Part 11

[84.26] =el plazo=: in Spanish graveyards a space of ground may be taken for a limited time (=plazo=) or in perpetuity, according to the amount of money paid. If the time is limited, the grave is opened at the expiration of the time, and the bones are removed to the "bone pile." The same ground may then be occupied by another body. The poor who can not pay are cast into a common grave, where the bodies remain until the bones can be taken away. Often a score of bodies, sprinkled with quicklime to hasten decay, are buried in the same common grave. Although this custom is decidedly repellant, it must be borne in mind that in old and densely populated countries the available ground-space is limited.

=85.=--[85.1] =No digo que no=, 'I do not say that you did not' (lit., 'I do not say [that] no').

[18] =habrá extrañado=, fut. perf. of conjecture or probability: =lo que acabas de ver y oir= is the subject of =habrá extrañado=.

[85.21] =que deseo conozcas=, 'which I desire you to know.' The _que_ is omitted before =conozcas= to avoid repetition.

[85.25] =por la que=, 'for whom,' or 'for whose sake.'

=86.=--[86.11] =al saber=, 'upon hearing of.'

[86.19] =me había educado=, 'I had been brought up.'

[86.21] =al que=, 'whom,' is the direct object, and =ocupaciones= the subject, of =retenían=.

=87.=--[87.1] =á la que no veía desde niño=, 'whom I had not seen since [I was] a child.'

[87.2] =por más que=: see under _más_, in Vocab. This conjunction takes the subjunctive.

[87.15] =para que no hubiera observado=, 'that I did not observe.'

[87.26] =sin que mi tía lo advirtiese=, 'without my aunt's noticing it.'

[87.27] =acabamos por=, 'we ended by,' or we came finally to.'

[87.30] =acaecida hacía cuatro años=, 'which had occurred four years before.'

=88.=--[88.1] _ello es_, 'the fact is.'

[88.2] =amenazándome con hacerme marchar=, 'threatening to make me go away.'

[88.3] =después de escribírselo todo=, 'after writing all about it.'

[88.13] =mi tía= is subject of =no pudiendo oponerse=: note again that the subject of a participle regularly follows the participle.

[88.21] =se iba apoderando==_iba apoderándose_. See note, page 70, l. 17.

[88.22] =era mi mismo mal el que la devoraba==_el [mal] que la devoraba era mi mismo mal_.

[88.25] =tanto=, 'so often.'

=89.=--[89.7] =iba siendo peor=, 'kept getting worse,' or 'became worse and worse.' See note, page 70, l. 17.

[89.11] =á=, 'in.'

[89.13] =te lo juro=: do not translate =te=. Note _te lo diré_, 'I shall tell you,' etc.

[89.14] =serán de=: see _soy de_, under _ser_, in Vocab.

[89.15] =Eso lo=, 'that.' Note the expletive =lo=, which is used here because =eso= precedes the verb.

[89.16] =de la mujer á quien ames=, 'of any woman that you may love.' The subjunctive indicates that the antecedent of =que= is indefinite.

[89.19] =lo que yo=: see _lo que_, under _que_, in Vocab.

[89.28] =plazo= is the subject of =cumplirse=.

=90.=--[90.2] =la desgracia hizo que=, 'adversity brought it about that.'

[90.3] =enlace= is the subject of =verificarse=.

[90.9] =Temo que no=, 'I fear not.' Cf. _digo que no_, _creo que no_, etc.

[90.10] =su recuerdo===el recuerdo de ella=.

[90.15] =sea=: a verb of _believing_, _saying_, etc., when negative or interrogative, may become a verb of _doubting_ and require the subjunctive.

[90.16] =es=: note the indicative here after =¿crees?= to indicate that this, and not the other, is probably his belief.

[90.20] =me hice conducir=, 'I had myself taken' (lit., 'I made [some one] take me').

=91.=--[91.8] =llegada ya la hora==_habiendo llegado ya la hora_.

