Part 18
⁂ These words in “Ts” may also be written “Ch” in English.
TEAPY.
POLYNESIAN: dialect of Easter Island, called by the natives RAPA-NUI _i.e._, “Great Rapa.”
TEBO.
AFRICAN: same as IBO.
TEDA, TIBBU.
African: a dialect of the KANURI.
⁂ Placed by Barth and others in the same class, and with the KANURI, but originally considered to be BERBER or AMAZIGH. R.G.L. ☞
TEERHAI, _see_ TIRHAI.
TEESDALE.
Provincial dialect of England, belonging to the county of Durham. Glossary, London, 1849. W. W. S.
TEHUELET.
American: Indians of E. Patagonia, classed as ARAUCANIAN. Tribes are—(1) Tehuel Cunny, including Yacana Cunny, Sehusk Cunny, Culilan Cunny. (2) The Callilehet, or Serranos. Muster’s “Patagonians,” London, 1871.
TEHULATE, TELUTI.
MALAYAN: dialect of Ceram. Wallace’s “Malay Arch.”
TEKE, TEKKES.
Turcomans: Tátar tribes of the Attrek, between Merv and the Caspian. Tekke is the BUKHARIST word for a Mohammedan convent.
TEKEENIKA.
AMERICAN: _i.e._, Te-Kennekas; Indians of Tierra del Fuego.
TEKEZA.
African: one of the three species assigned by Bleek to the south-eastern branch of the central KAFIRS. It is only known through short vocabularies, the most important of which is for the dialect of the Lourenzo Marques of Delagoa Bay. R. G. L.
TELEUT, TELENGUT.
Alatyan: a form of TURKEE spoken in Siberia. Ethnologically they are classed as MOGHOLS, and called WHITE KALMUKS of the Upper Obi, also URIATS. Small Vocaby. in Latham’s “Elements,” p. 107.
TELING.
INDIAN: wandering tribes of Korawa.
TELINGA, TELUGU.
Dravidian: the vernacular speech of Hyderabad in the Dekhan, and of part of the east coast in Madras. It is closely allied to TAMIL, with a cursive alphabet like the CANARESE. Grammar (1857), Dictionary (1853), by Brown, Madras.
TELUTI, _see_ TEHULATE.
TEMAHUQ, _see_ TUARIK.
TEMBORA, _see_ TAMBORA.
TEMBU.
African: same as ATTEMBU, a dialect of NIGRITIAN.
TEMBUKTOO, _under_ TI.
TEMPIO.
Romance: ITALIAN dialect of Sardinia.
TENERIFFE.
AFRICAN: dialect of the Canary Islands.
TENGSA.
Indo-Chinese: NAGA dialect of E. Bengal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
TENIMBER, _see_ TIMORLAUT.
TEOR.
Negrito: dialect of PAPUAN. Vocaby. in Wallace’s “Malay Archipelago.”
TEPANECHI.
American: dialect of NAHUATLAC.
TEPEGUANA.
AMERICAN: dialect of Sinaloa in Mexico.
TEPOZKOLULA, TLAHIAKO.
American: dialect of MIXTECA. Mexican Indians of Oajaca.
TERASCO, _see_ TARASKA.
TERESSA.
MALAYAN: dialect of the Nicobar Islands.
TERNATI.
MALAYAN: dialect of the Moluccas, spoken in the Islands of Ternate and Tidor; it is allied to BUGIS, and includes NEGRITO affinities.
TESHU-LUMBU.
Bhot: local dialect of TIBETAN.
TESUQUE.
American: Pueblo Indians, closely allied to PIMA.
TETO.
Negrito: BELONESE dialect of E. Timor. Vocaby. by Wallace. _See_ BRISSI.
TETON.
AMERICAN: tribe of Sioux or Dacotah Indians, living between the Missouri and the Mississippi.
TETTE.
AFRICAN: dialect of the Mozambique coast.
TEUTONIC.
