Part 40

+-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ | | SUBDIVISIONS. | FOREIGN | ORIGIN. | COMMERCIAL | | | | EQUIVALENTS.| | PRODUCTS. | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ | | Blown Sand. | | | Peat. | | | Raised | | | Amber. | | | Beaches. | Mud of the | | Gold, Dia- | |POST | Alluvium. | Nile. | | monds, and | |PLIOCENE. | Brick Earth. |Loess of the | Various. | other Gems | | | River Gravel. | Rhine. | | derived | | | Cave Deposits.| | | from the | | | Glacial De- | | | older de- | | | posits. | | | posits. | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ |PLIOCENE. | Crags. |Sub-Apennine | Marine | Phosphatic | | | | Strata. | | Nodules. | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ | | Leaf Beds and | Molasse. | | | |MIOCENE. | Lignite. | Faluns of | and | Pipeclay. | | | | Touraine. | | | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ | | Upper Eocene. | Calcaire | Freshwater. | Sand, Brown | | | Bagshot Beds. | Grossier. | | Coal, Pipe- | |EOCENE. | London Clay. | Nummulitic | Estuarine | clay, Cement | | | Reading Beds, | Limestones | and |Stone, Bricks,| | | &c. |(European and| Marine. | and Pottery. | | | | Asiatic). | | | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ | | White and |{Maestricht | | Flints from | |UPPER | Grey Chalk. |{Beds. | | Up. Chalk. | |CRETACEOUS. | Upper Green- |{Senonien | | Phosphate of | | | sand. |{Turonien. | Marine and | Lime. | | | Gault. }| | Freshwater | Iron Pyrites.| |LOWER | Lower Green- }|Albien. | (Wealden). | Sandy Iron- | |CRETACEOUS. | sand. }|Aptien. | | stones. | | | Wealden Beds,}|Neocomian. | | Building | | | &c. }| | | Stone. | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ |UPPER |{Purbeck. | |Estuarine and | | |OOLITIC. |{Portland and | | Marine. | | | |{Kimeridge. | | | Coal, Jet, | |MIDDLE | Coral Rag & | | | Iron Ores, | |OOLITIC. | Oxford Clay. | | | Roofing | | |{Cornbrash. | | | Slates, | | |{Forest Marble | Jura | | Building | | |{and Great | Formation. | Marine. | Stones, and | |LOWER |{Oolite. | | | Flags. | |OOLITIC. |{Stonesfield | | | Alum Shales. | | |{Slate. | | | Hydraulic | | |{Inferior | | | Limestones. | | |{Oolite. | | | | | | Lias. | | | | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ | | Rhætic. | | | | | | New Red Marl, | | | Gypsum. | |KEUPER. | Sandstone, | Muschelkalk | Inland Seas. | Rock Salt. | | | and Conglom- | absent in | | Building | |BUNTER. | erate. | British | Salt Lakes. | Stones. | | | Sandstone & | Isles. | | | | | Pebble Beds. | | | | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ | | Red Marls and | | | | |MAGNESIAN | Magnesian | | | | |LIMESTONE. | Limestone. | Zechstein. | | | | | Red Marl, | Kupfer- | Marine. | Building | |LOWER | Sandstone, | schiefer. | | Stones. | |PERMIAN. | and Conglom- |Rothliegende.| | | | | erate. | | | | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ | | Coal Measures.| Carboni- | | Coal, Anthra-| | | Millstone | ferien. | | cite. | |CARBONIFER- | Grit. | | Terrestrial | Iron and Lead| |OUS. | Yoredale | | and | Ores. | | | Rocks. | | Marine. | Bldng. Stone,| | | Mountain Lime-| | | Marble. | | | stone. | | | Oil Springs. | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ | | | | | Ornamental | |DEVONIAN | Devonian | | | Marbles. | |AND | Slates and | Eifel | Marine And | Serpentine & | |OLD RED SAND-| Limestones. | Limestone. | Freshwater. | Slates. | |STONE. | Old Red Sand- | | | Tin, Copper, | | | stone, &c. | | | Lead, Silver | | | | | | Ores, &c. | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ | {| Ludlow. | | | | |UPPER SILU- {| Wenlock. | | | | |RIAN. {| Upper | | | Roofing | | {| Llandovery. | | | Slates. | | |{Lower | | Marine. | Building | | |{Llandovery. | | | Stones. | |LOWER SILU- |{Bala and Cara-| | | Gold & other | |RIAN. |{doc. | | | Metals. | | |{Llandeilo. | | | | | |{Lingula Flags.| Primordial | | | | |{ | Zone. | | | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ | | Harlech Grits.| | | Roofing | |CAMBRIAN. | Llanberis | Huronian of | Marine. | Slates. | | | Slates. | America. | | Gold & other | | | | | | Metals. | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ | | Gneiss | | | | | | of the Outer | Labradorite | | Serpentine. | |LAURENTIAN. | Hebrides, and | Series in | Marine. | Graphite. | | | N.W. Coast of | Canada. | | | | | Scotland. | | | | +-------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+--------------+ | | |METAMORPHIC ROCKS (_of all ages_):-- | | Gneiss, Mica-schist, Quartzite, Talcose-schist, &c. (Serpentine | | probably?) | | | |INTRUSIVE ROCKS (_of all ages_):-- | | Lavas, Basalt, Trachyte, Pitchstone, &c. | | Granite, Syenite, Greenstone, Felstone, Porphyrites, Melaphyres, | | Mica-Traps, &c. &c. | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

EXTENSION OF THE PREVIOUS TABLE.

