ii. 377;

identity of essence of man and the brutes, i. 192; difference between man and brutes, i. 46‐48, 110‐112, 170, 171, 230, 384, 385, ii. 228‐233, 358, iii. 14‐17, 380, 381; transcendent unity of human race, iii. 75, 76; turning‐point of will to live, i. 491 _seq._, iii. 381, 426; origin of, iii. 358; gradual degradation of, ii. 362.

Manichæans, iii. 305.

Mannerists, i. 304, 305.

Manzoni, ii. 352.

Marcionists, iii. 305, 438, 442, 443.

Marcus Aurelius, ii. 356, iii. 323.

Marriage, iii. 333, 334, 336‐375.

Materialism, i. 34 _seq._, ii. 175 _seq._, iii. 60‐64, 261, 262.

Mathematics, scientific nature of, i. 81, 82; ground of certainty of, i. 157, ii. 268; and genius, i. 246, 247; method of, i. 95 _seq._; and logic, ii. 202; value of, ii. 323.

Matter, i. 10‐13, 175, 275, 276, ii. 79, 103, 104, 218‐224, iii. 48‐54.

Maupertius, ii. 225.

Maximus of Tyre, ii. 264.

Maxwell, iii. 450.

Mâyâ, i. 9, 21, 425, 454, 455, 471, 478, 481, 482, 489, 490, 514, 515, ii. 8, 10, 108 n., iii. 69, 418.

Mechanics, iii. 37, 39, 43 _seq._

Medwin, iii. 160 n.

Meister, J. C. F., ii. 152.

Melancholy, i. 512.

Melissus, ii. 264.

Memnon, ii. 198.

Memory, as a function of intellect, ii. 335, iii. 300; difference between that of men and brutes, ii. 229, 230; the influences acting upon, i. 30, 248‐251, ii. 200, 334, 438 _seq._

Menenius Agrippa, i. 311.

_Mens_ as opposed to _animus_, ii. 458.

Menu, laws of, i. 433, 501 n., iii. 465.

Merck, ii. 446, iii. 200.

Metaphysics, i. 107, ii. 20, 359‐395 iii. 40.

Metempsychosis, doctrine of, i. 458‐460, iii. 300‐306, 417, 418.

Method, i. 100, 108, ii. 53, 210, 259, 309, 310, 393.

Metre, i. 314, ii. 205‐207.

Mind, presence of, ii. 430.

Minor key, i. 337, iii. 243, 244.

Missionaries, i. 460.

Mnemonics, ii. 325.

Modality, categories of, ii. 66‐75.

Modesty, i. 303, iii. 202, 203.

Mohammedanism, ii. 361, 362, iii. 423, 433, 472.

Molinos, iii. 434, 435, 435 n.

Molock, ii. 243.

Monarchy, i. 443, iii. 410.

Monasticism, i. 499, iii. 448.

Mongolian race, iii. 58.

Montaigne, i. 463 n., ii. 315, 465, iii. 378.

Montalembert, iii. 435.

Montanists, iii. 438.

Monuments, value of historical, iii. 229.

Moon, æsthetic effect of, iii. 136.

Morality, i. 343, 477, iii. 405, 415, 423‐428 (Cf. _Ethics_).

Morphology, i. 124, 125, 183.

Mortality, iii. 301‐302.

Motives, Motivation, what they determine, i. 138, 212, 213, iii. 115; what imparts power to, iii. 97; intellectual condition of action of, i. 380, 381; influence of nearness upon strength of, ii. 346; influence upon intellect, ii. 436; distinguished from instinct, iii. 97; intellect as medium of, i. 199, ii. 336, 485, iii. 21 _seq._

Movement, i. 194, ii. 226, 227, 483, 484, iii. 39.

Mozart, iii. 163.

Müller, ii. 479.

Multiplicity, i. 145, 146, 166, 167, iii. 69 _seq._, 274, 275.

Münchhausen, Baron, i. 34, ii. 278.

Murder, i. 432, iii. 413, 414.

Music, metaphysics of, i. 330‐346, iii. 231‐248.

Mysteries essential to religion, ii. 367, 368, iii. 430.

Mysticism, Mystics, i. 499, 500, iii. 430 n., 430‐434.

Nakedness, i. 296.