[91.10] =sentándonos todos==_y nos sentamos_ (pret.) _todos_.

[91.18] =¿Á qué?= 'what... for.' Note that 'why?' or 'what ... for?' may be expressed by _¿por qué?_, _¿para qué?_, or _¿á qué?_, according to the meaning to be conveyed.

[91.20] =Á=, 'for' (see =¿Á qué?= above). The ringing of the church bell at this time announces that some one is in 'the death struggle' (=agonía=), that is to say, 'is dying.'

=92.=--[92.1] =hermoso=, =florido=: see these words in Vocab.

[92.4] =el calor que... hacía=: see _hace calor_, in Vocab.

[92.11] =Una... así=, 'such a.'

[92.20] =todos nos despedimos=, 'we all took leave of one another,' or 'bade one another good-night.'

[92.25] =Otro==_otro rato_.

[92.27] =en la= [_alcoba_] =de Fernando=.

[92.28] =oí abrir=, 'I heard [some one] open,' or 'I heard... opened.'

=93.=--[93.10] =No debiste nunca volver=, 'you should never have returned.'

[93.13] =querías= has here nearly the force of _quisieras_ ('should you wish me to be married').

[93.15] =En buen hora= is also sometimes written _en buena hora_. In colloquial language the final _a_ of _buena_, _mala_, _una_, etc., may fall before a noun beginning with a vowel.

[93.17] =Una vez sola==_una sola vez_.

[93.18] =permite que me case con=, 'permits me to marry.'

[93.20] =como hace diez años=, 'as [it was] ten years ago.'

[93.21] =me marcho==_me marcharé_. The present tense makes the action less remote and more positive.

[93.24] =sean=, 'be.' The independent subjunctive usually has the force of an imperative.

[93.25] =por haberlo visto por la tarde=: the first por means 'on account of,' or 'from'; the second, 'in.'

[93.31] =clara y distintamente=: see note, page 56, l. 20.

=94.=--[94.12] =Estamos los dos=, 'we are both of us.'

[94.27] =muriese=, subjunctive after a relative with indefinite antecedent.

=95.=--[95.2] =me pareció=, 'I seemed' (lit., 'it seemed to me').

[95.5] =tenía que ser así=, 'it had to be.'

[95.6] =ya voy=, 'I am coming.'

[95.21] =cúmplase la voluntad de Dios=, 'God's will be done.'

[95.30] =alabado sea el Señor=, 'the Lord be praised.'

LAS NOCHES LARGAS DE CÓRDOBA

=Narciso Campillo=, b. 1838 in Seville, d. 1900. Campillo is chiefly known as a poet; his verse is delightful. He is also the author of a few volumes of short stories, which have a light and graceful humor that is peculiarly Andalusian. Works: in verse, _Á Murillo_, _Á los españoles en 1859_, _La playa de Sanlúcar_, _Á Rosa_, _El ángel caído_, _El pescador_, _Nuevas poesías_; in prose, _Una docena de cuentos_, _Cuentos nuevos_.

=96.=--[96.12] =poco después de obscurecido=, 'a little after dark.'

=97.=--[97.5] =Es que=, 'the fact is that.'

[97.8] =para en ella padecer hambre==_para padecer hambre en ella_.--=No ha oído V. hablar=, 'have you not heard (tell).'

[97.10] =sucederá=, fut. of probability.

[97.12] =esto lo saben==_saben esto_.

[97.17] =por mí=, 'for my part,' 'as far as I am concerned.'

[97.19] =en metiéndome=: _en_, with a pres. part., is best translated by 'after.'

[97.21] =pues=, 'since' (in line 17 above, =pues=='well').

[97.25] =tenía destinada= is not quite equivalent to _había destinado_, as =tenía= retains the meaning of 'holding' or 'keeping.' See also =tenía preparado= below.

