppy-colored. coquet, -te, _adj._ coquettish, smart. coquetterie, _f._ coquetry. coquillage, _m._ shell, shells, shell-fish. coquille, _f._ shell. coquin, -e, _m., f._ rascal, rogue, scoundrel. cor, _m._ horn; -- de chasse, hunting-horn, French horn. corail, _m._ coral. Coran, _m._ Koran (sacred book of the Mohammedans, drawn up by Mohammed). corbeau, _m._ raven, crow. corde, _f._ line, rope, cord. cordelette, _f._ small cord. cordial, -e, _adj._ cordial. cornet, _m._ cornucopia. cornette, _f._ mob-cap. cornu, -e, _adj._ horned. corps, _m._ body, corps, object; -- à --, hand to hand. corpulence, _f._ corpulence, stoutness. correction, _f._ correction; donner une -- à, to give a lesson to. correspondant, _m._ correspondent. corridor, _m._ corridor. Corse, _f._ Corsica; corse, _adj. and s._ Corsican (written Corse when _s._; Corsica is a French department). cortège, _m._ procession. costume, _m._ costume. costumer, _v._ to costume. côte, _f._ rib, slope, coast; -- à -~, side by side. côté, _m._ side, direction; du -- de, in the direction of; de --, to or on one side, sidewise, side; à --, in the next room, next door; à -- de lui, by his side; d'un autre --, besides; de -- et d'autre, on one side and on the other; de mon --, on my side or part. côteau, _m._ hillock, hill. côtelé, -e, _adj._ ribbed. côtelette, _f._ cutlet, chop. coton, _m._ cotton. côtoyer, _v._ to go by the side of. cou, _m._ neck, throat. couche, _f._ couch, bed, layer, confinement. coucher, _v._ to put to bed, lay out, lay, sleep, set; se --, go to bed, lie down; envoyer se --, send to bed; chambre à --, bedroom; couchant, -e, adj. setting; couché, -e, lying down, in bed, lying, stretched out; _m._ setting, sunset. coude, _m._ elbow; pousser du --, to nudge. coudre, _v._ to sew; cousu d'or, rolling in money. Coulau, proper name borrowed by Daudet from the Provençal (there is a poor kind of fish of this name, coulaud, found in Rouergue). couler, _v._ to flow, run, run down, trickle down. couleur, _f._ color. couloir, _m._ passage. coup, _m._ blow, stroke, shot, gulp, gust, cast, play, beam; tout d'un --, all of a sudden; tout à --, all of a sudden, suddenly; -- sur --, time after time, one after the other; -- d'oeil, glance, sight; -- de sang, shock, apoplectic stroke, fit; -- de couteau, stab; -- d'État, overthrow of the Government; à -- sûr, surely; -- de feu, shot; -- d'éventail, fanning; boire un --, to take a drink; faire un bon --, do a good stroke of business; faire un -- de tête, do something rash. coupable, _adj. and s._ culpable, guilty, culprit. coupe, _f._ cup, bowl, cut, cutting, stroke. coupé, _m._ coupé. couper, _v._ to cut, cut off; coupant, -e, cutting, sharp. couple, _f._ couple (_m._ when objects not alike). coupole, _f._ cupola. coupure, _f._ cut, cutting. cour, _f._ court, yard, court-yard. courage, _m._ courage. couramment, _adv._ fluently. courant, _m._ current; -- d'air, current of air, draught. courbe, _f._ curve. courber, _v._ to curve, bend, bend over. courir, _v._ to run, run along. couronne, _f._ crown, wreath. couronner, _v._ to crown. courroux, _m._ anger. course, _f._ course, race; au pas --, on a run. court, -e, _adj._ short, shallow; le plus -- serait, the shortest or quickest way would be. courtine, _f._ bed-curtain (old word). courtisan, _m._ courtier; courtisame, _f._ prostitute. courtiser, _v._ to court. courtoisie, _f._ courtesy. cousin, -e, _m., f._ cousin. coussin, _m._ cushion. coussinet, _m._ small cushion. couteau, _m._ knife. coûter, _v._ to cost, be costly, be a trouble, be hard; en -- bon, cost something; coûte que coûte, cost what it may; rien ne