Nature, what it means, iii. 1; works of nature and works of art, iii. 1, 69, 70, 79; inner nature of, i. 140 _seq._, 148, 152 _seq._, iii. 32, 33, 39; perfection of works of, iii. 69, 70; the circle of, iii. 267; grades of, i. 195 _seq._, 202‐206; continuity of, ii. 232, iii. 36, 85; the conflict in, i. 191, 210, 211; design of, i. 201‐211, 77 _seq._, 95; relation to species and individual, i. 356, 425, 426, iii. 194, 277, 278, 396; æsthetic effect of, i. 255, iii. 173, 174; naïveté of, i. 203, 204, 356, 362, 423, 491, iii. 380; moral quality of, i. 518, iii. 106; laws of, i. 126, 172, 175 _seq._., 183; forces of, i. 126, 162, 169‐182, 202, ii. 217, 218, iii. 73, 259; investigator of, ii. 318, 319, 383.

Necessity, origin and meaning of conception, i. 97; relation to the actual and possible, ii. 72 _seq._; relation to contingent, ii. 67, 68; as opposed to freedom, iii. 67, 69; absolute necessity, 70.

Nerves, i. 131, ii. 173, 185, 481‐485.

Newton, Isaac, i. 26, 64, 160, 165, 245, ii. 226, 268, 338.

Nirvana, i. 460, iii. 308 n., 374, 427, 428.

Nitzsch, iii. 269.

Noise, ii. 198, 199, iii. 450.

Nominalism, ii. 85, iii. 125.

νοουμενον and Φαινομενον, i. 93, ii. 85.

Nothing, relativity of conception, i. 528, iii. 272.

Nourishment, i. 357.

Numenius, ii. 98.

νους, ii. 459, iii. 390.

_Nunc stans_, the, i. 227, 361 n., iii. 381.

Object, conditioned by subject, i. 3, 6, 16, _seq._, 123, 124, ii. 166‐169, 170, 173, 179, 381.

Objectification, i. 130, 166‐163, ii. 468.

Objectivity, of genius and in art, i. 240, 321, 324, ii. 417, iii. 144, 210.

Obscurantism, iii. 328, 329.

Obry, iii. 303, 308 n.

Ocelius Lucanus, 113.

Opera, iii. 92, 233, 234.

Optimism, i. 420, ii. 391, iii. 390‐397, 436, 443, 449, 471 _seq._

Organism, ii. 468, iii. 77 _seq._

Original sin, iii. 306, 421 _seq._, 426.

Orpheus, iii. 303, 427, 433, 443.

Osiander, i. 151.

Ossian, i. 324.

Ought, the absolute, i. 350, ii. 144.

Oum, iii. 430, 430 n.

Oupnekhat, i. 459, 501, iii. 425 n. 432, 433.

Ovid, 1. 396, 410.

Owen, R., ii. 131, 203 n., iii. 82, 86, 91.

Pæstum, iii. 185.

Pain, i. 386, 410, 412, 413, iii. 384, 385.

Paine, T., i. 231.

Painting, i. 282‐292, 297‐301, 306‐310, iii. 193, 196‐198.

Palingenesis, iii. 300, 301.

Pander, ii. 318.

Pantheism, iii. 106, 114, 403, 404, 471‐475.

Paracelsus, Theophrastus, iii. 280, 362.

Parmenides, i. 141, 425.

Parody, ii. 275, 276.

Particles, logical, ii. 288, 315.

Pascal, i. 476, iii. 435.

Passions, ii. 216, iii. 406, 407.

Past, the, i. 359, 360.

Pedantry, i. 78, ii. 250 _seq._

Pelagianism, i. 525, ii. 368, 369, iii. 422, 448.

Penitentiary system, i. 404, iii. 412.

Perception, intellectuality of, i. 14‐16, ii. 40, 174, 185, 192; share of senses and brain in, ii. 185; object of, i. 7, ii. 40; relation to thing in itself, ii. 174, 401; significance for knowledge, science, art, philosophy, and virtue, ii. 244‐269, iii. 131, 141 _seq._

Perfection, ii. 15.

Peripatetics, ii. 137, 145.

Permanence of substance, ii. 78.

Perpetual motion, ii. 65, iii. 395.