=98.=--[98.5] =que pase V.=, 'may you pass,' or 'may you have.'--=felices noches= ('pleasant night') is by analogy to =buenas noches=, 'good night'; =buenos días=, 'good day' or 'good morning'; and =buenas tardes=, 'good afternoon' or 'good evening.'

[98.8] =Á los pocos minutos=, 'in a few minutes.'

[98.13] =La de que se trataba debía de gustarle=, 'the one (joke) that they were planning must have pleased him.'

[98.18] =Razón tenía el señor Frutos al ponderar==_el señor Frutos tenía razón_ =al ponderar= ('when he emphasized').

[98.24] =¿qué había de ver?= 'what should he see?; =había de ver= is nearly equivalent to _vería_. See page 99, l. 15, =por qué había de enfermar==(nearly) _por qué enfermaría_.

=99.=--[99.13] =¿Qué manda su merced?= 'what are your orders, sir?' Compare =su merced= (lit., 'your grace') with the weaker _usted_, which is an abbreviated form of _vuestra merced_.

[99.28] =El tuno del criado=: translate =del= by 'of a.'

=100.=--[100.2] =por estar cerrados...=, 'on account of... being closed.' =Corredor= and =habitaciones= are the subjects of =estar=.

[100.7] =era menester=, etc.,=_para escalarlo era menester subirse_.

[100.9] =más bien=, etc.,=_quedó amodorrado más bien que dormido_. See _más bien_, under _bien_, in Vocab.

[100.12] =Será=; =habrá=; =estará=: fut. of probability or conjecture.

[100.23] =llevo=, 'I have passed.'

[100.24] =Si=: note again this exclamatory _si_, 'why' or 'indeed.'

[100.26] =Dióle agua el criado==_el criado le dió agua_.

[100.28] =aguardando á que amanezca=, 'waiting for dawn' (lit., 'waiting that it should dawn').--=todavía debe de tardar un poquillo=, 'there must still be some time [before dawn].'

=101.=--[101.8] =faltan dos horas=, etc.,=_dos horas y media faltan todavía_ =para amanecer= ('before dawn').--=si es que alguna vez amanece=, 'if it ever does dawn.'

[101.12] =será=, fut. of probability.

[101.14] =se oye el=, etc.,=_el [reloj] de la iglesia se oye_.

[101.15] =que está al paso=, 'which I happened to pass' (lit., 'which is on the way').

[101.16] =faltará=, fut. of probability. Note how common this future is in colloquial language, when the speaker is not, or wishes not to appear, positive.

[101.23] =¿Quería V. que la pasaran...?= 'did you expect them to pass it...?'

=102.=--[102.1] =que me llames= and =que me avises= are somewhat more emphatic than _llámame_ and _avísame_.

[102.3] =Descuide su merced==_descuide usted_.

[102.10] =por=, 'on.'

[102.12] =por=, 'to.'

[102.13] =que de tal=, etc.,=_que alcanzaría de tal tráfico_.

[102.22] =de puro aburrido y hambriento=, 'purely from being bored and hungry.'

=103.=--[103.2] =en=, 'by.'

[103.3] =¡Que yo me divierto!= 'amuse myself!' The =que= introduces a repetition of what the first speaker said, as if it were: _¡dices que yo me divierto!_

[103.10] =no tiene cuerda para un trimestre=, 'it can not be wound up to run three months.' See also _cuerda_, in Vocab.

[103.15] =Abre tú=, '_you_ open [it].' Note the subject pronoun used with the imperative, for emphasis.--=lo que haya=, 'what there is.'

[103.16] =¿Qué ha de haber?= 'what can there be?' Note that =ha de haber= is nearly equivalent to _habrá_ used as fut. of probability or conjecture. See origin of Spanish fut. and cond. in the Hills-Ford _Spanish Grammar_, § 71, note 1.

[103.18] =puertas de madera=: note that there is an inner door of wood,--probably a folding door,--and an outer window of glass. Both usually come to the floor and turn on hinges, so that when they are open one may step out onto the balcony. In rooms that do not open onto a balcony the windows do not come to the floor.