GERMAN word “thiod” = “people”; corrupted to DEUTSCH or DUTCH, and Latinised as TEUTONIC. Generic term for German: (1) Low-German, or Saxon, is the DEUTSCH of N. Germany. (2) High-German is Alemannic—_i.e._, the DEUTSCH of S. Germany and the upper Rhine. The earliest specimen is, perhaps, the “Rules of St. Benedict,” belonging to the eighth century. (3) Bavarian is the DEUTSCH of the upper Danube. (4) Frankish is the DEUTSCH of the middle Rhine; the earliest specimen is “Isidore,” of the eighth century.
Modern dialects are: (1) SWISS, (2) RHENISH, (3) DANUBIAN of Austria, Bavaria, the Tyrol, &c. _See_ SCANDINAVIAN.
TEUTONIC SAXON.
Class-name for the combined lines of HIGH and LOW-GERMAN, excluding the Scandinavian, or northern branch.
TEXAN.
American: tribes of Caddoes, &c. Dr. Latham classifies the languages thus: (1) ADAHI, (2) ATTAKAPA, (3) CADDO, (4) CHOKTAH, (6) CUMANCH, (6) WITSHITA. The tribes are very numerous, comprising: Acossesaws, Adahi, Aliche or Eyish, Andarcos or Unataquas, Attacapa, Avoyelles, Aynic, Bidias, Caddo, Caicaches, Cances, Carankahuas, Chikkasahs, Choktah, Coke, Comanch or Cumanch, Coshattas, Iawanis or Ionis, Ketchi or Kichai, Lipans or Sipans, Mascovie, Mayes, Nabaduches, Nacodocheets, Navaosos, Sioux, Tawacani, Toncahuas or Toukaways, Towakenos, Towiachs or Towecas, Tuhuktukis, Xaramenes, Waco or Wico, Washitas, Witshita. _See_ TACHI.
T’HAI, _see_ TAI.
THAKSYA.
Indo-Chinese: BHOT dialect of Nipal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
THAMI.
Non-Aryan: older DRAVIDIAN dialect of Nipal.
THAROO.
Indian: dialect of HINDI, spoken in Nipal Surai. A. C.
THARU.
NON-ARYAN: dialect of Nipal. See Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
THAUMPE.
Indo-Chinese: SHAN dialect of Ava.
THEBAIC.
Egyptian: old COPTIC dialect of the upper Nile, in S. Egypt.
THEBAN.
HELLENIC: extinct dialect of ancient Greece. Orionis et Sturzius: “Thebani Etymologicon,” Leipsic, 1820.
THEBURSKUD, THOBURSKID.
Indo-Chinese: name for the SUNGNUM of Koonawar.
THENGAIS.
INDO-CHINESE: tribe of Singpho.
THERVINGS.
A tribe of so-called Goths.
THIBETAN, TIBETAN.
BHOT or BHOTIYA: the vernacular language of Tibet; originally monosyllabic, and somewhat resembling CHINESE; it has now almost lost that characteristic. Tibet is also called Bhotan—_i.e._, Tih-bot, “Land of the Bot.” There are local dialects of Butan, Lhassa, and Ladak; it is classed as INDO-CHINESE, and the written characters are founded on the DEVANAGARI alphabet, and written from left to right. Grammar by Jaeschke, Kyelang, 1865; and Dictionary, 1866; also by Csoma de Korös, Calcutta, 1834. _See_ SURI-BUTAN.
THOCHU.
Indo-Chinese: dialect of BHOT. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
THOUNG-LHU.
Dialect of BURMESE, somewhat allied to KAREN.
THRACO-ILLYRIAN (PELASGIC).
Class-name for the languages illustrated by ALBANIAN.
THUG, THUGGEE.
Indian: a cant or slang form of HINDOSTANI, used by homicidal tribes of India; they are called Phansigars by the Hindus, Ari Tulucar in Tamil, and Tanti Calleru in Canarese. Vocaby. by Sleeman, Calcutta, 1836.
⁂ This dialect contains some curious remains, allied to KORIAK and KAMCHATKAN. H. C. _See_ RAMASI.
THUGGA.
