Part 5
LANGUAGES. | +-------------------+-------------------+ | | UNCULTIVATED. | | | +-------------+-------------+ | | | | Isolating. Inflectional. | | | | | +--------------+-------------+ | | | | | | I. II. III. IV. | The Polynesian. Ural-Altaic American. | Transgangetic (Expressing (Alatyan). (By | languages. the (By the incorporation.) | modifications attachment | of meaning by of suffixes | reduplications to the | and prefixes.) root.) | | +----------------------------------+ | | CULTIVATED. | +-----------+----------+ | | Isolating. Inflectional. | | | +------------+------------+ | | | | V. VI. VII. VIII. Chinese. Egyptian. Semitic. Aryan. (By loose (By internal (By annexation vowel-changes.) proper of the suffixes.) grammatical elements.)
Farrar: “Families of speech,” p. 173.
CLEVE.
Sub-dialect of LOW-GERMAN. See Geerling: “Ueber die Clevische V.,” Wesel, 1841.
CLEVELAND.
A dialect of England, spoken in the district of Cleveland, situate in the North Riding of Yorkshire. See Atkinson’s “Glossary of the Cleveland Dialect,” London, 1868. W. W. S.
CLYDESDALE.
A LOWLAND SCOTTISH dialect, from which numerous words are cited in Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary. W. W. S.
COBEU.
American: language of the R. Negro. Allied to UAINAMBEU, and described by Wallace: “Travels on the Amazon,” London, 1853.
COBLENTZ.
Teutonic: a sub-dialect of LOW-GERMAN.
COCAMA.
AMERICAN: spoken on the R. Ucayale.
COCHETIMI.
A N. American dialect, allied to ACOMA.
COCHIMI.
A N. American dialect, vernacular in Old California.
COCHIN-CHINESE.
Monosyllabic: also called ANAMITE. Dissertation by Du Ponceau, 8vo, Philadelphia, 1838.
COCHNEWAGOES.
American: described as IROQUOIS; either extinct or another form of CAYUGA. R. G. L.
COCKNEY.
Cant term for idiomatic speech of London, metropolis of the United Kingdom.
COCOMARICOPA.
American: a dialect of SONORA, allied to CUCHAN.
COCONOONS.
American: a dialect of U. California, allied to TULARENA. Spoken in the R. Mercede.
COCONUCO.
American: dialect of New Grenada. See “Memoria,” by Mosquera, N. York, 1852.
COCOS.
A dialect of Polynesian, allied to SAMOAN.
COERUNA.
AMERICAN: dialect of Brazil.
COHISTAN I., _see under_ K.
COLACK.
A native dialect of Australia.
COLLAGUA.
American: a dialect of the AYMARA.
COMANCH.
A dialect of Texas in America, classed as PADUCAN. Schoolcraft’s “Indian Tribes,” ii., 494. ☞
COMASQUE.
ROMANCE: dialect of Lake Como.
COMEYA.
AMERICAN: a language of California; spoken by Indians of the San Diego Mission (Bartlett); a tribe of the Yumas, according to Whipple. See “Pacific R. R.,” vol. ii., Washington, 1855.
COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY.
That branch of philology which treats of a comparison of languages by their grammatical structure, or the similarity of radical words.
CONCHO.
American: a dialect of OLD MEXICAN. See Trübner’s “Ludewig,” p. 52.
CONGO _or_ KONGO.
A large genus of native AFRICAN languages, vernacular on the W. coast. Classed by Dr. Bleek as BANTU.
CONIBOS.
AMERICAN: dialect of Peru, on the U. Ucayale. “Bulletin de la Soc. Géo.,” Paris, 1853.
COOLIE.
Indian word for “porter” or “bearer.”
COORG, _or_ CURG.
The dialect of Coorg, a mountainous district of Madras, S. India. Grammar by Cole, Bangalore, 1867.
COOTANI, _see_ KITUNAHA.
COPEH.
American: dialect of U. California, vernacular on the R. Sacramento.
COPTIC.
A language supposed to be derived from the ancient EGYPTIAN, but mingled with ARCHAIC GREEK; it was spoken in the valley of the Lower Nile until the seventeenth century, but is now extinct. The alphabetical system greatly resembles Greek, with six letters adopted from the hieroglyphics.