[103.27] =que=: this and the following =que= are usually considered expletive, and are therefore not translated; but they may be rendered freely as follows: =¡que es de noche!= 'if it isn't night!'; =¡que si esto sigue!= 'why, if this continues!'

=104.=--[104.5] =y cerrada=, etc.,=_y la despensa está cerrada_.--=en el armario=, etc.,=_la llave suele quedar puesta_ ('is usually left') _en el armario del comedor_.

[104.30] =Mientras llegaba= [_la luz del día_].

[104.31] =si es que=, 'if indeed' (lit., 'if it is that').

=105.=--[105.2] =como de=: see under _como_, in Vocab.

[105.29] =Así=: see _así_+past subj., in Vocab.

=106.=--[106.7] =sea como fuese=, 'whatever it was' (lit., 'let it be as it might be').

[106.15] =aurora=: note the Spanish words for 'dawn': _alba_, 'dawn'; _albor_, 'light of dawn'; _alborada_, 'dawn' or 'light of dawn' (these words come from the Latin adjective _albus_, 'white'); _aurora_, 'rosy light of dawn'; _madrugada_, 'dawn' or 'early morning'; _el amanecer_, 'the dawn' or 'the dawning.'

[106.31] =habría=, cond. of probability or conjecture.

=107.=--[107.13] =¡Pues vaya!=: see under _ir_, in Vocab.

[107.19] =lo que es á=: see under _que_, in Vocab.

[107.23] =Quiere decir=, 'that is to say.'

[107.27] =he mandado traer...=, 'I have had... brought [here]' (lit., 'I have ordered to bring').

[107.29] =á no ser que=: see under _ser_, in Vocab.

=108.=--[108.1] =ocho=, =quince=: see Vocab.

[108.6] =Queso= ('cheese') and =Tieso= ('firm,' 'valiant') are meant for =Creso=: see Vocab. _Frutos_ is a shrewd, practical farmer, but unlettered.

[108.7] =que dicen que=: do not translate the second =que=.

[108.10] =ó fuera de=, 'or out of.'

[108.15] =con tal de que=: see under _tal_, in Vocab.

[108.17] =ó una=, 'or a whole one.'

[108.19] =tendrá usted aunque=, 'you shall have [what you want] even if.'

[108.20] =rellena=, 'stuffed.' Note the intensive particles _re_ and _rete_: _rebueno_, 'very good,' _retebueno_, 'very, very good.'--=¡Bonito soy yo para que nadie pase!= 'I should be a fine fellow to let any one suffer.'

[108.24] =en ver devorar á su amigo y huésped=: =amigo= and =huésped= are subjects of =devorar=, as well as objects of ver.

[108.25] =de á media libra=: see under _libra_, in Vocab. Cf. _un billete de á cien pesetas_, 'a hundred-_peseta_ bank-note.'

=109.=--[109.6] =escribir=, 'writing.'

[109.11] =caminantes= is the subject of =saludarse=: the =se= of =saludarse= is reciprocal ('one another').--=aún cuando=, see under _cuando_, in Vocab.

[109.13] =capital=: see _Córdoba_, in Vocab.

CUADROS DE COSTUMBRES

=Fernán Caballero= (her real name was Cecilia Böhl de Faber), b. 1796 in Switzerland, d. 1877. She went to Spain (to Andalusia) at an early age, and became one of the most Spanish of Spanish women. In her writings she used the pseudonym of Fernán Caballero. The novels and tales of Fernán Caballero have always been popular in Spain. They abound in charming descriptions of the home life of the common people and of nature; but they contain many digressions that are personal or didactic, they usually end with a crime, and often they have an air of evident unreality. Works: _La gaviota_, _La familia de Alvareda_, _Elia_, _Deudas pagadas_, _Relaciones_, _Cuadros de costumbres_, _Un servilón y un liberalito_, et al.

=110.=--[ 110.6. =puertos=] at the mouth of the river.

