Part 41

GERMANY. / A / P /Upper, or / Upper Red Marl and Sandstone. \ | G | E |Magnesian< Upper Magnesian Limestone. > Zechstein. | E | R |Limestone | Lower Red Marl and Sandstone. | | | M < Series. \ Lower Magnesian Limestone. / | O | I | | F | A |Lower, or / Red Marl, Sandstone, Breccia, Röthe-liegende, | | N | Rothlie-< and Conglomerate. | F | . \ gende. \ | I | |U S |C / ENGLAND. SCOTLAND. |P H |A | |P E |R A P | / Upper Coal Measures. \ |E S |B G H | Coal | Middle Coal Measures. }| Upper Coal |R , |O E Y | Measures.< Pennant Grit. } > Measures. | |N T | | Lower Coal Measures. | |P O |I O O | \ Gannister Beds. / |A R< F F Z | |L |E O | / Millstone Grit or \ Moor |Æ I |R P I< \ Farewell Rock. / Rock. |O C |O L C | |Z H |U A | / Upper Limestone Shale \ Upper Limestones. |O T |S N E | | (Yoredale Rocks). > Edge Coals Series. |I H | T P | | Carboniferous Lime- | Lower Limestones. |C Y |S S O | Carboni- | stone. / |. O |E , C | ferous, | | Z |R H | or < \ Sandstones, Shales, | O |I O . | Mountain | Lower Limestone Shale. > and Burdie House | I |E R | Limestone.| / Limestone. | C |S | | | |. \ \ P | E | A | P |OLD RED / Old Red / Upper Devonian or Barnstaple and Marwood Beds, L | O | SAND- | Sand- | with Petherwin Limestone, in N. E. Cornwall. Æ | C | STONE < stone, or< Middle Devonian or Ilfracombe Beds, with O | H | AND |Devonian | Fossiliferous Limestones and Cornstones. Z | . | DEVONI-| Beds. \ Lower Devonian, or Lynton Beds. O | \ AN. \ I | WALES AND CENTRAL LAKE DISTRICT. C | ENGLAND. , |L / / / Tilestones (Passage \ |O A | | | Beds). | O < W N | | | > Kirkby Moor R |E D | | | / Upper Ludlow Beds (with | Flags. |R | | U | Ludlow < Bone Bed). / P | M | | P | Beds. | Aymestry Limestone. \ R |P O | | P | \ Lower Ludlow Beds. | I |A L | | E | > Bannisdale Beds. M |L L | | R | / Wenlock Limestone. | A |Æ U | | | | Wenlock Shale, Sand- | R |O S | | S | | stone, and Flags. / Y |Z C | | I < Wenlock < Woolhope Limestone and \ Coniston Grits . |O S |S | L | Beds. | Shale. | and Flags. |I , |I | U | | Denbighshire Grits, > Stockdale |C |L | R | | Shales, Slates, and | Slates. |. O |U | I | \ Flags. / | R< R < A | |A |I | N | Tarannon Shale (Pale Slates). |G M |A | . | |E A |N | | / Upper Llandovery Rocks. | L |. | | Llando- | (May Hill Sandstone). |O A | | | very < (Pentamerus Beds). |F C | | | Beds. | | O | | \ \ Lower Llandovery Rocks. |C Z | | |R O | | S / Caradoc, / Caradoc and Bala Beds. \ |U I | | I | or Bala < (Sandstones often shelly,| Coniston Lime- |S C | | L L | Beds. | with Bala Limestone, | stone, Bala |T | | O U | \ Shale, and Slate). > (Limestone and |A E | | W R | | Shale). |C P | | E I< Llan- / Llandeilo Flags and | Skiddaw Slates. |E O | | R A | deilo. < Limestone, &c. / |A C | | N | \ Tremadoc Slates. |N H | | . | |S . | | | Lingula Lingula Flags. (Primordial Zone of | \ \ \ Beds. Barrande). | | / / / Harlech Grits, &c. | | | | Purple Slates and Grits (St. David’s). | E |CAMBRIAN.< Cambrian.< Llanberis Grits and Slates. | O | | | Longmynd Rocks. | Z | | \ Red Sandstone and Conglomerate (Scotland). | O < \ | I | | C | / Fundamental Gneiss of the Outer Hebrides | . |LAURENTIAN. < and of the N. W. coast of Scotland, &c., | | | containing the oldest known fossil, \ \ \ _Eozoon Canadense_.