Inscriptions; bilingual: LIBYAN and PHŒNICIAN. Found in N. Africa, and preserved in the British Museum; also at Lyons, in France. They are allied to the HIMYARITIC, and have affinities with the Hamath stones of Syria. H. C.
THULUNGYA.
Non-Aryan: dialect of the KIRANTI group, in E. Nipal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
THURINGIAN.
Teutonic: sub-dialect of old HIGH-GERMAN. See “Volks-dialektes, &c.” by Wendel, Coburg, 1822.
TIBBOO, _see_ TEDA.
TIBERACOTTES.
AMERICAN: Indians of British Guyana. _See_ TIVERIGHOTTO.
TIBETAN, _under_ TH.
TICINO _or_ TICINESE.
Romance: dialect of ITALIAN spoken in southern Switzerland.
TICOPIA.
Polynesian: closely allied to MAYORGA.
TICUNA, TUCANO, TACUNA, TIKUNA.
AMERICAN: Chimanos Indians of New Granada. It is a name applied from the use of poisoned arrows.
TIDORE.
MALAYAN: dialect of the Moluccas, spoken in the island of Tidor, and nearly the same as TERNATI.
TIE-CHEW.
Local dialect of CHINESE. First lessons by Dean, Bangkok, 1841.
TIEMBA.
African: dialect of ASHANTEE.
TIERRA DEL FUEGO, _under_ FUEGIAN.
TIGRE, TIGRINNA.
Sub-Semitic: modern dialect of ETHIOPIC, called “lisana Gheez.” It is spoken in N. Abyssinia, and closely resembles AMHARIC. Grammar by Prætorius, Halle, 1871; Vocaby. by Beurmann, 1868.
TIHUEX.
AMERICAN: Keres Indians of New Mexico.
TIKOMERI.
American: MOXOS dialect spoken in the S. Xaverio Mission, Bolivia. It is allied to MAIPUR.
TILANGANG, TILANJANG.
Malayan: same as ENGANO, an island west of Sumatra. P. J. V.
TIMBIRAS.
American: tribes of Brazil, known as—(1) de Mata, (2) de Canella fina, (3) de Bocca furada. The language is closely allied to GEIKO and TOKANTIN.
TIMBORA, TIMBORO.
Malayan: dialect of JAVANESE, somewhat allied to SASAK.
TIMBUKTOO.
African: typical language of NIGRITIA, pure Negro of the Soudan. _See_ WUN.
TIMMANI.
AFRICAN: A language spoken near Sierra Leone; dialects are KRANGOS and LOGOS.
⁂ It is allied to BULLOM, BAGO, and LANDOMA. H. C.
TIMOR, TIMUR (TIMORESE).
Malayan: language of Timor, the largest island of the lesser Sunda group; it is JAVANESE, inclining to NEGRITO. Diss. in Crawfurd’s Malay Grammar.
⁂ There are three chief dialects of Timorese: (1) The BELONESE, in Eastern Timor; (2) the TIMORESE “arctiori sensu;” (3) the dialect of KUPANG. P. J. V.
TIMORLAUT.
MALAYAN: largest island of the Tenimber group; peopled with straight-haired Polynesians.
TIMUACA, TIMUICANA, TIMUIQUANA.
AMERICAN: dialect of Florida, spoken in the neighbourhood of St. Augustin.
TINGUA.
AMERICAN: extinct dialect of Florida.
TINNE.
AMERICAN: native name for ATHABASCAN; the Tinnes proper use a native alphabet of linear character, resembling the CREE.
TIRHAI.
Indian: dialect of SWAUTI, closely allied to DEER. Vocaby. by Leech, “Journal of the A. S. of Bengal,” 1838.
TIRHITIYA, _see_ MITHILI.
TIROL, _under_ TY.
TIVERIGHOTTO.
AMERICAN: Carib-Tamanaque Indians of British Guyana.
TIWI.
AFRICAN: dialect of the Gaboon.
T-KA.