[110.8. =que no=, 'than.' This expletive _no_ after a comparative can not be expressed in English.

=111.=--[111.13] =vereda= is subject of =parte=.

[111.15] =capital=: see _Sevilla_, in Vocab.

[111.25] =de no ir==_á fin de no ir_.

=112.=--[112.1] =trayendo... la imaginación=, 'bringing... one's imagination back.'

[112.5] =se vuelva=: from _volverse_, 'to turn into'; =te=, 'for you' (ethical dative).

[112.13] =ahora es la nuestra=, 'it's our turn now,' or 'this hour is ours.'

[112.16] =mes de las flores=: cf. the English saying: "April showers bring May flowers."

[112.28] =Simón Verde= is a humble workman, who is noted for kindliness and generosity.

=113.=--[113.4] =por hacerlo necesario el declive==_porque el declive lo hacía necesario_.

[113.5] =pretil= is the subject of =sosteníalo=.

[113.10] =de por sí=: see under reflexive _sí_, in Vocab.

=114.=--[114.20] =entre sí=, 'one from another.'

[114.22] =machacando=, _etc._, refers to the clatter the stork makes with his beak.

[114.28] =la rana al rano=, 'the mamma frog to the papa frog.'--=Picuaque=, =Ranoque= and =reniquicuaque= are meaningless words that imitate the croaking of frogs.

=115.=--[115.3] =que= is expletive: do not translate.

[115.5] =Uds.=: note here the hesitancy between _ustedes_ and the forms that correspond to =vosotros=. In Cuban and Mexican Spanish, both largely Andalusian dialects, _vosotros_ is rare.

[115.10] =pongo=: see _poner á que_, under _poner_, in Vocab.

[115.13] =y si no=, 'and if you don't believe it.'

[115.15] =Á que=: see under the conjunction _que_, in Vocab.

[115.16] =carrillo=: it rattles boisterously as it goes down without a load, and creaks and shrieks when it rises loaded.

[115.17] =¿lo que es?= 'what this is?'

[115.28] =el vino=: see _predicador_, in Vocab.

=116.=--[116.22] =de que abriese... la zorra=, 'when the fox opened...'

[116.23] =¡[come] á otro; que= ('for') =no [me comerás] á mí!=

=117.=--[117.2] =Berbería= ('Barbary') is often used in southern Spain to denote the land of the Moors, who are the traditional enemies of the Spaniards.

[117.14] =que le des= is nearly equivalent to _da_. (imperative).

[117.15] =eso no=: the English word order would be _no eso_.

[117.18] =ora por obis=, a child's mispronunciation of _ora pro nobis_, 'pray for us.'

=118.=--[118.11] =Pueda... la luna=, 'may the moon..."--=perdonárselo=, 'pardon them for doing so' (lit., 'pardon it to them').

[118.13] =Nosotros no nos sentimos con=, 'we do not feel that we have.'

[118.19] =Vese==_se ve_.--=que es de==_que es una de_.

[118.27] =de Melgarejo=, Melgarejo's.

=119.=--[119.3] =por los años de mil trescientos y tantos=, 'about the year thirteen hundred' (lit., 'about the years thirteen hundred odd').

[119.12] =esclavo=: at this time the Spanish peninsula was divided between Moors and Spaniards, and each nation made slaves of those that were captured from the other nation.

[119.22] =que=, 'when,' as often after an expression of time.

[119.26] =la cristiana=: _hueste_ is understood.

[119.29] =por lo que=: see under _que_, in Vocab.

[119.31] =por el que=, 'over which.'

=120.=--[120.3] =se extraña=: translate =se= by the indefinite pronoun 'one.'

[120.7] =se mueven=, etc.,=_los trabajadores mueven, como hormigas en un esqueleto_.

=121.=--[121.15] =Viernes Santo=: see under _Viernes_, in Vocab.

[121.28] =mas que no sea=: see under _mas_, in Vocab.