Pessimism, can be demonstrated, iii. 395; the ground of distinction among religions, ii. 372 _seq._; of the most significant religions, i. 420, iii. 423; of great men of all ages, iii. 398 _seq._

_Petitio principii_, definition of, ii. 308.

Petit‐Thouars, Admiral, iii. 55.

Petrarch, i. 487, 512, ii. 313, iii. 210, 363, 369, 370, 386.

Petronius, ii. 130.

Pettigrew, i. 178 n.

Phidias, iii. 195.

Philosopher, the, nature of, i. 21, 109, ii. 319, 359, 360, iii. 146, 147; distinguished from poet, iii. 146, 147; distinguished from sophist, ii. 362, 363.

Philosophy, source of, 1. 135, ii. 359‐361, 374; task of, i. 107, 168, 350, 352, 495; distinguished from science, i. 107, ii. 317; as opposed to theology, ii. 367, 395, iii. 431, 453; relation to art, iii. 176, 177; relation to history, iii. 223; method of, ii. 53, 210, 259, 393; division of, i. 349; cause of small progress of, ii. 395; limits of, ii. 362, 363, 27, 405; professors of, ii. 362, 363.

Phlegmatic temperament, iii. 18, 161.

Physics, subject of, ii. 375; relation to metaphysics, ii. 376‐384, iii. 40.

Physiognomy, i. 74, 74 n.

Physiology, i. 125, ii. 317, iii. 38.

Pico de Mirandula, ii. 240.

Pictet, iii. 304.

Picturesque, iii. 130.

Pindar, i. 21.

Pitt, iii. 324.

Plagiarism, ii. 225, 226.

Plants, chief characteristics of, i. 357, ii. 29; inner nature of, i. 152, iii. 34‐36; distinguished from animals, i. 25, 150, iii. 13; form and physiognomy of, i. 203, 204; metamorphosis of, iii. 85; æsthetic effect of, i. 260, 288, 289.

Platner, ii. 270.

Plato, on _a priori_ knowledge, ii. 201; on being and becoming, i. 9; relation to Giordano Bruno, ii. 114 n.; figure of the cave, i. 311, ii. 8; improper use of conceptions, ii. 211, 261, 264; his Dæmon, i. 349; his dialectic, ii. 309; source of error, i. 103; errors in syllogistic reasoning, i. 93; his ethics, i. 114, ii. 145, 149, 348; ευκολος and δυσκολος, i. 407; hope the dream of waking, ii. 431; his Ideas, i. 168, 220, 273, ii. 85, 99, 322, iii. 123, 274, 275; on love, iii. 338; on materialism, ii. 176; on mathematics, 323; on metempsychosis, 303; his method, i. 239; on music, i. 336; on nature of nothing, i. 529; on the nature of the philosopher, i. 21, 41, 109, 143; ii. 369, 374; on plants, iii. 34; on punishment, i. 451; on reason, ii. 141; on science, i. 83; on sensual pleasure, iii. 349, 369; his world of shadows, ii. 10; on existence of soul, ii. 102; his theism, ii. 98.

Pliny, iii. 378, 400, 451.

Plotinus, ii. 218, iii. 51, 54, 432.

Plouquet, i. 55.

Plutarch, ii. 98, 319, iii. 124, 271 399.

Poaching, a positive, not a moral fault, iii. 411, 412.

Poet, the, grade; of, iii. 202; marks of genuine, iii. 207; bad influence of mediocre, i. 317 n.; distinguished from philosopher, iii. 146, 147.

Poetical justice, i. 328

Poetry, i. 313‐330, iii. 38, 200‐219.

Point, extensionless, ii. 223; immovable, ii. 219.

Polarity, i. 187.

Polier, Mme. de, i. 492, 501 n., ii 109.

Position, i. 9.

Possibility, ii. 69, 72.

Pouchet, iii. 56.

Poussin, i. 306.

Praxiteles, iii. 195.

Predestination, i. 378, ii. 149.

Pre‐existence, iii. 253, 254.

Prejudice, ii. 268.

Preller, ii. 357.

Present, the, i. 358‐360, iii. 271, 271 n.

Priestley, i. 373, ii. 111, 224, 225, iii. 46.

Priests, i. 466 n., ii. 362.