/ / / / Blown Sand and Shingle. | | | | Alluvium and River Deltas. | | | | Burtle Beds of Somerset. | | | RECENT AND | Clay, with Scrobicularia of Pagham, | | | PRE- < Morecombe, &c. | | | HISTORIC. | Submerged Forests of Bristol | | | | Channel, &c. | | | | Peat Bogs of Ireland and Peat Beds | P | | \ of England. | O | | | S | | / Raised Beaches. | T | | | / Cave Earth and Loam. | | PLEIS- | | Cave Deposits< Stalagmite and Bone- | T | TOCENE, | | \ breccia. | E < OR < | River Gravels, Brick Earths, and | R | QUATER- | Post < Freshwater Clays, with Mammalian | T | NARY. | Glacial | Remains. | I | | | Gravels of Bedford Levels, Salisbury, | A | | | and other Old Valley Gravels and | R | | | Alluvia. | Y | | \ Tufa and Shell-marl. | . | | | | | / Kaimes or Kames of Scotland. | | | | Eskers or Escars of Ireland. | | | Glacial < Drift (Upper Boulder Clay or Till, | | | | Marine Gravels, Lower Till and A | | | | Moraines), Scotch and Welsh, G | | | \ Loess of the Rhine, &c. E | | | | \ \ Pre-glacial Forest Bed of Norfolk Shore. O | F | / \ / \ _Norwich and_ | | | | Mammaliferous | _Chillesford_ M < | | | Crag > _Crag_ A | | PLIOCENE. > Crag < Red Crag | (Newer M | | | | / Pliocene). M | | | | Coralline Crag (_Suffolk Crag_) A | | / \ (Older Pliocene). L | K | S | A | / Leaf Bed of Mull. . | I | MIOCENE. < Lignite of Antrim. | N | \ Bovey Beds, with Lignite. | O | | Z | / / / Corbula Beds. \ F | O | | | Hempstead < Upper \ Freshwater and | l | I | | | Beds | Middle > Estuary | u | O | | UPPER < \ Lower / Marls. | v S | , | | EO- | | i e | | | CENE. | Bembridge / Bembridge Marls. | o r | O < | \ Beds \ „ Limestone. > - i | R | | | M e | | | / Osborne / St. Helen’s Sands. | a s | T | | | Beds \ Nettlestone Grits. | r . | E | E | | | i | R | O | | / Upper \ | n | T | C | | Headon < Middle > Headon Beds. | e | I | E < MIDDLE< Beds \ Lower / / | A | N | EO- | | R | E | CENE. | / Upper Bagshot Sand. | Y | . | | | Middle „ / Barton Clay. | . | | | Bagshot < \ Bracklesham Beds. | | | | Beds | Lower „ Sand and Pipeclay, | | | \ \ with Plants. | | | | | | / / London Clay and Bognor Beds (Upper | | | | | London Tertiaries). | | | LOWER < London < Oldhaven Beds. \ | | | EO- | Tertiaries | Woolwich and Reading Beds | | | | CENE. | | (Plastic Clay). > Lower \ \ \ \ \ Thanet Beds. / do.