AMERICAN: native name of the Hamburgh Indians, inhabiting the mouth of the Otte-tie-e-wa, or Scott’s River. They speak a dialect of SHASTA. _See_ IDDOA.
TLAHUICI, TLAHIAKO.
American: MIXTECA dialect of Oajaca in Mexico.
TLAMATL, _see_ LUTUAMI.
TLAOQUATSH.
American: dialect of WAKASH, spoken in the S.W. of Vancouver’s Island.
TLAPANEKA.
AMERICAN: Pueblo Indians of Tlapa, in Mexico. (Humboldt.)
TLASKALTECA.
American: NAHUATL of the Balsam coast, San Salvador. (Scherzer.)
TLATSAP.
American: same as CLATSOP; a division of CHINOOK.
TLATSKANAI.
American: Athabascan Indians of R. Columbia; classed as TACULLIE-UMPQUA. (Hale.)
TNAINA.
American: native name for the KENAI. _See_ ATNA.
TOBA (TOBASCHE).
Malayan: BATTA dialect of Toba Lake in Sumatra. _See_ Grammar by Van der Tuuk, Amsterdam, 1864. P. J. V.
TOBI.
MICRONESIAN: dialect of Negrito, allied to PELEW.
TOBO.
MALAYAN: dialect of Ceram. Vocaby. by Wallace.
TOBOLSK.
Ugrian: TURKEE dialect of Siberia, closely allied to TSHULIM. Dicty. by Giganow, St. Petersburg, 1804.
TOCANTIN.
American: branch of the OMAGUA stem; it is spoken in the Provinces of Goyaz and Para, Brazil.
TODA, TODUVA.
NON-ARYAN language of S. India, mostly spoken in the Nilgherries and Coorg. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.” _See_ TUDA.
TOKA, _see_ LOYALTY ISLANDS.
TOKISTINE, TONOKOTO.
American: Lule Indians of Paraguay; allied to VILELA.
TOLTEK.
American: Mexican Indians, intrusive at the date of their subjection by the Spaniards, and then speaking the NAHUATLAC language.
TOMA, TOMO.
AMERICAN, _i.e._, Tomo-Maroa; BANIWA Indians, quoted by Wallace, “Travels on the Amazon,” London, 1853.
TOMBARA, _see_ NEW IRELAND.
TOMOHON, TOMORE.
MALAYAN: dialects of Macassar or Celebes. (Wallace.)
TOMSKI, TIMSKI.
Ugrian: SAMOIED dialect of Asiatic Russia. (Klaproth.)
TONDANO.
Malayan: dialect of MENADU.
TONGAN.
POLYNESIAN: a dialect spoken by natives of the Friendly Islands, a large group in Eastern Polynesia, comprising Tongataboo, Hapai, Vavau, and many smaller islands. The group is situated in 15° 50′ to 21° 7′ S. lat., and 173° to 175° W. long. It is closely allied to SAMOAN. W. G. L.
TONKINESE (TONQUIN).
Indo-Chinese: dialect of S.E. Asia, closely allied to ANAMITE, CAMBOJAN, and COCHIN-CHINESE.
TONOCOTE.
AMERICAN: dialect of Lule or Villela, in Paraguay.
TONSEA.
Malayan: dialect of MENADU.
TOOKPA, TUKPA.
INDO-CHINESE; dialect of Eastern Tibet.
TOON-PAOOH.
AMERICAN: Turtle-tribe of Mohighans.
TOORKS.
Tribes of Turkestan. _See_ UZBEK.
TORGOT, _see_ KERAT.
TOSK.
(1) Illyric: a dialect of ALBANIAN. Vocaby. and Grammar in Von Hahn.
(2) Italic. _See_ TUSCAN.
TOTONACA.
American: MEXICAN dialect of Puebla and Vera Cruz.
TOUCOULOR.
African: same as FULA.
TOULOUSE.
Romance: modern dialect of LANGUE D’OC, spoken in S.W. France.
TOUN-BARIRIG.