_Principium individuationis_, i. 145, 146, 166, 454 _seq._, 481, iii. 274, 417, 418.

Principle of sufficient reason, is _a priori_, i. preface xi., 6, iii. 469; sphere of validity of, i. 7, 16, 17, 41, 106, iii. 405, 469; importance of, i. 96, 107, ii. 316; indemonstrable nature of, i. 96, 106; fourfold root of, i. 7 (Cf. _Appendix_ to vol. iii.)

Property, right of, i. 432, 433 n., iii. 411.

Prose, as distinguished from poetry, i, 313, iii. 204‐206.

Protestantism. See _Catholicism_.

Prudence, i. 27, 245, 456.

Psychology, ii. 412‐467.

Punishment, distinguished from revenge, i. 449; end of, i. 448‐450, iii. 412, 413; measure of, iii. 413, 414.

Pyramids, i. 267, iii. 229.

Pythagoras, iii. 303.

Pythagoreans, i. 33, 86, 92, 95, 188, 343, ii. 319, iii. 95, 124, 427, 442, 452.

Quality, of judgments ii. 57, 87; as determination of matter, iii. 54; natural forces as _qualitates occultæ_, i. 126, 162, 170, 182, ii. 376.

_Quid pro quo_, i. 79.

Quieter of will, i. 301, 326, 327, 367, 396, 489, 490.

Quietism, iii. 433‐435,

Rabelais, iii. 437.

Radius, Justus, ii. 191.

Rameau, i. 58.

Rancé, Abbé, i. 510, iii. 455.

Raphael, i. 295, 300, 531, iii. 162.

Rationalism in theology, ii. 369.

Reading, disadvantage of much, ii. 253‐255.

Realism, ii. 85, iii. 125.

Reality, definition, i. 30; the present is the form of, i. 359, 360, iii. 271 n.; of external world, i. 22, 23, ii. 169, 184.

Reason, the word, i. 48, ii. 141, 241; function of, i. 50, ii. 137; theoretical and practical, i. 30, 113, ii. 138, 139, 345; iii. 408; prerogative of man, i. 46‐48, 110‐112, 384, 385, ii. 228‐233, iii. 380, 381; relation of language to, i. 47‐51, ii. 238; advantages and disadvantages, i. 45, 47, 68‐75, ii. 234‐243, 345 _seq._; compatible with want of understanding and with moral badness, ii. 136; opposed to revelation, ii. 142; Kant’s Ideas of, i. 169, ii. 96‐100; ideal of, ii. 125‐133; principle of, ii. 90‐96.

Reflection, definition, i. 46; relation to perceptive knowledge, ii. 54 _seq._

Reflex movements, ii. 483‐484.

Reid, Dr. Thomas, ii. 189, 191, 207, 240.

Reil, i. 140, 159.

Religion, significance of, ii. 367 _seq._; value of, ii. 370; fundamental distinction between, ii. 372 _seq._; mysteries essential to, ii. 367; demoralising influence of, i. 466 n.; conflict with culture and science, ii. 370; philosophy of, ii. 370 (Cf. _Buddhism_, _Brahmanism_, _Christianity_, _Judaism_, and _Mohammedanism_).

Repentance, i. 382, iii. 406, 407.

Reproduction. See _Generation_.

Republics tend to anarchy, i. 443.

Resignation. See _Will, denial of_.

Resolve, i. 387.

Revenge, distinguished from punishment, i. 449; relation to wickedness, i. 470; a characteristic of human nature which is not to be confounded with revenge, i. 462.

Rhetoric, i. 63, ii. 285, 286, 305, 306.

Rhyme. See _Poetry_.

Rhythm, in music, i. 339 _seq._ See _Poetry_.

Richter, Jean Paul, ii. 22, 198, 270, 283, iii. 141, 143, 145.

Right, negative nature of conception, i. 437, 444; independent of State, i. 439, iii. 409; positive i. 444, 446; of property, i. 432 433 n., iii. 411.

Ritter, ii. 357.

Romantic, distinguished from classical, iii. 209.

Rösch, ii. 478, 480.

Rosenkranz, i. 203 n., ii. 29, 36, 117, 120, 121, 146‐148, 204 n., 212, 217, 225, 377.

Rosini, ii. 447.

