Part 6

Type What is What does it How is it called? look like? it used? ------------------------------------------------------------------- Cocaine Coke White crystalline Inhaled Snow powder, often through Flake diluted with nasal White other ingredients passages Blow Injected Nose Candy Smoked Big C Snowbirds Lady ------------------------------------------------------------------- Crack or Crack Light brown or Smoked cocaine Freebase rocks beige pellets--or Rock crystalline rocks that resemble coagulated soap; often packaged in small vials -------------------------------------------------------------------

OTHER STIMULANTS

Effects

Stimulants can cause increased heart and respiratory rates, elevated blood pressure, dilated pupils, and decreased appetite. In addition, users may experience sweating, headache, blurred vision, dizziness, sleeplessness, and anxiety. Extremely high doses can cause a rapid or irregular heartbeat, tremors, loss of coordination, and even physical collapse. An amphetamine injection creates a sudden increase in blood pressure that can result in stroke, very high fever, or heart failure.

In addition to the physical effects, users report feeling restless, anxious, and moody. Higher doses intensify the effects. Persons who use large amounts of amphetamines over a long period of time can develop an amphetamine psychosis that includes hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia. These symptoms usually disappear when drug use ceases.

Type What is What does it How is it called? look like? it used? ------------------------------------------------------------------- Amphetamines Speed Capsules Taken orally Uppers Pills Injected Ups Tablets Inhaled Black Beauties through Pep Pills nasal Copilots passages Bumblebees Hearts Benzedrine Dexedrine Footballs Biphetamine ------------------------------------------------------------------- Metham- Crank White powder Taken orally phetamines Crystal Meth Pills Injected Crystal A rock which Inhaled Methedrine resembles a through Speed block of paraffin nasal passages ------------------------------------------------------------------- Additional Ritalin Pills Taken orally Stimulants Cylert Capsules Injected Preludin Tablets Didrex Pre-State Voranil Tenuate Tepanil Pondimin Sandrex Plegine Ionamin -------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPRESSANTS

Effects

The effects of depressants are in many ways similar to the effects of alcohol. Small amounts can produce calmness and relaxed muscles, but somewhat larger doses can cause slurred speech, staggering gait, and altered perception. Very large doses can cause respiratory depression, coma, and death. The combination of depressants and alcohol can multiply the effects of the drugs, thereby multiplying the risks.

The use of depressants can cause both physical and psychological dependence. Regular use over time may result in a tolerance to the drug, leading the user to increase the quantity consumed. When regular users suddenly stop taking large doses, they may develop withdrawal symptoms ranging from restlessness, insomnia, and anxiety to convulsions and death.

Babies born to mothers who abuse depressants during pregnancy may be physically dependent on the drugs and show withdrawal symptoms shortly after they are born. Birth defects and behavioral problems also may result.

Type What is What does it How is it called? look like? it used? ------------------------------------------------------------------- Barbiturates Downers Red, yellow, blue, Taken orally Barbs or red and blue Blue Devils capsules Red Devils Yellow Jacket Yellows Nembutal Seconal Amytal Tuinals ------------------------------------------------------------------- Methaqualone Quaaludes Tablets Taken orally Ludes Sopors ------------------------------------------------------------------- Tranquilizers Valium Tablets Taken orally Librium Capsules Equanil Miltown Serax Tranxene -------------------------------------------------------------------

HALLUCINOGENS

Effects

Phencyhdine (PCP) interrupts the functions of the neocortex, the section of the brain that controls the intellect and keeps instincts in check. Because the drug blocks pain receptors, violent PCP episodes may result in self-inflicted injuries.

The effects of PCP vary, but users frequently report a sense of distance and estrangement. Time and body movement are slowed down. Muscular coordination worsens and senses are dulled. Speech is blocked and incoherent.

Chronic users of PCP report persistent memory problems and speech difficulties. Some of these effects may last 6 months to a year following prolonged daily use. Mood disorders--depression, anxiety, and violent behavior--also occur in later stages of chronic use, users often exhibit paranoid and violent behavior and experience hallucinations.

Large doses may produce convulsions and coma, heart and lung failure, or ruptured blood vessels in the brain.