INDEX.

⁂ ITALICS ARE WOODCUT ILLUSTRATIONS.

Abbeville, 475. „ Peat-beds and Flint-tools of, 476. Abietinæ, 193. Acacia, 318. _Acanthodes_, 126. Acephala of the Oolite, 246. Acephalous or headless Molluscs, 288. Acerites cretaceæ, 283. Acrodus nobilis, 217. Acrogens, 123. Adams, Mr., discoveries of, 391. Adapis, 325. Adelsberg Cave, 430. _Adeona folifera_, 247. Adhémar’s Glacial Hypothesis, 436. Adiantites, 120. Agassiz on Glaciers, 439. Age of Angiosperms, 300. „ Formations, how ascertained, 5. Ailsa Craig, 49. Air Volcano at Turbaco, 61, 63. Albien of D’Orbigny, 300. Albite, 96. Aleutian Isles, 70. Algæ, 103, 114, 123, 309, 336. Alkaline Waters of Plombières, 64. Alleghany Mountains, 75. Alluvial Deposits, 485. Almites Frescii, 203. Alps, upheaval of, 427. Alveolites, 333. Amber, 310, 316, 355. Amblypterus, 146. Amiens, Peat-beds of, 475. _Ammonite, a perfect_, 260. „ _restoration of an_, 216. Ammonites, 11, 12, 207, 212, 214, 246. „ _rostratus_, 292, 294. „ _Turneri_, 215. „ of Jurassic Period, 215. „ rotundus, 263. „ Herveyii, 246. „ Danicus, 311. Amorphozoa, 301. Ancient Glaciers of the Rhine, Linth, and the Reus, 449. Ancient Granite, 31. Ancyloceras, 288. _Andrias Scheuchzeri_, 368. Angiosperms, Age of, 300. „ Seeds, in a Seed-vessel, 283, 300. Animal of the Ohio, 343. „ of Paraguay, 401. Annelides, 126. Anning, Mary, 219, 225. Annularia, 137, 154. „ _orifolia_, 158. Anodon, 120, 334. Anomopteris, 193. Anoplotherium, 319, 323. „ _commune_, 323. Anorthite, 96. Antediluvian Glaciers, 449. „ Man, 367. Anthracite, 72. Antiquity of Man, 469. Antwerp Crag, 373. Ape, 360. Ape, First Appearance of, 349. _Apiocrinites liliiformis_, 261. „ _rotundus_, 261. _Aploceras_, 146. Aptien (Greensand of Apt) Fossils of Havre, of the Isle of Wight, 297. Apuan Alps, 76. _Arborescent Ferns_, 130. Arbroath Paving-stone, 129. Archæopteryx, 265. _Archegosaurus minor_, 154, 158. Arctocyon primævus, 332. Arenicolites, 101. Argile de Dives, 264. „ plastique, 332. Armentaceæ, 297. Arran, Granite of, 38. Artesian Wells, 16, 88. Artificially-formed Coal, 164. _Asaphus caudatus_, 103. Ashburnham Sands, 286. Ashdown Sands, 286. Ashes, Showers of Volcanic, 58. Asiatic Deluge, 423; caused by upheaval of Caucasian Range, 480. Asplenium, 315. Asteracanthus, 266. Asterias lombricalis, 213. Asterophyllites, 120, 154, 158, 173, 177. „ _foliosa_, 157. Atherfield Series of Rocks, 287. Atlantis of Plato, 118, 281. _Atrypa reticularis_, 127. Auchenaspis, 129. Aucolin, 299. Augite, 44. Auvergne, Mountains of, 62. „ Acidulated Springs in, 64. „ Extinct Volcanoes of, 51. Aveyron Savage, 469. Avicula, 189, 205, 252, 272. „ contorta, 207. „ contorta zone, 207. Azores, New Islands formed in the, 70.