/ / C / / Upper Chalk, with Layers of Flint | | R | | (Maestricht and Faxoe Beds). | | E | Chalk. < Lower Chalk, without Flints. | | U T | | Chalk Marl. | | P A< \ Chloritic Marl. | | P C | | | E E | Upper Greensand (Fire-stone of | | R O | Surrey, Malm-rock), &c. | | U | | C | S \ Gault. | R | . | E | L / / / / Folkestone Beds (Sand). | T | O | | | Lower | Sandgate Beds (with Fullers’ | A | W O | | | Green-< Earth). | C < E R | | | sand. | Hythe Beds (with Kentish Rag and | E | R | | N | | Bargate Stone). | O | N | | e | \ Atherfield Clay. | U | C E | | o | | S | R O | W | c | / Weald Clay (with Sussex or Bethers- | . | E C< e | o< \ den Marble and Horsham Stone). | | T O | a | m | | | A M | l< i | / Upper Tunbridge Wells \ | | C I | d | a | | Sand. | Tunbridge | | E A | e | n | Has- | Grinstead Clay. > Wells | | O N | n | . | tings < Lower Tunbridge Wells | Beds. | | U . | . | | Sands. | Sand. / | | S | | | | Wadhurst Clay (with Iron Ore). | | , | | | | Ashdown Sands. | \ \ | \ \ Ashburnham Beds. | | | / / O / | Pur- / Upper (with Purbeck Marble).\ Pur- | | | U O | | beck. < Middle. >beck | | | P L | \ \ Lower (with Dirt Beds). / Beds. | | | P I< | | | E T | / Portland Stone. | | | R E | Portland. < Portland Sand. | | | . | | Kimeridge Clay (with Bituminous | | | \ \ Shale). | | | | | | M O / Coralline / Upper Calcareous Grit. M | | | I O | Oolite. < Coral Rag (with Iron Ore). E | | | D L< \ Lower Calcareous Grit. S | | | D I | O | | O | L T | Oxford Clay. / Oxford Clay and Z | | O | E E \ \ Kellaways Rock. O | | L | . I | | I | / / Cornbrash. C | J | T | | Forest Marble. < Forest Marble and Bradford Clay , | U | I | | \ (with Encrinites). | R | C | | O | A | < | / Great or Bath Oolite (with “Ful- R< S | S | | | lers’ Earth” at base, in S. of | S | E | | Great Oolite. < England). S | I | R | | | Stonesfield Slate, near the base, E | C< I | L | \ in part of S. of England. C | | E | O | O | S | S | W | / Upper Fullers’ Earth (Clay). N | E | . | E | Fullers’ Earth.< Fullers’ Earth Rock (Limestone). D | R | | R | \ Lower Fullers’ Earth (Clay). A | I | | | R | E | | O < / Northampton Sand (with Iron Ore, Y | S | | O | | in N. Oxfordshire and S. . | . | | L | | Northamptonshire). | | | I | | Ragstone and Clypeus Bed.\ Chel- | | | T | | Upper Freestone. | ten- | | | E | Inferior < Oolite Marl. > ham | | | . | Oolite. | Lower Freestone. | Sec- | | | | | Pea Grit. / tions. | | | | | (Colleyweston Slate, at the base | | | | | of the Limestone, in Lincoln- | | | | | shire). | | \ | \ Sands. | | AGE OF / | L / | |REPTILES, | | i | Upper Lias. Clay and Shale. | |OR SAURO-< | a < Middle Lias, or Marlstone (Rock Bed, with Iron | | ZOIC | | s | Ore, Sand, &c.). | \ EPOCH. \ \ . \ Lower Lias. Clay, Shale, and Limestone. | | / T / / / “White Lias,” Avicula contorta | | R | | Rhætic, or < Beds, with Koessen Beds. | | I | | Penarth Beds. | Bone Beds of Aust, &c. | | A | | \ _St. Cassian and Hallstadt Beds._ | | S | U T | | P | , | P R | / Red variegated Marl and Upper | O | | P I < | Keuper Sandstone (with Gypsum and | I | O | E A | | Rock Salt). | K | R | R S | Keuper. < Lower Keuper Sandstone and Marl | I | | . | | (Waterstones). | L | N | | | Dolomitic Conglomerate (of Keuper | I | E | | | Age, Somerset, Gloucester, and S. | T | W | \ \ Wales). | I< < | C | R | M T / | | E | I R | | S | D | D I < _Muschelkalk, absent in Britain._ | E | | D A | | R | S | L S | | I | A | E . \ | E | N | | S | D | L T / | . | S | O R | / Upper Red and Mottled Sandstone. | | T | W I < Bunter. < Pebble Beds, Calcareous Con- | | O | E A | | glomerate, and Breccia. | | N | R S | \ Lower Red and Mottled Sandstone. | | E | . \ \ \ . \