Chapter 6

indicates "a thing made" or "derived from" that which is expressed in the root:

sukerajxo = a sweet, confection. orajxo = a gold object. ovajxo = an omelet. araneajxo = a spider-web.

THE ADVERB "JEN".

228. The adverb "jen", behold, here, there, is used to point out or call attention to something:

Jen estas la problemo! There is the problem! Jen la filozofo! Behold the philosopher! Jen sxi ludas, jen sxi studas, now she plays, now she studies. Mi faris gxin jene, I did it as follows. Mi agis laux la jena metodo, I acted in the following way. Li diris la jenajn vortojn, he spoke the following words.

VOCABULARY

arangx-i = to arrange. neniam = never (226). art-o = art. nenie = nowhere (225). ber-o = berry. pentr-i = to paint. jen = there, behold (228). postul-i = to demand. jxaluz-a = jealous. precip-a = principal, chief. konkurs-o = competition. regul-o = rule. lert-a = skilled, clever. tromp-i = to deceive. nenia = no kind of (224). vin-o = wine.

DU ARTKONKURSOJ.

Vivadis en Grekujo antaux multaj jarcentoj du lertaj famaj pentristoj. Ili estis reciproke jxaluzaj, kaj neniam povis interparoli paceme. Ne povinte decidi la problemon, kaj eltrovi kiu el ili estas la plej lerta, ili fine arangxis konkurson pri la pentrado. Laux gxiaj reguloj, cxiu el ili pentris pentrajxon, por montri sian lertecon. Unu pentris teleron da vinberoj ("grapes"). Gxi estis tiel mirinde kolorigita ke ecx la birdoj venis kaj penis gxin mangxi, pensinte gxin ne nur pentrajxo, sed la vinberoj mem. "Nenia pentrajxo povos superi la mian," gxojege ekkriis la pentristo, "jen, la birdoj mem rekonas mian lertecon!" Tiam li diris al la alia artisto, "Nu, kial vi ne fortiras tiun kurtenon? Mi volas rigardi vian pentrajxon." La dua pentristo respondis kun rideto, "Jen estas mia pentrajxo. Nenie apud vi estas kurteno, sed vi vidas nur pentrajxon de kurteno antaux tiu konstruajxo." Tre mirigite, la pentrinto de la vinberoj diris "Vi ja superas min en la pentrado. Mi trompis la birdojn per mia pentrajxo, sed vi trompas ecx aliajn artistojn! Tia lerteco estas ja mirindajxo!"

Oni rakontas similan okazintajxon pri fama artisto kiu pentris multe da pentrajxoj por Aleksandro Granda. Malgajninte en konkurso kontraux iuj aliaj artistoj, li opiniis ke la jugxintoj estas maljustaj al li, precipe pro la jxaluzeco. Li ekkriis "Cxar niaj pentrajxoj estas bildoj de cxevaloj, ili certe postulas cxevalajn jugxantojn!" Tial oni enkondukis du aux tri cxevalojn. La cxevaloj, tute ne rigardinte la pentrajxojn de la aliaj artistoj, kuris rekte al tiu de la plendinta artisto, kaj klare montris sian rekonadon de la tie pentritaj cxevaloj. Surprizite, oni diris "Jen estas justaj jugxantoj!" Tuj oni lauxdis la pentriston kaj severe punis la malhonestajn homajn jugxintojn.

SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION

1. Syracuse was the largest city on the island of Sicily. 2. The famous philosopher and physicist Archimedes lost his life when that city was destroyed and entirely burned. 3. At least, no sort of trace of him seems to have been found after that occurrence. 4. Never, perhaps, was there a more learned man in Syracuse. 5. Greece was also famous for its skilled painters, and there are many anecdotes about them. 6. A painter who failed in a certain competition believed that none of the judges had been just to him. 7. He exclaimed "Behold this iniquity (injustice)! Nowhere can I find a human being who is not jealous. 8. Since the paintings are chiefly of horses, do they not require horses for judges?" 9. His proposal was accepted (54), and some horses were led in. 10. Without noticing (222) the other paintings, the horses walked at once to the picture of the unsuccessful artist, and showed immediate recognition of the horses painted there. 11. This act showed which competitor ("konkursinto") was the most skilful. 12. The painter, having deceived the horses, as another artist had once deceived birds by a picture of grapes, said "Animals decide not by rules, but by feelings."

LESSON XLIX.

THE NEGATIVE ADVERBS "NENIAL", "NENIEL", "NENIOM".

229. The negative adverb of motive or reason, related to the negative pronoun "neniu", is "nenial", for no reason:

Li estas nenial jxaluza, he is jealous for no reason. Nenial li trompis vin, for no reason he deceived you.

230. The negative adverb of manner is "neniel", in no way.

Mi povos neniel arangxi konkurson, I can in no way arrange a competition. Tiu ago estas neniel lauxregula, That act is in no way regular.

231. The negative adverb of quantity is "neniom", no amount of, not any, none, no:

Tiu pentrajxo postulas neniom da lerteco, such a painting requires no skill. Estas neniom da vino en lia glaso, there is no wine in his glass.

THE SUFFIX "-IGX-".

232. The suffix "-igx-" is used to form intransitive verbs of an "inchoative" nature.

a. Inchoative verbs from the roots of "intransitive verbs" indicate the "beginning" or "coming into existence" of the act or condition expressed in the root:

sidigxi, to become sitting, to sit down, to take a seat. starigxi, to become standing, to stand up.

b. Intransitive verbs may be similarly formed from the roots of "transitive" verbs, and indicate an action of the verb not immediately due to the subject's acting upon itself (as in the case of reflexive verbs, 41) and not caused by any direct agency (as in the case of the passive voice, 169):

La pordo fermigxas, the door closes (goes shut). La veturilo movigxas, the vehicle moves. La brancxo rompigxas, the branch breaks. Grupo da personoj kolektigxis, a group of persons gathered.

[Footnote: Cf. the examples given and the following sentences in which the same verbal roots are used in the simple form and in the passive voice:

Ni fermas la pordon, La pordo estas fermita, we close the door. the door is (has been) closed.

Oni movas la veturilon, La veturilo estas movata, they move the vehicle. the vehicle is being moved.

Mi rompas la brancxon, La brancxo estas rompita, I break the branch. the branch is (has been) broken.

Li kolektis florojn, Floroj estas kolektitaj, he gathered flowers. flowers have been gathered.]