Baculites, 289. Bagshot Beds, 332. Bajocien Formation, 249. Bala Beds, 109. Balæna of Monte Pulgnasco, 370. Balænodon Lamanoni, 370. Balistes, or Silurus, 218. Baltic Sea filling up, 282, 490. _Banksia_, 318. Barmouth Sandstone, 101. _Basalt in Prismatic Columns_, 47. Basalt, 44. „ Action of, upon Limestone, 72. „ of Ireland, 48. „ Prismatic Structure of, 49. Basaltic Formations, 44. „ Causeways, 48, 49. „ _Plateau, theoretical view of_, 47. „ Cavern of Staffa, 50. Bat, 326, 338. Bath Oolite, 243, 250. Bathonian Formation, 249. Batrachian Reptiles of Pliocene, 358. Baumann’s Hohl, 429. Bay of Fundy, 159. Beaver, Disappearance of, 184. „ of Post-Pliocene Period, 379. Beds of Coal, Formation of, 159. Bees, 255. _Belemnite restored_, 216. „ of Liassic Period, 217. Belemnites, 212, 215, 260. „ _acutus_, 217. Bellerophon, 108. „ _costatus_, 145. „ _hiulcus_, 145. _Beloptera Sepioidea_, 181, 434. Bembridge Series, 330, 332. Ben Nevis, 90, 182. Bernese Alps, 427. _Beryx Lewesiensis_, 294. Biblical Account of Noachian Deluge, 480. Bidiastopora cervicornis, 246. Bigsby, Dr. J. T., on Silurian Fauna and Flora, 104. Binney, Edw., on Boulder Clay of Lancashire, 462. _Bird of Solenhofen_, 265. „ of Montmartre, 326. Birds, First Appearance of, 193. „ of Eocene Period, 326. „ of Miocene Period, 369. Bison primigenius, 399. „ priscus, 399. Bituminous Fountains, 60. Black Down Beds, 310. Boccaccio’s Giant, 284. Bogs of Denmark, 477. Bone-beds of Rhætic, or Penarth Series, 207. Bone-breccias, 429. Bone Caves, 429. „ „ H. W. Bristow on formation of, 475. _Bos_, 379, 414. „ Pallasii, 399. „ Primigenius, 184. Bracheux Sands, 332. Brachiopoda, 109. „ Abundance of, in Devonian Period, 126. „ in Upper Cretaceous Period, 300. „ Reign of, 126. Brachyphyllum, 249. Bracklesham Beds, 332. Bradford Clay, 250. „ Encrinites, 252. _Branch of Banksia_, 318. „ _Eucalyptus_, 317. Bray Head, 101. Breccia, Ossiferous, 432. Brecciated Limestone, 174, 176. Bridlington Beds, 460. Bristow, H. W., on Formation of Bone Caves, 475. „ on Brixham Bone-cave, 473. „ on Penarth or Rhætic Beds, 207. British Islands at close of Jurassic Period, 274. _British Strata_, Section of, 244. „ Table of, 493-499. Brixham Bone-cave, 473. Brongniart, Ad., on Upper Cretaceous Fauna, 301. Bronze Age, 478. Brumberg Cavern, 432. Buckland, Dr., on Kirkdale Cave, 380. Buffon and Voltaire, 6. „ on Man, 470. „ on Fossils, 6. Bunter Sandstone, 187. Burrh Stone, 355. Butterflies, 255.