Lysergic acid (LSD), mescaline, and psilocybin cause illusions and hallucinations. The physical effects may include dilated pupils, elevated body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, and tremors.

Sensations and feelings may change rapidly. It is common to have a bad psychological reaction to LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin. The user may experience panic, confusion, suspicion, anxiety, and loss of control. Delayed effects, or flashbacks, can occur even after use has ceased.

Type What is What does it How is it called? look like? it used? ------------------------------------------------------------------- Phencychdine PCP Liquid Taken orally Angel Dust Capsules Injected Loveboat White crystalline Smoked--can Lovely powder be sprayed Hog Pills on cigarettes, Killer Weed parsley, and marijuana ------------------------------------------------------------------- Lysergic Acid LSD Brightly colored tablets Taken orally Acid Acid Impregnated blotter paper Licked off Diethylamide Green or Red Thin squares of gelatin paper Dragon Clear liquid Gelatin and White Lightning liquid can Blue Heaven be put in Sugar Cubes the eyes Microdot ------------------------------------------------------------------- Mescaline Mesc Hard brown discs Discs--chewed, and Peyote Buttons Tablets swallowed, Cactus Capsules or smoked Tablets and capsules-- taken orally ------------------------------------------------------------------- Psilocybin Magic Fresh or dried mushroom Chewed and mushrooms swallowed Mushrooms -------------------------------------------------------------------

NARCOTICS

Effects

Narcotics initially produce a feeling of euphoria that often is followed by drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting. Users also may experience constricted pupils, watery eyes, and itching. An overdose may produce slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, and possibly death.

Tolerance to narcotics develops rapidly and dependence is likely. The use of contaminated syringes may result in diseases such as AIDS, endocarditis, and hepatitis. Addiction in pregnant women can lead to premature, stillborn, or addicted infants who experience severe withdrawal symptoms.

Type What is What does it How is it called? look like? it used? ------------------------------------------------------------------- Heroin Smack Powder, white to dark Injected Horse brown Inhaled Brown Sugar Tar-like substance through Junk nasal Mud passages Big H Smoked Black Tar ------------------------------------------------------------------- Methadone Dolophine Solution Taken orally Methadose Injected Amidone ------------------------------------------------------------------- Codeine Empirin Dark liquid varying Taken orally compound in thickness Injected with Capsules Codeine Tablets Tylenol with Codeine Codeine Codeine in cough medicines ------------------------------------------------------------------- Morphine Pectoral White crystals Injected syrup Hypodermic tablets Taken orally Injectable solutions Smoked ------------------------------------------------------------------- Meperidine Pethidine White powder Taken orally Demerol Solution Injected Mepergan Tablets ------------------------------------------------------------------- Opium Paregoric Dark brown chunks Smoked Dover's Powder Powder Eaten Parepectolin ------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Percocet Tablets Taken orally Narcotics Percodan Capsules Injected Tussionex Liquid Fentanyl Darvon Talwin Lomotil -------------------------------------------------------------------

DESIGNER DRUGS

Effects

Illegal drugs are defined in terms of their chemical formulas. To circumvent these legal restrictions, underground chemists modify the molecular structure of certain illegal drugs to produce analogs known as designer drugs. These drugs can be several hundred times stronger than the drugs they are designed to imitate.

The narcotic analogs can cause symptoms such as those seen in Parkinson's disease--uncontrollable tremors, drooling, impaired speech, paralysis, and irreversible brain damage. Analogs of amphetamines and methamphetamines cause nausea, blurred vision, chills or sweating, and faintness. Psychological effects include anxiety, depression, and paranoia. As little as one dose can cause brain damage. The analogs of phencyclidine cause illusions, hallucinations, and impaired perception.

Type What is What does it How is it called? look like? it used? ------------------------------------------------------------------- Analogs of Synthetic White powder Inhaled Fentanyl Heroin resembling heroin through (Narcotic) China White nasal passages Injected ------------------------------------------------------------------- Analogs of Synthetic White powder Inhaled Meperidine Heroin through (Narcotic) MPTP (New nasal Heroin) passages MPPP Injected PEPAP ------------------------------------------------------------------- Analogs of MDMA (Ecstasy, White powder Taken orally Ampheta- XTC, Adam, Tablets Injected mines and Essence) Capsules Inhaled Metham- MDM through phetamines STP nasal (Hallucino- PMA passages gens) 2, 5-DMA TMA DOM DOB ------------------------------------------------------------------- Analogs of PCPy White powder Taken orally Phency- PCE Injected clidine TCP Smoked (PCP) (Hallucinogens) -------------------------------------------------------------------

_Sources of Information_

TOLLFREE INFORMATION

1-800-554-KIDS--THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF PARENTS FOR DRUG-FREE YOUTH (NFP).

