Chapter 13

18. "Paubre motz"; also interpreted as "scanty words," i.e. poems with short lines. On Jaufre Rudel in literature, see a lecture by Carducci, Bologna 1888. The latest theory of his mysterious love is that she was the Virgin Mary; see C. Appel, _Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen_, cvii. 3-4.

19. Mahn, _Gedichte_, no. 707. An edition of Bernard de Ventadour's poems is in preparation by Prof. Appel.

20. _Cp._ Dante, _Par._ xx. 73.