⁂ The upper dialect is called the SAHIDIC or THEBAN; the middle dialect is the MEMPHITIC, and the language of the Delta the BASHMURIC. Greek words abound in all those, but most in the last. Vocaby. by Parthey, Coptic and Latin, L. & C., Berlin, 1844; Grammar by Schwartze, Berlin, 1850.
CORA.
A dialect of Central America, allied to PIMA.
CORDOFAN.
African: dialect of the Capital, Obeyd.
COREAN.
A dialect vernacular in the Corea, a peninsula of N. E. Asia, intermediate between China and Japan; it is a compound of JAPANESE with the TATAR. _See_ GILIAK.
CORETU.
A dialect of S. America, allied to TUCANO.
Vocabularies are given by Wallace (Travels on the Amazon), and by Balbi (“Atlas Ethnog.”)
CORIO (1).
A native dialect of Australia.
CORIO (2) _or_ CUREO.
A dialect of ITALIAN, defined as ALPINE.
CORNEILLES.
AMERICAN: French name for the Upsaroka or Crow Indians.
CORNISH.
An extinct dialect of CELTIC, closely allied to WELSH and BRETON; formerly vernacular in Cornwall.
⁂ See “Lexicon Cornu-Britannicum,” by R. Williams, 4to, Llandovery, 1862-65; and Norris’s “Ancient Cornish Drama.” W. W. S.
CORNISH, MODERN.
The Modern Cornish is an ENGLISH, not a Celtic dialect; see “Specimens of Cornish Dialect,” by Treenoodle, 8vo, 1846. Another list has been given by Polwhele, Truro, 1808. W. W. S.
CORNOUAILLERE.
Keltic: sub-dialect of BAS-BRETON spoken in the diocese of Quimper Corentin.
COROADO.
A dialect of S. American, allied to PURUS, spoken in Brazil; a similar vocabulary is called COROPOS.
COROPO.
A dialect of S. American, vernacular in Rio Janeiro.
CORREGUAJE.
AMERICAN: language of New Grenada, spoken on the eastern slope of the Andes. See “Los Indios del Andaqui,” Popayan, 1855.
CORSICAN (1).
A dialect of ITALIAN, spoken in the Isle of Corsica. See Robert’s “Sketches of Corsica,” London, 1825.
CORSICAN (2).
A dialect of modern GREEK, allied to MAINOT.
COSTANO.
A dialect of N. American classed as TALATUI, spoken by the Olhones and Romonans, or Coast-men, in U. California. See Schoolcraft’s “Indian Tribes,” vol. ii., p. 494.
COSTA-RICA, _see_ TULARENA.
COTSWOLD.
A dialect of Gloucestershire. See Huntley’s “Glossary of the Cotswold Dialect.” W. W. S.
COURLAND, _see_ CURISH.
COVARECA.
American: a tribe of CHIQUITOS missions; see D’Orbigny, “L’Homme Américaine.”
COWELITS, _under_ K.
COWICHAN.
Language of Van Couver Is.; spoken in several dialects on the S.E. Coast, also on the mainland, up Fraser R. to Yale. R. B.
CRAVEN.
A dialect of Yorkshire. See “The Dialect of Craven, with a copious Glossary,” by a Native (the Rev. W. Carr); 2nd ed., 2 vols., 1828. W. W. S.
CREE.
A dialect of ALGONQUIN spoken by the Kristeneaux or Nehethowuck race of N. American Indians, widely spread along the tributaries of the R. Hudson in Canada. They use a system of characters greatly resembling our own stenographs. They are also found between the Red River and Rocky Mountains. See Butler’s “Great Lone Land:” London, 1873, p. 385. Grammar by Howse, London, 1805.
CREEK.
The dialect of the MUSKOGULGE race of N. American Indians, allied to CHOCKTAW. Spoken in Florida.
CREMONESE.
ROMANCE: dialect of Cremona, in Italy.
CREOLE.