Malayan: quoted by Mr. Wallace as a local dialect of MENAUDU; including also TOUNBASSIAN, TOUNPASSO, TOURNSHON, and TOUWASANG. See “Malay Archipelago.” _See_ MINAHASSA.
TOUNG, _see_ TUNG.
TOUNG-LHU.
Monosyllabic language of Burmah and Tennaserim. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
TOWAREK, _see_ TUARIK.
TRANS-CAUCASIAN TATAR.
Ugrian: class-name for several local dialects of TURKISH, spoken in Russia. It is the same as TURKO-TATAR.
TRANS-GANGETIC.
Class-name for CHINESE and INDO-CHINESE, and allied languages.
TRANS-HIMALAYAN.
Class-name: used for SUB-TURANIAN, or early DRAVIDIAN. _See_ INDO-CHINESE.
TRANSYLVANIAN, _see_ SIEBENBURGISCH.
TRAUGAN, _see_ AROO.
TRECONIAN.
KELTIC: sub-dialect of Bas-Breton, called BRETON-BRETONNANT.
TREDECI-COMMUNI.
Teutonic: a local dialect of Italy, classed as HIGH-GERMAN. The people have been considered to be descendants of the ancient CIMBRI; see “Ueber die ... Venedischen Alpen,” &c., by Schmeller, Munich, 1838.
TRITON-BAY.
Negrito: PAPUAN dialect of New Guinea.
TROGLODYTES.
Dwellers in caves, &c., as the early settlers at Nottingham, in Kent’s Hole, &c.; used as a class-name for some languages of Africa, as BEJA, BISHARI, &c.
TROJAN, _see_ PHRYGIAN.
TROUBADOURS.
Romance; name for the mediæval poets of Provence, in S. France, who used the LANGUE D’OC. Grammar and Dicty., by Raynouard, Paris, 1844. _See_ TROVATORE.
TROUVÈRES.
Romance; name for the mediæval poets of Normandy, who used the LANGUE D’OIL. See de Gembloux, “Trouvaires de Berry,” &c., Moulins, 1841.
TSAGATAI.
Alatyan: written dialect of TURKEE, formerly spoken by Uighur Tatars, the Tshagatai, who founded the Moghol dynasty in India. It is also written CHAGATAI, JAGATAI.
TSAMAK.
American: Sacramiento Indians of California; closely allied to PUJUNI. Vocaby. in “Amer. Ethnol.” vol. ii.
TSCHAGRAI.
Caucasian: sub-dialect of ABKASS.
TSCHAMBA.
African: a name for the KOURI class. A word which appears as TIEMBA, KIAMBA, &c., applied to at least six dialects, languages, or vocabularies of W. Africa; it has been supposed to be a salutation mistaken for the name of a language. See Latham’s “Elements,” p. 582.
TSCHARI-KABUTSCH.
Caucasian: sub-dialect of LESGHIAN.
TSCHEKH, _see_ BOHEMIAN.
TSCHERAT, _see_ TAKAZZE.
TSCHERDYN.
UGRIAN: dialect of Wogul.
TSCHEREMISSIAN (CHEREMISS).
Ugrian: a dialect of FINNISH, spoken along the course of the R. Volga. Grammar by Castrén, Kuopio, 1845.
TSCHINKITAN.
American: KOLUSH of Sitka-bay.
TSCHIROKESE, _see_ CHEROKEE.
TSCHUDIC, _or_ TSHUD.
Alatyan: the same as CHUDIC. It is the Slavonian name for the Fins. Used either as a class-name for the FIN class of languages, or as one special division of the Finnic stock, including LAP, SUOMIAN, and ESTHONIAN. (So Castrén and Max Müller.) Also called VESP.
TSCHUGATSCHI.
American: ESKIMO of Prince William’s Sound.
TSCHUSSOWAJA.
UGRIAN: a dialect of Wogul. (Klaproth.)
TSCHUWASCHIAN, TSCHUWASSIAN.
Same as CHUVASCH; an unclassed language spoken in Kazan and the neighbouring governments; considered by some as UGRIAN, by others as TURK. R. G. L.