A national information and referral service that focuses primarily on preventing drug addiction in children and adolescents. By referral to the caller's "State networker" or a member group in the caller's community, NFP also provides assistance to anyone concerned about a child already using alcohol or drugs. Call between 9:00 am and 5:00 pm (Eastern time).

1-800-241-9746--PRIDE DRUG INFORMATION LINE.

A national resource and information center, Parents' Resource Institute for Drug Education (PRIDE) refers concerned parents to parent groups in their State or local area, gives information on how parents can form a group in their community, provides telephone consulting and referrals to emergency health centers, and maintains a series of drug information tapes that callers can listen to, free-of-charge, by calling after 5:00 pm.

1-800-638-2045--NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE (NIDA), U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES.

A national information service that provides technical assistance to individuals and groups wishing to start drug prevention programs. Currently, the program focuses on the establishment of the "Just Say No To Drugs" clubs.

1-800-662-HELP--NIDA HOTLINE.

NIDA Hotline is a confidential information and referral line that directs callers to cocaine abuse treatment centers in the local community. Free materials on drug abuse are also distributed in response to inquiries.

1-800-COCAINE--COCAINE HELPLINE.

A round-the-clock information and referral service. Reformed cocaine addict counselors answer the phones, offer guidance, and refer drug users and parents to local public and private treatment centers and family learning centers.

GENERAL READINGS AND VIDEOTAPES

The publications in the following list that are followed by an (a) or (b) are available from these organizations:

(a) National Federation of Parents for Drug-Free Youth (NFP), 8730 Georgia Avenue, Suite 200, Silver Spring, MD 20910. Telephone tollfree nationwide 1-800-554-KIDS or, in the Washington, DC area, 585-KIDS.

(b) Parents' Resource Institute for Drug Education, Inc. (PRIDE), Woodruff Bldg., Suite 1002, 100 Edgewood Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30303. Telephone tollfree nationwide 1-800-241-9746.

_Adolescent Drug and Alcohol Abuse_, by Donald I. MacDonald, 1984. A 200-page book on stages of drug involvement, drugs, diagnosis, and treatment. The author, a pediatrician who experienced the problem in his own family, addresses physicians and parents. Year Book Publishers, 35 East Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60601. Telephone 1-800-621-9262. Paperback, $15.95.

_Courtwatch Manual_. A 111-page manual explains the court system, the criminal justice process, Courtwatch activities, and what can be done before and after a criminal is sentenced. Washington Legal Foundation, 1705 N Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036. Enclose $2.00 for postage and handling.

_Drug Use Among American High School Students, College Students, and Other Young Adults: National Trends Through 1985_, by Jerald G. Bachman, Lloyd D. Johnson, and Patrick M. O'Malley, 1986. A 237-page book reporting on trends in drug use and attitudes of high school seniors, based on an annual survey conducted since 1975. The National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 20857, ADM 86-1450. Single copies are available free.

_Getting Tough on Gateway Drugs_, by Robert DuPont, Jr., 1984. A 330-page book describing the drug problem, the drug-dependence syndrome, the gateway drugs, and ways that families can prevent and treat drug problems. American Psychiatric Press Inc., paperback, $7.95 (a)(b).

_Gone Way Down, Teenage Drug-Use Is a Disease_, by Miller Newton, 1981. A 72-page book describing the stages of adolescent drug use. American Studies Press, paperback, $2.95(a).

_How to Talk to Your Kids About Growing up Without Drugs and Alcohol._ A videotape that offers a practical, easy-to-follow approach to improve family communications, particularly on the subject of adolescent drug and alcohol use. It includes interviews with experts in the field. $23.00(a).