Spanish word “criòllo,” from “creár” “to nourish”; it is a diminutive of “cría,” a “brood” or “suckling,” _i.e._ “a native.” A true Spaniard, one of the same breed; but brought up in America or the W. Indies; but applied also to any W. Indians of European extraction. In Creole forms of speech the basis is EUROPEAN; in Jargon it is AMERICAN. Grammar by Thomas, Port of Spain, 1869.
_See_ JARGON.
CREOLESE.
A name given to the corrupted dialects of European languages spoken by negroes in S. America and the W. Indies.
⁂ (1.) English and Negro in Surinam. See Grammar (Neger-Englische) Bautzen, 1854; Dicty. (Dutch and Neger-Englische) Löbau, 1856.
(2.) Portuguese and Negro in Surinam. _See_ SARAMACCA.
(3.) Dutch and Negro in St. Thomas (Danish.) Grammar by Magens, Kjobenhavn, 1770.
(4.) Spanish and Negro. Putman, “Gemeenzame Zamenspraken,” Santa Rosa, 1853.
(5.) French and Negro in Trinidad. Vocaby. by Joly, Paris, 1802.
CRETAN.
Hellenic: a sub-dialect of GREEK; _see under_ K.
CRISTENEUX, _under_ K.
CRIVINGIAN _or_ CRIVONIAN.
Mixed dialect of LETT and FIN. It is sometimes called CRIVONO-LITHUANIC. _See_ LIEF.
CROATIAN.
SLAVONIC: a dialect of SERVIAN spoken in Croatia and Dalmatia, Austrian provinces bordering on the Adriatic. It is closely allied to ILLYRIAN, and is written with LATIN and also with GLAGOLITIC characters. See Dicty. by Sulek, “Deutsch-Kroatische,” Agram, 1854-60.
CROW.
A dialect of the SIOUX class of native N. American dialects. The native name is UPSAROKA.
CUBA, _see_ W. INDIES.
CUCHAN.
The dialect of the Yuma Indians, in N. America, vernacular on the R. Colorado.
CUCIQUIA.
American: same as CHIQUITOS.
CUFIC.
The most ancient mode of writing ARABIC, so named from Kufah, in Irak, originally a province of Persia; the alphabet is modified from the SYRIAC, and is found in the earliest copies of the Koran and on coins of the first three centuries after Mohammed’s flight from Mecca, A.D. 622; now superseded by the NISHKI, since adopted by Turks and Persians. W. S. W. V. ☞
CULINO.
AMERICAN: dialect of Brazil.
CUMANA, CUMANAGOTA.
American: dialects of CARIB, closely allied to CHAYMA. _See_ TAMANAQUE.
CUMANCH.
A dialect of N. American, allied to the SHOSHONE, vernacular in Texas. _See_ COMANCH.
CUMANIAN.
An extinct dialect of TURKISH.
CUMBERLAND _or_ CUMBRIAN.
A dialect of England. See Ballads and Poems by J. Relph, T. Sanderson, Rev. R. Nelson, E. Clarke, J. Stagg, Miss Blamire, A. C. Gibson, &c.; especially Cumberland Ballads, by R. Sanderson, with a Glossary by S. Gilpin. W. W. S.
CUNACUNA.
A dialect of central American, allied to DARIEN.
CUNEIFORM, _see_ ARROW-HEAD.
CUNEO, _see_ CORIO.
CUNIPUSANA.
American: dialect of the BARRE or BANIWA class.
CURACOA.
A compounded NEGRO-DUTCH, spoken in the Caribbean Is., W. Indies.
CURAVES.
AMERICAN: a tribe of the Chiquitos missions. See D’Orbigny: “L’Homme Américaine.”
CURDISH, _under_ K.
CURGI.
A dialect of MALAYALIM, called KODUGU, and allied to TULU.
CURISH, CURLANDISH.
LITHUANIC: dialect of Courland or Kurland. _See_ LIEF.
CURSIVE.
So-called _running_ hand; applied to alphabets of small, rounded or _connected_ letters, that may be rapidly formed; from the Latin, “curro,” “I run.”
It is generally contrasted with (1) monumental or lapidary; (2) printing.
CURUMINACA.
AMERICAN: a tribe of the Chiquitos missions. See D’Orbigny: “L’Homme Américaine.”