TSHAMBA, _see_ TSCHAMBA.
TSHAMPA.
MALAYAN: dialect of Kambojia, classed by some as monosyllabic.
TSHAPODZHIR, TSHAPOGIREN.
Alatyan: same as CHAPOGIR, a dialect of TUNGUS.
TSHARI.
Caucasian: LESGHIAN dialect of Daghestan.
TSHEK, TSCHEKH.
SLAVONIC: same as CZECH or CHECK. _See_ BOHEMIAN.
TSHEREMIS, _see_ TSCHEREMISSIAN.
TSHERKESS, _see_ CIRCASSIAN.
TSHETSH, TSHETSCHENTS (RUSSIAN).
Caucasian: same as LAMUR and GALGAI, or HALHAI, and adjoining the LESGIANS. It is also written CHECH or CHECHENTS, and is used as a class-name for the most central division, closely allied to GEORGIAN and CIRCASSIAN, including also the ARSHTE or ARISTOIAI, INGUSH, KISTIC, TUSHI, and MIZHDZEDZHI; the last is Klaproth’s term.
TSHIHAILI.
American: division of the Atnah, Selish or Flat-head Indians; but Hale combines them all in one large group as TSIHAILI-SELISH. See “U. S. Ex. Expedition,” Philadelphia, 1846. ☞
TSHINUK.
American: a form of CHINOOK. _See_ WATLALA.
TSHNAGMJUT.
American: same as KUSKOKIWIMES.
TSHOKOYEM.
American: dialect of U. California; classed as DIEGUNO, and known as the San Raphael Mission.
TSHUKTSHI, TCHUKTCHI (TCHUTCHUS).
(1) Same as the Reindeer KORIAKS of Kamtschatka.
(2) Dialects of ESKIMO, spoken in Asia; the people are called Tshuktshi Nos or Noss, more properly Namollo.
TSHULIM.
Alatyan: TURKISH dialect, almost identical with BARABA or BARABINSKI.
TSHUVASH, _under_ TSCHU.
TSIHAILI, _under_ TSHI.
TSIKANNE, _under_ S.
TSONEKA.
American: Patagonian tribe of Tierra del Fuego. _See_ TEKEENIKA.
TSONGEISTH.
American: COWICHAN dialect of Vancouver Island.
TTYNAI, _see_ TNAINA.
TUAPOCA.
American: CARIB of the lower Orinoco, closely allied to GALIBI. See Trübner’s “Ludewig,” p. 28.
TUARIK, TOWAREK.
Sub-Semitic: BERBER dialect of the W. Sahara. Also called TEMAHUQ. Grammar by Freeman, London, 1862.
TUBAR.
American: dialect of Sinaloa, somewhat allied to TARAHUMARA and TEPEGUANA.
TUCANO.
American: Indians of the Uapes, allied to COBEU, and classed by Von Martius as JURI. Vocaby. by Wallace.
TUCUMAN, _see_ KALCHAQUI.
TUDA.
Dravidian: CANARESE dialect of the Nilgerries. See Caldwell’s Comparative Grammar. _See_ TODA.
TUDESQUE.
FRENCH word; it is put for TUDESCO, the Italian form of DEUTSCH, applied to HIGH-GERMAN.
TUKER.
POLYNESIAN: dialect of the Carolines.
T’UK’IU.
CHINESE form of the word Turk. (Klaproth.)
TUKLAVE, _see_ TAKELI.
TUKPA, _see_ TOOKPA.
TULARE.
American: Californian Indians of Lake Tulare. It is somewhat allied to COCONOONS.
TULARENA.
AMERICAN: dialect of Costa-Rica.
TULU _or_ TULUVA.
Dravidian: a dialect of the TAMULIC class, closely allied to TAMIL, TELUGU, CANARESE, and MALAYALIM. _See_ Caldwell’s Comp. Grammar.
TULUCAR.
That is, “Ari-tulucar;” TAMIL name for the Thugs.
TUMGARSEE.
American: dialect of KOLUSH. _See_ TUNGHASSE.