Caithness Flags, 128. Calamary, 215, 259. _Calamite restored_, 135. Calamites, 134, 152, 177, 193, 202. „ arenaceus, 194. „ _cannæformis_, 154. „ _Trunk of_, 136. Calcaire de la Beauce, 355. „ Grossier, 325, 332. Calceola Sandalina, 127. Calderas, 70. _Calymene Blumenbachii_, 110. Cambrian Period, 101. „ Fauna, 101. Camper, Pierre, on the Mosasaurus, 304. „ „ „ Œningen Skeleton, 368. Camptopteris crenata, 239. Canstadt Excavations, 386, 396. Cantal Group of Mountains, 43. „ „ „ _a peak of_, 40. Cape Wrath, Granite and Gneiss of, 32. Capitosaurus, 190. Caradoc Beds, 109. Carboniferous Flora, 151. „ „ compared with that of Islands in the Pacific, 151. Carboniferous Limestone, 130, 140. „ Period, 130. „ Vegetation of, 130. „ Climate of, 133. „ Foraminifera of, 143, 146. „ of France, 150. „ Crustaceans of, 141. „ Rocks, 149. „ Seas, 146. Cardiocarpon, 177. Cardium Rhæticum, 207. „ striatulum, 269. Carpinites arenaceus, 283. Carrara Marble, 65, 73, 76, 377. _Caryophylla cyathus_, 356. Causeways, Basaltic, 49. Cave Bear, 395, 473. „ Deposits, 468, 472. „ Hyæna, 398. „ Lion, 398. Caverns, their Origin, 129. Cellaria loriculata, 247. Central Heat of the Earth, 15. „ Increase of in Depth, 16. Central France, Puys of, 51. _Cephalaspis_, 125. Cephalopoda, 108, 127, 215, 301. Ceratites, 189. _Ceratites nodosus_, 189. Cerithium, 333, 334. _Cerithium plicatum_, 350. „ _telescopium_, 335. Cervus megaceros, 184, 400. Cestracion, 218. Cetaceans of Pliocene Period, 369. Cetiosaurus, 256, 265. Chæropotamus, 325. Chætetes, 146. Chalk Formation, 275, 309. „ _Foraminifera of_, 146. Chalk Marl, 309. „ White, 309. „ _of Cattolica, Sicily_, 280. „ _of Gravesend_, 278. „ _of Isle of Moën_, 279. „ _of Meudon_, 277. Chara, 315. Cheirotherium, 13, 21, 190. Chemical Theory of the Earth, 15. Chesil Bank, 270. Chillesford Beds, 372. Chimæra, 218. Chloë, Isle of, 151. Chondrites, 309. Chorda-filum, 124. Christiana Granite and Syenite, 38. Cinder Bed of Purbeck, 272. Cipoline Marble, 76. Cirripedes, 260. Clermont-Ferrand, 51. Climate of the Coal Period, 151. „ Permian Period, 174. _Climatius_, 126. Clinkstone, 43. _Clymenia Sedgwickii_, 127. Coal, 132. „ Formation of, 159. „ Origin of, 159. „ Theories Respecting Formation of, 159. „ _Stratification of Beds of_, 165. „ Quantities annually raised in different Countries, 166. „ Quantity of, in United Kingdom, 167. Coal Measures, 130, 150. „ Composition of, 164. „ Extent of, 166. „ Flora of, 150. „ of Scotland, 167. „ of South Wales, 167. „ of Belgium, 167. „ of France, 167. „ Time of Formation, 132. „ Composition of, 132. _Coal Mines of Treuil_, 160. _Coccosteus_, 125, 142. Cœlacanthus, 175. Composition of Air in Carboniferous Period, 133. Comptonia, 283. Confervæ of the Chalk, 309. Conglomerates, 129. Conifers of Jurassic Period, 249, 269. „ of Cretaceous Period, 283. „ of Eocene Period, 316. „ of Miocene Period, 336. „ of Pliocene Period, 358. _Contortions of Coal Beds_, 167. Conybeare’s Account of Plesiosaurus, 229. Copper Slate, Fossils of, 177. „ „ of Thuringia, 178. Coprolites, Petrified Excrements of Antediluvian Animals, 12, 207, 373. „ _of Ichthyosaurus, enclosing Bones_, 225. „ _of Ichthyosaurus, showing Cast of Intestines_, 225. „ Bed of Cambridge, 309. Coral Rag, 243, 264, 301. Coralline Crag, Corals of, 372. Corals, 141, 205, 240, 247, 263, 266, 301. Cornbrash, 243, 250, 252. Cornstone, 129. Cornwall, Granite of, 38. Coryphodon, 332. Cotham Marble, 208. _Coupe, la, d’Ayzac_, 46, 47. Crag, 372. Creation of Man, 464. „ „ Evidences of, 469. „ World, Scriptural Account of, Defended, 18. Credneria, 283, 297-300. Crematopteris, 163. Cretaceous Period, 275, 306. „ Fauna of, 282, 285, 300. „ Flora of, 282, 