CUSHNA.
AMERICAN: dialect of U. California. See Schoolcraft’s “Indian Tribes,” vol. ii.
CUTCHI.
A dialect of Hinduwi, spoken over the district known as the Runn of Cutch, N. W. India.
CUZCO, CUZCUCANO.
American: dialect of QUICHUA.
CYMRAIG, _see_ WELSH.
CYNURIAN.
A name for certain forms of ancient GREEK.
CYPRIAN _or_ CYPRIOTE.
An extinct dialect, formerly vernacular in the Isle of Cyprus, not fully understood, but perhaps allied to ancient GREEK, and expressed by a peculiar alphabet having some analogies with the LYCIAN. Inscriptions found at Citium, &c.; “Jl. of Biblical Archæology,” January, 1873. G. R.
CYRILLIC.
A name applied to the written characters of SLAVONIAN and WALLACHIAN, ascribed to Constantine the philosopher, known as St. Cyril, the apostle of the Slaves, _circa_ 850 A.D.
⁂ These characters are chiefly taken from the Greek, with many additions, and the number of distinct characters exceeds forty. The RUSSIAN alphabet is derived from it, but is simpler. G. R.
The name is also used for OLD BULGARIAN, the ecclesiastical dialect of OLD SLAVONIC. _See_ CHURCH-SLAVIC.
CZECH, _see_ BOHEMIAN.
ADDENDA.
CABALA, _see under_ K.
CAIPOTORADE.
American: sub-dialect of ZAMUCA.
CAMSHAVA, CUMSHEWAN.
AMERICAN: tribe of Haidah in Q. Charlotte’s Is.
CATHAY, _see_ MUNIPOORI.
CAURASENI.
Indic: dialect of PRAKRIT.
CHACAHUAXTI.
American: sub-dialect of TOTONAKA.
CHAHTAH, _see_ CHOCKTAW.
CHALCHESI.
American: sub-dialect of NAHUATL.
CHAMER.
AMERICAN: Osage tribe of Arkansas.
CHAMI, CHUMI.
Illyric: sub-dialect of ALBANIAN.
CHAMPHUNG.
Indo-Chinese: a NAGA dialect.
CHANOS, CHONOS, CHUNOS.
AMERICAN: tribe of Vuta-Huilliche.
CHASOWO.
Ugrian: dialect of SAMOYED.
CHECHEHET.
AMERICAN: tribe of Puelche.
CHELAKE, CHILAKE, _see_ CHIRAKE.
CHELLOUH.
African: same as SHILLUK.
CHICHIMEK.
AMERICAN: ancient dynasty of Mexico.
CHILCART.
AMERICAN: leading tribe of Sitka.
CHILICOTHE.
AMERICAN: tribe of Shawnees.
CHIMMESYAN, _see_ CHEMMESYAN.
CHIN-CHEO.
Chinese: name for the dialect of FU-KIAN.
CHIRAKE.
American: same as CHEROKEE.
CHIRUPA.
American: dialect of MAYPUR.
CHOLA.
American: _mestizo_ race of Peru.
CHONOS, _see_ CHANOS.
CHOPUNISH.
American: name for SAHAPTINS.
CHOSCOT.
Moghol: dialect of KALMUK.
CHOWHONE.
Dravidian: sub-dialect of BOWRI.
CHUCHU.
AMERICAN: dialect of the S. Xaverio Mission, Bolivia.
CHUMI, _see_ CHAMI.
CHUNO, _see_ CHANOS.
CHUNUPIES.
AMERICAN: tribe of Vilela.
COLE, _see_ KOL.
CONCHA.
American: CHIKKASAH dialect of W. Florida.
CRIMEAN.
Turkee: called KRIM-TARTAR; dialect of the Crimea. Vocaby. in Montandon’s “Guide,” Odessa, 1834.
CRNOGORCI.
Servian: same as MONTENEGRINE.
CULILAN-CUNNY.
AMERICAN: tribe of Tehuelhets. Cunny: a tribal designation of that people.
CUMSHEWAN, _see_ CAMSHAVA.
D.
DABANTSHI.