TUMMIMIOI, _see_ TAMOIAE.
TUMU.
African: dialect of the Gaboon, closely allied to NDOB.
TUNG-MRU.
INDO-CHINESE: “hill-men” of Arrakan.
TUNGAAS, TUNGHASSE.
American: spoken in S. of Prince of Wales’ Archipelago, and sometimes classed as SITKA.
TUNGOOS, TUNGUSIAN, TUNGAN.
ALATYAN: rude dialects of MANCHU spoken in Siberia; divisions are called CHAPOGIR, OROTONG-TUNGUS, and LAMUT. Grundzüge by Castrén, St. Petersburg, 1856. _See_ DSUNGAR.
⁂ Tunguska is the name of three rivers in Asiatic Russia.
TUNKA, TUNKIN.
Alatyan: dialect of Moghol, closely allied to SELENGA. Small Vocaby. in Latham’s “Elements,” p. 84. _See_ TONQUIN.
TUPI.
American: native language of Brazil, classed as GUARANI. There are: (1) Tupinaba, Tupinamba, called Nations of the Rio Real, in the province of Sergipe. (2) Tupininquin, a nation of Espiritu Santo. (3) Tuppinamba, called the largest tribe in Maranhao and Gran Para. Dictionary by Dias, Leipsic. 1858: and Da Silva’s “Lingoa Geral.”
⁂ It is allied to the AGAW. H. C.
TUPUAN.
Negrito: dialect of PAPUAN.
TURAJA.
ALFURU of Celebes.
TURANIAN.
Class-name, first suggested by D’Halloy for the agglutinative languages of Asia and Europe; including chiefly, FIN and LAP, UGRIAN, MOGHOL, TURK, TATAR, SAMOIED. It has since been proposed to supersede it by ALATYAN, or URAL-ALTAIC. ☞
TURCO-GREEK.
TURKISH written in characters of the Greek alphabet.
TURCOMANS, TURKOMANS.
ALATYAN: general names for nomadic Turks of Central and Western Asia, of whom the Usbegs are the leading race.
⁂ The districts known as Turkestan, Mongolia, and Zungaria comprise Central Asia.
TURIN.
Romance: provincial dialect of ITALIAN.
TURKEE.
Name for TURKISH-TATAR; also called CHANTU. Grammar by Kasem-Bek, Kasan, 1839.
TURKISH.
ALATYAN: typical dialect of TATAR, as now written and spoken at Constantinople; original dialect of the Osmanli Turkomans. The modern Turks use the Arabic characters. Grammar and Dicty. by Redhouse, London.
TURKOMANS, _see_ TURCOMANS.
TURRUBUL.
District of Australia; a dialect of S. Queensland. Vocaby. by Ridley Sydney, 1866.
TURTLES.
AMERICAN: tribes of Algonkin; both Delaware (Unami) and Mohighan (Toon-paooh).
TURUCHANSKI, TAWGI, TAWGINSKI.
Ugrian: dialects of SAMOIED. (Klaproth.)
TUSCAN.
Romance: typical dialect of pure ITALIAN. See Buommattei: “Della Lingua Toscana,” Venetia 1735.
TUSCARORA.
American: Iroquois dialect of N. Carolina, closely allied to NOTTOWAY.
TUSCH, TUSHI.
CAUCASIAN: dialect of the Tshetshentes, on the Georgian frontier. “Versuch,” &c., by Schiefner, St. Petersburg, 1856.
TUSCI, TOSK.
Same as ETRUSCAN. _See_ RAS.
TUTELOES.
American: same as MEHERRINS; classed in Jülg’s edition of “Vater” as Irokese of Virginia.
TU-TOYER.
French term for making use of familiar speech.
TUTUILA.
POLYNESIAN: dialect of the Navigator’s Islands.
TVER.
Ugrian: dialect of FIN, spoken in Russia.
TYMSKI, _see_ TOMSKI.
TYNTEEAS.
INDIAN: savage tribes E. of Bengal.
TYROLESE.