300. „ Reptiles of, 285. „ Fishes of, 285, 294. Crinoidea, 127. Crioceras, 288, 297. „ _Duvallii_, 274. Crocodile of Maestricht, 184, 303, 326. Crocodilus Toliapicus, 326. Croll, J., on Till, 457. Crust of the Earth, Composition of, 96. „ Thickness of, 87, 89. „ Temperature of, 88. Crustaceans, 107, 110, 141, 286. „ Predominance of, in Lower Silurian Seas, 107. „ Rarity of in Carboniferous Period, 141. „ of Eocene Period, 326. „ of Miocene Period, 350. Cryptogamia, 187, 194, 203. Crystalline Action, 71. „ Limestone, 174, 176. „ Rocks Defined, 28. Cucumites, 315. Cupanioides, 315. _Cupressocrinus crassus_, 128. Cuvier’s Account of Plesiosaurus, 233. „ Account of Pterodactyle, 33. „ on the Restoration of Extinct Animals, 7. „ on the Destruction of Species, 381. „ on the Mammoth, 396. Cyathophyllum, 146. Cycadeaceæ, 266. Cycads, 239, 249, 270, 283. _Cycas circinalis_, 168. Cypress, 240, 249. Cypris, 272. „ fasciculata, 272. „ _spinigera and C. Valdensis_, 298. _Cyrtoceras depressum_, 176.

Damara, 194. Danian Beds, 309, 311. Danish Peat Mosses and Kjökken Mödden, 477. Dartmoor, Granite of, 36, 37, 79. Darwin, C., on Coral Formations, 263. „ Volcanoes of Quito, 55. Daubeny on Basalt, 44. Davidsonia Verneuilli, 127. Dawkins, W. B., Discoverer of Microlestes, 207. De la Beche on the Plesiosaurus, 229. De Rance, C. E., on Glacial Deposits, 458. Deer, 399. Deluge confirmed by traditions of all Ancient Races, 482. Denudation, 28. Descartes, 15. Destruction of Successive Creations, 184. Devon and Cornwall, Granite of, 38. Devonian Period, 119. „ System, 170. „ Flora, 120. „ _Fishes_, 125. Diameter of the Earth, 87. Diceras Limestone, 265. Dicotyledons, 182, 282. Diluvium, 422, 423. Dinornis, 134, 382. _Dinornis_, 414, 417. Dinotherium, 339, 356. „ _restored_, 340. Diorite, 35. _Diplacanthus_, 126. Dirt-bed, Fossils of, 271. Dodo, 184. Dolomite, 178. Domite, 43. Donati on Fossil Shells, 6. Downs, North and South, 278. Downton Sandstone, 112. _Draco volans_, 238. Draconidæ, 237. Dragon Fly, 243, 255. Dragons of Mythology, 237, 361. Drifted Rocks, 27. Drôme, the, 299. Dryopithecus, 350, 353. Dykes, 27.

Early Geologists, 5. Earth, Cooling of the, 80. „ Theories of the Origin of the, 6. „ _in a Gaseous State_, 81. Earth’s Crust, Thickness of, 89. „ Surface, Changes of, 3. Earthy Limestone, 281. Ebur Fossile, 386. Echinoderms, 189, 213, 247, 261, 297, 300, 301, 326. Edentates, 382, 400, 407. Ehrenberg’s Microscopic Investigations, 277. Electric Currents, Action of, 79. Elephant of the Ohio, 343, 347. Elephants, Fossil, 386. Elephants’ Cemetery at Canstadt, 386. Elephas meridionalis, 372. „ primigenius, 347, 382, 383. Emys, 265, 319. Encrinites, 127, 173, 181, 196, 252. „ Abundance of during Devonian Period, 120. _Encrinus liliiformis_, 190, 261. Entalophora cellarioides, 246. Eocene Strata of France and England, 329. Eocene, 314. „ Period, 315. „ Vegetation, 315. „ Fauna, Seas, 319, 329. „ Characters of, 330. „ Table of Strata, 330. Epilogue, 489. Epiornis, 184, 382, 417. Equiseta (Horse-tails), 134, 202, 203, 239, 315. Erratic Blocks, 424. „ _of the Alps_, 448. _Eruption of Granite_, 92. Eruptive Rocks, 4, 27, 30, 31. „ Plutonic Eruptions, 31. „ Volcanic „ 51. _Eryon arctiformis_, 260. Erymanthean Boar, 184. Estimated Coal Measures of the World, 166. Etheridge, R., on Devonian and Old Red Sandstone, 129. Etna, Volcano of Mount, 56, 68. _Eucalyptus_, 317. Eunomia radiata, 247, 252. Europe at Close of Cretaceous Period, 311. „ „ Pliocene Period, 377. European Deluge, 378, 422. Eurypterus, 110. „ _remipes_, 111. _Exogyra conica_, 294, 311. Expansion of the Earth at the Equator, 84. Extinct Volcanoes of Auvergne, 51. Eye of Ichthyosaurus, 220.