AFRICAN: dialect of the district of Hamarua and Adamawa; Barth’s Collection; Gotha, 1862-6. _See_ BATTA.
DACIAN _or_ DACO-WALLACHIAN, _see under_ W.
DACOTAH.
AMERICAN: chief dialect of the Sioux; Pond: “Dakota Reading-book,” Boston, 1842. _See_ SIOUX.
DAGAMBA _or_ DAGWUMBA.
AFRICAN: dialect of the Kouri. _See_ INGWA.
DAHI _or_ DARAHI.
Indic: a dialect of Nepaul allied to KUSWAR; it is also called DENWAR.
DAHOMY.
AFRICAN: a large group of languages vernacular on the Guinea Coast. McLeod’s “Voyage,” London, 1820. _See_ WIDAH.
DAIRI.
The dialect of Western Battas, in Sumatra. P. J. V.
DAJAK _or_ DYAK.
The native dialect of Borneo, a large island in the Indian Archipelago: spoken by Polynesian aborigines as distinct from Malay. Keppel: “Expedition,” London, 1846; Hardeland’s Dicty., Dajacksch-Deutsches, Amsterdam, 1859.
DAKHANI _or_ DUKHANI.
Indic: a dialect of HINDOSTANI vernacular among the Mohammedans of the Madras Presidency, in the Deccan or S. Peninsula of India.
DALECARLIAN.
Sub-dialect of SWEDISH; see Arborelius Conspectus: “Lexici,” Upsala, 1813; “Grammatices,” 1818; Ihre’s “Swenskt Dialect-Lexicon,” Upsala, 1766. W. W. S.
DALLA.
AFRICAN: a negro dialect spoken on the Abyssinian frontier. _See_ SHANGALLA.
DALMATIAN.
Slavonic: a sub-dialect of SERVIAN. See Frölich “Der Kleine Illirier,” Vienna, 1840.
DALRYMPLE, PORT.
TASMANIAN; native dialect of district so-called.
DAMANTSHI.
AFRICAN; assigned by Barth to a district of Hamarna.
DAMMARA.
African: sub-dialect of HOTTENTOT.
DAMOT.
African: sub-dialect of AGAW.
DAMULIC.
Dravidian: same word as TAMULIC.
DANISH.
TEUTONIC: a language of the SCANDINAVIAN branch. It is the vernacular tongue of modern Denmark and its dependencies, and closely allied to SWEDISH and NORWEGIAN. See the Dictionaries by Molbech, Copenhagen, 1841-59; Ferrall and Repp, 1861; and the Society’s great “Danske Ordbog,” in 8 or 9 vols., still unfinished.
DANKALI (_pl._ DANAKIL).
A sub-dialect or division of GALLA, spoken by the Danakil or Afers, an intrusive tribe located between the Red Sea and Abyssinia; the word “Afer” has been plausibly referred to as containing the lost root of the word “Africa;” most probably a variant of Kaffir; and “Dana,” taken speculatively, may be connected with the Greek legend of the alleged Danaan migration from Egypt, in pre-historic times. See Isenberg: “Vocabulary,” London, 1840.
DANO-SAXON, _see_ ANGLIAN.
DARAHI, _see_ DAHI.
DARD _or_ DARDU.
A group of languages vernacular in Caubul, more especially on the mountainous tracts of the Paropamisan range; known also as SHINA. Vocaby., &c., by Leitner. ☞
DARFUR.
AFRICAN; König: “Vocabulaire,” Paris, 1839; Perron: “Sheikh Mohammed’s Voyage,” Paris, 1845. _See_ FURIAN.
DARIEN.
AMERICAN: spoken by aborigines in the Isthmus, so-called. ☞
DARLING.
Australian: dialect of YAK-KUMBAN. See Eyre’s “Journals,” London, 1845.
DAR-MITCHEGUA, _see_ DIZZELA.
DARNLEY (1).
AUSTRALIAN: native dialect of an island so named.
DARNLEY (2), _see_ ERROOB _and_ MAER.
DAR-RUNGA.
African: allied to MOBBA. Browne’s “Travels,” London, 1799.
DARSALEH WADY _or_ BERGU.