me coûtait, I did not count the cost. coutil, _m._ ticking, duck (cloth). coutume, _f._ custom; de --, usually, usual. couturière, _f._ seamstress, dress-maker. couvée, _f._ nest of eggs, brood. couvent, _m._ convent, monastery. couver, _v._ to hatch. couvert, _m._ cover; à --, protected, sheltered. couverture, _f._ cover, covering, blanket. couveuse, _f._ sitting hen, brooder. couvrir, _v._ to cover, wrap up. cra-cra, _interj._ scratch, scratch (onomatopoetic). crabe, _m._ crab. cracher, _v._ to spit. craie, _f._ chalk. craindre, _v._ to fear. crainte, _f._ fear, dread. craintif, -ive, _adj._ fearful, timorous, timid. crampe, _f._ cramp. crâne, _m._ skull, cranium. crapule, _f._ debauchery, vile people, rotten gang. craquer, _v._ to crack. crasse, _f._ filth, coat of filth, scum. cravache, _f._ riding-whip, crop. cravate, _f._ cravat. crayon, _m._ pencil. créancier, _m._ creditor. création, _f._ creation. créature, _f._ creature. crédit, _m._ credit. crème, _f._ cream. Crémone, Cremona (city of northern Italy). crénelé, -e, _adj._ embattled, crenelated. crépitement, _m._ crackling. crête, _f._ crest. creuser, _v._ to dig, hollow, hollow out; creusé, -e, hollowed, hollow, excavated. creux, -euse, _adj. and m._ hollow, sunken; en --, in intaglio. crevasse, _f._ crevice, crevasse. crevasser, _v._ to crack, chap. crever, _v._ to burst open, burst, knock or put out, die (vulgar in last sense). cri, _m._ cry, shout, scream. cribler, _v._ to riddle. criée, _f._ auction. crier, _v._ to cry, cry out or for, scream, call, creak. crime, _m._ crime. crise, _f._ crisis, attack. crisper, _v._ to contract, shrivel up, clench, twitch, convulse, make tense, set on edge or irritate (the nerves), thrill. cristal, _m._ crystal, cui glass; -- de roche, rock-crystal. croc, _m._ book, fang; coup de --, ravenous bite (final _c_ not pronounced). crocheteur, _m._ street-porter. crochu, -e, _adj._ hooked, crooked. crocodile, _m._ crocodile. croire, _v._ to believe; faut --!, you'd better believe so, you bet!; à ce que je crois, as I think, in my estimation. croisade, _f._ crusade. croisée, _f._ window, casernent, transept. croiser, _v._ to cross, intersect. Croisic (le), peninsula and village north of the mouth of the Loire (Loire-Inférieure), Croisilles, hero of de Musset's story (also a village in Pas-de-Calais). croitre, _v._ to increase, grow; croissant, -e, _adj. and m._ increasing, growing, crescent, quarter (moon). croix, _f._ cross, reverse (of a coin). croquer, _v._ to crunch. crosse, _f._ butt (of a gun). crosser, _v._ to bat, beat. crottin, _m._ dung (of horses, sheep, etc.). croupe, _f._ crupper, buttocks. croyance, _f._ belief, creed. cruche, _f._ jug, pitcher. cruel, -le, _adj._ cruel. cruellement, _adv._ cruelly. crûment, _adv._ crudely, harshly. Cucugnan, humorous name of an imaginary town. Cucugnanais, _m._ inhabitant of Cucugnan. cueillir, _v._ to gather, pick up. cuir, _m._ leather. cuirasse, _f._ cuirass, breastplate. cuirassier, _m._ cuirassier (cavalryman wearing a cuirass). cuire, _v._ to cook; cuisant, -e, cooking, sweltering. cuisine, _f._ kitchen. cuisinier, -ère, _m., f._ cook. cuisse, _f._ thigh. cuivre, _m._ copper. cuivré, -e, _adj._ copper-colored. cul, _m._ bottom, back, rump (_l_ not pronounced). culbuter, _v._ to send head over heels, throw over, overthrow, overturn, upset. culotte, _f._ breeches. culte, _m._ worship, creed, service. cultiver, _v._ to cultivate, raise, harvest. cupide, _adj._ covetous, greedy. curé, _m._ vicar, parish priest, curé. curieux, -euse, _adj. and s._ curious, curious person. curiosité, _f._ curiosity. cuve, _f._ vat, tub.