Falconer, Dr., on Brixham Cave, 473. Faluns, 355. „ of Paris Basin, 356. Fans, of Brecon, 128. Fault, a Dislocation of Strata, 71. Fauna, Definition of Term, 4. „ Devonian, 129. „ Neocomian, 287. „ of Permian Period, 183. „ of the Middle Oolite, 255. „ of the Upper Oolite, 265. „ of Cretaceous Period, 285, 294. „ of Eocene Period, 319. „ of Pliocene Period, 358. „ of Miocene Period, 339. Faxoe Beds, 309. Felis spelæa, 398. Felspar, composition of, 96. Fenestrella retiformis, 175. Ferns, 130, 134, 140, 176, 193, 239, 248, 282, 315. Fingal’s Cave, Staffa, 49, 50. Fisher, Rev. O., on Chillesford Clay, 372. „ on Warp and Trail, 461. Fishes, Silurian, 107. „ Bones of, 112. „ of Devonian Period, 125. „ of Carboniferous Period, 146. „ of Oolitic Seas, 266. „ of Cretaceous Seas, 285, 294. „ of Eocene Period, 326. „ of Miocene Period, 339. _Fissurella nembosa_, 463. _Fissures near Locarno_, 57. Flabellaria, 315, 329, 336. „ Chamæropifolia, 288. Flint-tools in peat-beds, 475. Flints, 281. Flora of Upper Cretaceous Period, 309. „ of Devonian Period, 120. „ of Cretaceous Period, 282. „ of Tertiary Period, 313. „ of Eocene Period, 329. „ of Triassic Period, 194. „ of Miocene Period, 326, 353, 381. „ of Carboniferous Period, 135. „ of Permian Period, 174, 183. „ of Pliocene Period, 381. „ of Upper Oolite Period, 266. Fluvio-marine Crag, 372. Foliation, Cause of, 77. Footprints in Rocks, 121, 173, 190, 196, 269. „ at Corncockle Moor, 13. Foraminifera, 146, 313, 326. „ _of the Chalk_, 146, 276, 286. „ _of the Mountain Limestone_, 146. Forbes (Professor Ed.) on the Pliocene Marine Fauna, 374. Forest-bed of Norfolk, 372, 418. Forest Marble, 243, 250, 252. _Formation of Primitive Granite_, 90. Fossil, Term Defined, 4. „ Bones, 4, 5. „ Uses of, 5. „ Condition of, 11. „ Footprints, 13. „ Species, relations of, to existing Species, 11. „ Ivory of Siberia, 388. „ _Palms restored_, 284. „ Shells, 4. „ Fishes, 175. „ Leeches, 217. „ Licorn, 398. „ Unicorn, 386. Fossils of Permian Formation, 173. „ of Keuper Formation, 201. „ of Upper Oolite, 265. „ of Neocomian Beds, 297. „ of Orgonian Beds, 297. „ of Aptien Beds, 297. „ of the Glauconie, 300. „ of Calcaire Grossier, 332. „ of Muschelkalk, 189. „ of New Red Sandstone, 187. „ of Argile Plastique, 332. Fournet on the Drôme, 299. „ on Eruptions of Granite, &c., 36. „ on Eruptions of Gas and Water, 64. Fox of Œningen, 338. _Fucoids_, 123. Fuller’s Earth, 243, 250. _Fusulina cylindrica_, 143. Future of the Earth and Man considered, 489.