Large district of Central Africa between Bornu and Darfur. The following languages are said to be spoken in it:—(1) ABUE GEDAM; (2) AIN GAMARA; (3) BILI; (4) BILTING; (5) GIRRI; (6) KAJANGA; (7) KAWAK; (8) KELINGEN; (9) KODOYI; (10) KOROMBOY; (11) KUMO; (12) MADABA; (13) MADALA; (14) MALANGA; (15) OGODONGDA; (16) SHEFERI. Of these the MOBBA is the only one known by printed specimens. The unpublished papers of Dr. Barth contain much new material for the investigation of this large and obscure region. R. G. L.
DASEN.
PAPUAN; dialect of the district about Port Doreh, New Guinea.
DAUPHIGNESE.
_Patois_ of OLD FRENCH: a sub-dialect of PROVENÇAL, formerly vernacular in the Dauphiné, S. France. See “Essai” by Jules, Paris, 1840.
DAURA.
African: sub-dialect of HAUSSA.
DAURAI.
American: CARIB of Demerara; closely allied to ATORIA.
DAUTGART.
AUSTRALIAN: native dialect of W. Colack.
DEER.
Indian: a dialect of SWAUTI, closely allied to SHINA. See “Jnl. A. S. of Bengal,” 1838.
DEGOMBAH, _see_ DAGAMBA.
DEHWAR, _see_ DAHI.
DELAGOA BAY, _see_ LAGOA and TEKEZA.
DELAWARE.
American: a dialect of ALGONKIN spoken by the true Beaver Tribe of the Lenni-Lenape race, originally located in the State of Delaware, but now removed to the frontier. The modern tribes are said to represent those with whom William Penn first treated in 1682. Pickering: “Vocabulary,” Boston, U. S., 1823. _See_ LENNI-LENNAPE.
DELGADO, CAPE.
AFRICAN: dialect of the Mozambique.
DEMBEA.
Semitic: sub-dialect of AMHARIC.
DEMOTIC. (“Of the people.”)
A name for the most cursive writing of ancient Egypt; also called ENCHORIAL.
⁂ It is written invariably from right to left, and has been derived from the primitive hieroglyphic. The earliest known employment of it was in the 7th century before Christ. See Brugsch: “Grammaire Démotique,” Berlin, 1855. G. R.
DENKA (1).
TURANIAN; a name for the Odh or Sable Ostiaks.
DENKA (2).
African: called also DINKA; it is spoken in Kordofan, and is allied to SHILLUK. See vocabulary in Rüppel: “Reise in Abyssinien,” 2 vols., Frankfort, 1838-40.
DENWAR.
Indic: very much like DAHI. H. C.
DEORIA-CHUTIA, _under_ C.
DE-PEYSTER, _see_ FAKAOFO.
DERBYSHIRE.
A provincial dialect of England; see “Glossaries,” by Mawe, 1802; Mander, 1821; also “The Reliquary,” ed. by Ll. Jewitt, F.S.A., a periodical. W. W. S.
DERI.
Persic: a sub-dialect of the PARSI, the descendant of the ancient Persian language, spoken in Persia from about A.D. 800. G. R.
DESYA.
DRAVIDIAN: a term for provincial MALAYALIM.
DEUTSCH, _see_ GERMAN.
DEVONSHIRE.
A provincial dialect of England: Dialogues and Glossaries by Palmer, 1837; Phillips and Gwatkin, 1839.
DEWALLA, _see_ DUALLA.
DEWANAGARI, _see_ DIVANAGARI.
DEWA-NTSHI.
AFRICAN: assigned by Barth to Hamarua.
DEWOI.
AFRICAN: a dialect spoken in Dahomey, and allied to BASSA, GREBO, KRU. &c. H. C.
DEY.
AFRICAN: a sub-dialect of GREBO, formerly spoken at Cape Mesurado, on the W. Coast.
DHAMUK.
A sub-dialect of TURANIAN, spoken by a broken tribe of the Himalayas.
DHANGUR.
A dialect of the KOL language. The Dhangres of Chota-Nagpoor are the principal emigrants (as Coolies) to Mauritius and the W. Indies. A. C.