=122.=--[122.7] =rosario=: see Vocab.

[122.20] =El interior lo formaba==_formaba el interior_: the subject of =formaba= is =pieza=.

=123.=--[123.6] =como lo era=: do not translate =lo=, which stands for =doméstica y tranquila=.

[123.8] =les=, 'in them.'

[123.23] =por traerle==_porque le traían_ ('kept').

=124.=--[124.7] =¡Qué será de ti!=: see under _ser_, in Vocab.

[124.17] =Más Honor que Honores=='honor is better than honors.'

LA AJORCA DE ORO

=Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer=, b. 1836 in Seville, d. 1870,--journalist, writer of short stories and poet. His tales are mostly legendary, and are imbued with a morbid mysticism. Bécquer is primarily a poet, for even his prose has the poetic fancy and, to a large extent, the music of verse. His lyric verse is perhaps the most finished that was written in Spain during the nineteenth century. Bécquer left only three volumes of prose and verse.

=125.=--[125.3] =en nada=, 'in any respect.'

[125.16] =que los vió nacer=, 'where they were born' (lit., 'that saw them [to be] born.')

=126.=--[126.20] =templo= here refers to the cathedral of the archbishopric of Toledo, although any church may be called _templo_.--=la fiesta de la Virgen= refers to some one of several church festivals in honor of the Virgin Mary.

[126.25] =Salve, Regina= ("Hail, Queen"), the opening words of a Latin hymn to the Virgin.

[126.29] =digo mal, en la imagen no=, 'no, not on the image either' (lit., 'I speak incorrectly, not on the image').

=127.=--[127.21] =no lo será nunca=: =lo= stands for =tuya=.

[127.22] =aquí=, _en la cabeza_.

[127.31] =La [Virgen] del Sagrario=, one of many images of the Virgin in the cathedral. This image is held in especial veneration, and it is adorned with many precious stones. See _Sagrario_, in Vocab.

=128.=--[128.5] =otra Virgen=: although there is only one Virgin Mary worshiped by Christians, certain images of the Virgin are believed to have more efficacy than others, and there is often much rivalry and jealousy between the adherents of one and another image.

[128.19] =La catedral de Toledo=: this vast Roman Catholic cathedral was begun in the thirteenth century and finished (or nearly finished) in the fifteenth.

=129.=--[129.12] =si grande=, etc.,=_si_ ('although') _la catedral se presenta grande é imponente_.

[129.30] =el último=: _día_ is understood.

=130.=--[130.10] =permitía distinguir=, 'permitted one to distinguish.'

[130.13] =que sólo el concebirla=, 'the mere conception of which' (lit., 'that only the conceiving it').

[130.15] =saberse=: translate into the English passive voice.

=131.=--[131.10] =el suelo=, etc.,=_formaban el suelo de la capilla_. The subject follows.

[131.17] =el templo todo==_todo el templo_.

[131.25] =la Reina de los cielos==_la Virgen_.

[131.29] =tranquilizara==_tranquilizó_. This use of the imperfect subjunctive in _-ra_, with the force of a pluperfect or preterite indicative, is not uncommon in Spanish. See the Hills-Ford _Spanish Grammar_, § 99, note 2.

[131.30] =que el=: _temor_ is understood.

=132.=--[132.10] =demonios=: these =demonios=, =endriagos=, etc., within and without the medieval churches,--usually placed high on cornice or roof,--gave concrete expression to the belief that demons were hovering about ready to pounce down upon the wicked.

[132.18] =no vistos=: no may perhaps be best expressed by 'never before.'

[132.22] =se rodeaban y confundían=, 'were moving about one another and were intermingling.'

[132.30] =todo un mundo de=, etc., is the subject of =pululaban=.