Teutonic: classed as HIGH-GERMAN. _See_ KITZBUHEL.
TZAKONIAN.
Hellenic: dialect of modern GREEK, spoken in the Gulf of Nauplia (Laconia), and at Mount Taygetus. Tract by Deville, “Le Dialecte Tzaconien.”
TZECKISH, _see_ BOHEMIAN.
TZENDALE, _see_ CELDALES.
ADDENDA.
TACULLIE.
American: same as TAKULLI. The name of TAH-CULLY means “deep-water Indians.”
TANTRAS.
Works of HINDU ritual, adopted or modified by Buddhists.
TAUAN.
Negrito: Taua is a small island near New Guinea, the inhabitants of which speak PAPUAN. W. G.
TAYUNG.
Assam; said to be a dialect of MISHMI and like MIJHU, but dissimilar and presenting some remarkable peculiarities. H. C.
TEDESCO, _see_ TUDESQUE.
TEETS _or_ HAITLIN.
AMERICAN: Indians of Frazer River; also called SA-CHINCO, or “Strangers.”
TENE.
African: a MANDINGO vocabulary in “Polyglotta Africana.” H. C.
TIENTSIN.
CHINESE: local dialect of the port of Pekin.
TOUMBULU, } TOUMPAKEWA, } TOUNDANO, } _see_ MINAHASSA. TOUNSAWANG, } TOUNSEA. }
TROVATORE.
Italian form of “Troubadour;” the Trovatori used the LINGUA DE SI.
TSHAGATAI.
Same as TSAGATAI. A recent writer states that the language described by Professor Vambery as CAGATAIC is the dialect of Kashgar.
TUNGANIS.
Chinese rebels.
TURKO-ARMENIAN.
TURKISH: written in characters of the Armenian alphabet.
TURKO-TATAR.
Term applied to the Eastern TURKISH languages.
U.
UAINAMBEU.
American: same as MAUHE; a dialect of the Rio Negro, spoken by the Humming-Bird Indians, and somewhat allied to the BARREE. _See_ JURI.
UALAN, _see_ ULEA.
UARA, UARACA.
American: dialects of TAMANAQUE, spoken by the Uara-Mukuru and the Uaraca-Paccili.
UCAYALE.
AMERICAN: dialects localised upon the course of river so named. _See_ COCAMA.
UCHEE, UCHI.
American: tribe of Creek Indians; it is now spoken in Florida, originally of Louisiana. Vocaby. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii.
UDE.
Caucasian: same as COLCHIAN. Herodotus (Book ii.) thought the Colchians were an offshoot of the Egyptians planted by Sesostris. The BZYB is its best known dialect. It is allied to EGYPTIAN and COPTIC. See Papers of “Anthrop. Instit.”; Schiefner’s Grammar. H. C.
UDOM.
African: dialect of the Gaboon, closely allied to MBOFIA.
UDORIAN.
ALATYAN: Ugrian dialect of Udorsk; “Uhdmurd,” “free people.”
UDSO.
African: dialect of BONNY.
UEA.
POLYNESIAN: dialect of the Loyalty group, also spoken in Wallis’s Island.
UGALENZI.
American: KOLUSH dialect of Mount Elias.
UGALJACHMUTZI.
American: Athabascan; classed as KINAI.
UGOR, UGRIAN, URALIAN.
CHUDIC: a sub-division of the TURANIAN family of languages, comprising FIN, HUNGARIAN or MAGYAR, OSTIAK, VOGUL or WOGUL, and the non-Slavonic BULGARIAN. It is also called UGRO-TARTARIAN.
UGOR (2).
MELANESIAN: island in the Papuan group; mixed dialect. W. G.
UHOBO.
African: quoted in Jülg’s edition of “Vater” from Kilham’s specimens.
UIGUR.
Alatyan: same as IGUR or IGHUR; dialect of TURKISH, a literary language spoken on the frontiers of Tibet and Mongolia. See “Uigurische Sprachmonumente,” &c., by Vambery, Innsbruck, 1870. _See_ HOR.