DHENWAS, _see_ DAHI.
DHIMAL.
The same language as the MECH; the Dhimals, like the former, live and thrive in the malarious tracts of Nipal, along the base of the Himalaya. A. C.
DIALECT.
The division of a language. Term used for the local variation of a language that is habitually used by, or usually intelligible among, the speakers (applied to provinces or large districts).
DIALECT, SUB.
A further division of dialects (applied to townships or small tribes).
DIBON, _see_ MOAB.
DIDO.
LESGIAN, same as UNSO. ☞
DIEBES-SPRACHE.
German term for “cant or slang speech”; also called GAUNER-SPRACHE; See Jülg’s “Vater,” pp. 310-12.
DIEBS IS.
German name for the Ladrones. _See_ CHAMORI.
DIEGUNO.
AMERICAN: language of the mission of S. Diego, vernacular in California. ☞
DIEPHOLZ.
Sub-dialect of LOW-GERMAN, vernacular in Westphalia. See Müller: “Westphälisches Idiotikon,” Churlande, 1794.
DIKELE.
African: classed by Bleek in the N. W. branch of BANTU.
DIMAL.
Same as DHIMAL. _See_ MECH.
DINKA.
African: same as DENKA. See Mitterrutzner’s “Die Dinka-Sprache,” Brixen, 1866-7.
DIOSCURIAN.
A name for the various languages vernacular in the Caucasus; used collectively.
⁂ The word is derived from Dioscurias, a Greek colony on the coast of Mingrelia. G. R.
DIPPIL.
A native dialect of the Australian aborigines. Vocaby. by Ridley, Sydney, 1866.
DIVANAGARI.
A name for the alphabet adopted in SANSKRIT, and transferred to HINDOSTANI and many sub-dialects; the word is compounded of “Diva,” “God,” “nagara,” “a city,” _i.e._, “the sacred city”; _scil._ Benares. It is apparently derived from the CUFIC, and quite distinct from _old_ Sanskrit, a name for Bactrian or Zend.
DIVIHET.
American: same as PUELCHE.
DIZZELA.
African: spoken on the frontiers of Abyssinia; also called DAR-MITCHEGUA. It belongs to the AGAW group. Salt’s “Voyage,” London, 1814. _See_ SHANGALLA.
DJABU.
African: name for EYO or AKU.
DJEBALY.
African: same as KABYLE.
DJOE-TONG, _see_ SARAMACCA.
DOBA.
A NEGRO dialect of Abyssinia. _See_ SHANGALLA.
DODI.
African: a dialect of BORNU, allied to BODE and NGODZEN.
DOFLA.
A dialect of ASSAMESE, allied to ABOR.
DOG-RIB.
American: a dialect of ATHABASCAN, allied to SLAVE.
DOGURA _or_ DOGRA.
Indic: a dialect of SANSKRIT, otherwise called JUMBOO or MOUNTAIN PUNJABI, spoken in the Punjaub, N. W. India.
DOING-NUK _or_ NAK.
Monosyllabic: a sub-dialect of ARAKANESE.
DOLGANEN.
TATAR: the most westerly dialect of the YAKUT spoken between the Yenisey and the Chatunga by three small tribes: 1, the Dongot; 2, the Adgan; 3, the Dolgan. The Samoeids call them “younger brothers,” Dolgan being the Russian term. Latham’s “Nationalities,” vol. i., p. 262, London, 1863.
DOLKHALI.
A dialect of OLDER DRAVIDIAN, vernacular in Nepal.
DOMANTSHI.
AFRICAN: the same as DAMANTSHI and DUMANTSHI.
DONGOLAWY.
AFRICAN: dialect of the Nubian Group, spoken on the Nile in 12° N.L. R. G. L.
DOR.
AFRICAN: spoken on the Nile, about 3° N.L. See vocabulary by Petherick: “Egypt, the Soudan, &c.,” 8vo, 1861.
DORBOT _or_ DURBET.
A dialect of MOGHOL.
DOREH _or_ DOREY, PORT.
PAPUAN: dialects of N. Coast of New Guinea; Wallace: “Malay Archip.”
DORIC _or_ DORIAN.