=133.=--[133.9] =¡Suya!==_¡es de ella (de María Antúnez)!_

POESÍAS

In Spanish poetry the verse-line must contain some definite number of syllables, as in the following six-syllabled lines:

_En_ | _es_ | _ta_ | _dis_ | _pu_ | _ta,_ _Lle_ | _gan_ | _do_ | _los_ | _pe_ | _rros,_ _Pi_ | _llan_ | _des_ | _cui_ | _da_ | _dos_ _Á_ | _mis_ | _dos_ | _co_ | _ne_ | _jos._

In the syllabic division of words, a single consonant, or any group of consonants that may begin a word,[A] goes with the following vowel.

[A] These are _bl_, _br_, _cl_, _cr_, _dr_, _fl_, _fr_, _gl_, _gr_, _pl_, _pr_, and _tr_. Note also that _ch_, _ll_, _ñ_, and _rr_ are considered single consonants. But a prepositional prefix, except before _s_+consonant, forms a separate syllable: _des_ | _a_ | _gra_ | _da_ | _ble_, _in_ | _a_ | _ni_ | _ma_ | _do_, but _cons_ | _tan_ | _te_.

The final vowel of one word, and the initial vowel of the next word in the same line, usually form one syllable:

_De_ | _su_ | _ma_ | _dri_ | _gue_ | _ra_ _Sa_ | _lió^un_ | _com_ | _pa_ | _ñe_ | _ro,_ _Y_ | _le_ | _di_ | _jo:--_ | _¡Ten_ | _te!_ _A_ | _mi_ | _go,_ | _¿Qué^es_ | _es_ | _to?_

A verse-line contains one or more rhythmic stresses. By rhythmic stress is meant the more important metrical accent that falls (1) always upon the last accented syllable of a line, and (2) near the middle of a line of ten or more syllables. In the following line there are eight syllables and one rhythmic stress:

_Á_ | _pe_ | _sar_ | _de_ | _su_ | _vi_ | _ve_ | _za_.

The following line has eleven syllables and two rhythmic stresses:

_ai_ | _re_ | _de^a_ | _ro_ | _mas,_ | _flo_ | _res_ | _a_ | _pi_ | _ña_ | _das_.

The strongly marked rhythmic beat of English and German verse occurs rarely in Spanish. The syllables of a verse-line should be read evenly, with the exception of a slight emphasis and rest upon the word that bears the rhythmic stress.

Verse may be blank (unrhymed) or rhymed. If it is rhymed, the rhyme may be (1) both vocalic and consonantal (_viv_=eza=, _trist_=eza=, _pur_=eza=, or _hon_=or=, _volad_=or=, _ol_=or=, etc.), or (2) it may be merely vocalic (assonance), in which the vowels alone are rhymed (_p_=e=_rr_=o=_s_, _con_=e=_j_=o=, _compañ_=e=_r_=o=, =e=_st_=o=, or _much_=a=_ch_=o=, =á=_rb_=o=_l_, etc.).

LOS DOS CONEJOS

=Tomás de Iriarte y Oropesa=, b. 1750, d. 1791,--known chiefly for his fables (_Fábulas literarias_).

=135.=--_Los dos conejos_ has 6 syllables to the verse-line, as follows:

_Por_ | _en_ | _tre^u_ | _nas_ | =ma= | _tas,_ _Se_ | _gui_ | _do_ | _de_ | =pe= | _rros,_ _(No_ | _di_ | _ré_ | _co_ | =rrí= | _a)_ _Vo_ | _la_ | _ba^un_ | _co_ | =ne= | _jo_.

Each verse-line contains one rhythmic stress. The rhyme is assonance, the rhyme-vowels being _é-o_ in the 2d, 4th, 6th, etc., line throughout the poem.

[135.9] =¿Qué ha de ser?= 'what must it be?'

[135.18] =como mi abuelo=, 'as sure as fate' (lit., 'like my grandfather.' Cf. _Éste tan muerto está como mi abuelo_, in Samaniego's _Los dos amigos y el oso_).

[135.20] =vistos los tengo==_los he visto_. Note that the participle agrees with the object when the auxiliary is _tener_.