_Kids and Drugs: A Handbook for Parents and Professionals_, by Joyce Tobias, 1986. A 96-page handbook about adolescent drug and alcohol use, the effects of drugs and the drug culture, stages of chemical use, parent groups and their creation and maintenance, and resources available to parents and professionals. PANDA Press, 4111 Watkins Trail, Annandale, VA 22003. Telephone (703) 750-9285, paperback, $3.95 (volume discounts).

_Marijuana Alert_, by Peggy Mann, 1985. A 526-page book about marijuana: the crisis, health hazards, and activities of parent groups, industry, and government. McGraw-Hill Paperbacks, $15.95(a)(b).

_Not My Kid_, by Beth Polson and Miller Newton, 1984. A 224-page guide for parents to aid in prevention, recognition, and treatment of adolescent chemical use. It is especially strong on overcoming denial and recognizing problems, with numerous personal vignettes. Avon Paperback Books, #69997-4, $2.95; hardcover, $15.95(b).

_Parents, Peers and Pot_, by Marsha Manatt, 1979. A 96-page book that recounts the evolution of the drug culture, the development of the first parent peer group, actions for parents to take, and information on marijuana. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, $3.00(b).

_Parents, Peers and Pot II: Parents in Action_, by Marsha Manatt, 1983. A 160-page book that describes the formation of parent groups in rural, suburban, and urban communities. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, $1.00(b).

_Peer Pressure Reversal_, by Sharon Scott, 1985. A 183-page guidebook for parents, teachers, and concerned citizens to enable them to provide peer pressure reversal skills to children. Human Resource Development Center, Amherst, MA, $9.95(a)(b).

_Pot Safari_, by Peggy Mann, 1982. For parents and teenagers. Distinguished research scientists are interviewed on the subject of marijuana. Woodmere Press, New York, NY, $6.95(a)(b).

_Strategies for Controlling Adolescent Drug Use_, by J. Michael Polich et al., 1984. A 196-page book that reviews the scientific literature on the nature of drug use and the effectiveness of drug law enforcement, treatment, and prevention programs. The Rand Corporation, 1700 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90406-2138, paperback, $15.00.

_Team Up for Drug Prevention With America's Young Athletes._ A free booklet for coaches that includes alcohol and drug information, reasons why athletes use drugs, suggested activities for coaches, a prevention program, a survey for athletes and coaches, and sample letters to parents. Drug Enforcement Administration, Public Affairs Staff, 1405 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20537.

FREE CATALOGS OF DRUG ABUSE PUBLICATIONS

COMP CARE PUBLICATIONS. A source for pamphlets, books, and charts on drug and alcohol abuse, chemical awareness, and self-help. Telephone 1-800-328-3330.

HAZELDEN EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS. A source for pamphlets and books on drug abuse and alcoholism and curriculum materials for drug prevention. Telephone 1-800-328-9000.

SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY RESOURCES

ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE EDUCATION PROGRAM, U.S. Department of Education. The "School Team" approach offered in this program is designed to develop the capability of local schools to prevent and reduce drug and alcohol abuse and associated disruptive behaviors. Five regional centers now provide training and technical assistance to local school districts that apply. For information, write to the U.S. Department of Education, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Education Program, 400 Maryland Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20202-4101.

AMERICAN COUNCIL ON DRUG EDUCATION (ACDE). ACDE organizes conferences; develops media campaigns; reviews scientific findings; publishes books, a quarterly newsletter, and education kits for physicians, schools, and libraries; and produces films. 5820 Hubbard Drive, Rockville, MD 20852. Telephone (301) 984-5700.

COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE, INC. This organization provides a newsletter and emergency news flashes that give extensive information on issues, ideas, and contacts. Provides a resource list and sells many pamphlets. Membership is $15.00. 57 Conant Street, Room 113, Danvers, MA 09123. Telephone (617) 774-2641.

FAMILIES IN ACTION. This organization maintains a drug information center with more than 100,000 documents. Publishes _Drug Abuse Update_, a 16-page newsletter containing abstracts of articles published in medical and academic journals and newspapers throughout the Nation. $10.00 for 4 issues. 3845 North Druid Hills Road, Suite 300, Decatur, GA 30033. Telephone (404) 325-5799.