Rousseau, i. 247, 343, ii. 136, 353, iii. 106, 325, 338, 397.

Ruins, sublime effect of, i. 267; analogous to _cadenza_ in music, iii. 241.

Ruisdael, i. 255.

St. Hilaire, August, iii. 55.

St. Hilaire, Geoffroi, ii. 318, iii. 82.

Sakya Muni, iii. 168, 434.

Salvation, the way of, iii. 460‐467.

Sangermano, iii. 301, 308 n.

Sannyasis, i. 496, ii. 352.

Saphir, ii. 274.

Sceptics, i. 123, 124.

Schelling, i. 187, ii. 22, 31, 116, 169, 176, 236, 261, iii. 62, 471.

Schiller, i. 79, 318, ii. 148, 276, 321, iii. 215, 217.

Schleiermacher, i. 67, 262, iii. 394.

Schlegel, iii. 75.

Schmidt, J. J., ii. 371, iii. 308 n.

Schnürrer, iii. 301.

Scholastics, Scholasticism, i. 82, 146, 162, 198 n., ii. 12, 13, 35, 100, 125, 126, iii. 125.

Scholiast, ii. 319.

Schultz, ii. 480.

Schulze, ii. 312.

Science, nature of, i. 36, 58, 80‐90, 105, 106, 229, 238, ii. 53, 252, 267.

Scott, Sir Walter, ii. 427, 457, iii. 328, 386, 399.

Scopas, iii. 195.

Sculpture, as opposed to painting, i. 292, iii. 193; æsthetic effect of, iii. 200, 201; significance of drapery in, i. 296; antique, i. 309, iii. 194, 195; modern, iii. 195.

Secundus, Johannes, iii. 195.

Selfishness. See _Egoism_.

Self‐knowledge, ii. 423.

Self‐renunciation, meaning of, iii. 423; the appearance of freedom in the phenomenon, i. 388, 389.

Seneca, i. 75, 246, 379, ii. 149, 234, 347, 350, 355‐358, 458.

Sensation, ii. 186‐191.

Senses, ii. 193‐200.

Sensibility, i. 13.

Sentimentality, i. 512, 513.

Serenity, i. 422, iii. 376.

Seriousness, as the opposite of laughter, ii. 280; as determining the tendency of life, iii. 149.

Sex, degree of, iii. 356.

Sextus Empiricus, i. 62, 93, 343, ii. 127.

Sexual impulse, difference between man and brute with reference to, i. 171, iii. 309; significance and power of, i. 423, 425, 310, 312‐314, 376; physiological correlative of, iii. 314; its relation to happiness of life, iii. 376; voluntary renunciation of satisfaction of, i. 430, iii. 376.

Shaftesbury, iii. 397.

Shakers, iii. 449.

Shakspeare, i. 21, 268, 511, ii. 239, 254, 306, 315, iii. 210, 214, 216, 321, 363, 369, 400, 457.

Shame, i. 424, iii. 379.

Shenstone, ii. 275.

Siècle, iii. 112 n.

Sight, sense of, ii. 193 _seq._

Simonists, iii. 305.

Simplicius, ii. 157.

Sirach, Jesus, iii. 352.

Sketches, value of, iii. 178.

Skull, explained from vertebræ iii. 85.

Slavery, as a wrong, i. 432.

Sleep, necessity of, ii. 337, 428, 462, 463, 466; action of vital force in, ii. 463, 466; positive character of, ii. 464; relation to brain life, ii. 465; relation to death, i. 358, iii. 267 _seq._

Socialists, iii. 250.

Socrates, i. 288, 343, ii. 107, 281, 363, iii. 299, 249, 252, 405.

Somnambulism, ii. 467, iii. 98 _seq._

Sömmering, iii. 21.

Sophist, distinguished from philosopher, ii. 362, 363.

Sophistry, i. 63, ii. 263, 264.

Sophocles, i. 21, 295, 328, iii. 214.

Soul, historical, iii. 2, 3, 13; opposition between soul and body, ii. 102‐104, 378; in what sense the word should be used, iii. 105; a motive which has led to the assumption of, ii. 409; theoretical and practical results of assumption, ii. 77, 409, 494.

Southey, ii. 427.

Space, ideality of, ii. 201‐204, 221; opposition between space and time with reference to abstract knowledge,