Chapter 18

Mr. Malham-Dembleby attaches immense importance to this green gown, which he "identifies" with the pink one worn by Lucy in _Villette_. He says that Lady Ritchie told him that Charlotte wore a green gown at the dinner-party Thackeray gave for her in June, 1850; and when the green gown turns out after all to be a white one with a green pattern on it, it is all one to Mr. Malham-Dembleby. So much for the green gown. Still, gown or no gown, the portrait _may_ be genuine. Mr. Malham-Dembleby says that it is drawn on the same paper as that used in Mr. George Smith's house, where Charlotte was staying in June 1850, and he argues that Charlotte and M. Héger met in London that year, and that he then drew this portrait of her from the life. True, the portrait is a very creditable performance for an amateur; true, M. Héger's children maintained that their father did not draw, and there is no earthly evidence that he did; true, we have nothing but one person's report of another person's (a collector's) statement that he had obtained the portrait from the Héger family, a statement at variance with the evidence of the Héger family itself. But granted that the children of M. Héger were mistaken as to their father's gift, and that he did draw this portrait of Charlotte Brontë from Charlotte herself in London in 1850, I cannot see that it matters a straw or helps us to the assumption of the great tragic passion which is the main support of Mr. Malham-Dembleby's amazing fabrication.

APPENDIX II

Leyland's theory is that Branwell Brontë wrote the first seventeen chapters of _Wuthering Heights_. It has very little beyond Leyland's passionate conviction to support it. There is a passage in a letter of Branwell's to Leyland, the sculptor, written in 1845, where he says he is writing a three-volume novel of which the first volume is completed. He compares it with "Hamlet" and with "Lear". There is also Branwell's alleged statement to Mr. Grundy. And there is an obscure legend of manuscripts produced from Branwell's hat, before the eyes of Mr. Grundy, in an inn-parlour. Leyland argues freely from the antecedent probability suggested by Branwell's letters and his verse, which he published by way of vindication. He could hardly have done Branwell a worse service. Branwell's letters give us a vivid idea of the sort of manuscripts that would be produced, in inn-parlours, from his hat. As for his verse--that formless, fluent gush of sentimentalism--it might have passed as an error of his youth, but for poor Leyland's comments on its majesty and beauty. There are corpses in it and tombstones, and girls dying of tuberculosis, obscured beyond recognition in a mush of verbiage. There is not a live line in it. One sonnet only, out of Branwell's many sonnets, is fitted to survive. It has a certain melancholy, sentimental grace. But it is not a good sonnet, and it shows Branwell at his best. At his worst he sinks far below Charlotte at her worst, and, compared with Emily or with Charlotte at her best, Branwell is nowhere. Even Anne beats him. Her sad, virginal restraint gives a certain form and value to her colourless and slender gift.

There is a psychology of such things, as there is a psychology of works of genius. Emily Brontë's work, with all its faults of construction, shows one and indivisible, fused in one fire from first to last. One cannot take the first seventeen chapters of _Wuthering Heights_ and separate them from the rest. There is no faltering anywhere and no break in the power and the passion of this stupendous tale. And where passion is, sentimentalism is not. And there is not anywhere in _Wuthering Heights_ a trace of that corruption which for the life of him Branwell could not have kept out of the manuscripts he produced from his hat.

INDEX

Absolute, the, 16, 176. _Agnes Grey_, 39, 40, 49. Augustine, St., 185.

Ballynaskeagh, 20. Balzac, 54, 120, 121, 163. Bassompierre, Pauline de, in Villette, 153-157. Being, 184. -- Parmenides on, 185. Birrell, Mr., 14, 20, 31, 41, 65. Blake, William, 175, 178. Branwell, Miss, at Haworth, 23, 24. -- -- death of, 36. -- Maria, marries Rev. Patrick Brontë, 20. -- -- illness of, 23. -- -- death of, 23. Brontë-- Anne, 49-57. -- 27, 28. -- at Thornton, 20. -- at Haworth, 20, 27, 33, 39. -- at Thorp Green, 33, 36, 38, 50. -- in London, 40. -- character of 49-51, 55, 56. -- death of, 45. -- diary of, 34, 168, 194. -- Poems of, 54-57, 188, 246. -- novels of, 39, 49-54. -- and Branwell Brontë compared, 54, 246. Charlotte, 57-167. Charlotte at Thornton, 20. -- at Haworth, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 31, 37, 39, 46, 47, 69, 83, 94, 103, 105, 165, 235, 236. -- at Cowan Bridge, 24, 25, 27, 236. -- at Roe Head, 26, 27, 94, 95. -- at Dewsbury Moor, 27, 94. -- at Stonegappe, 28, 62-64. -- at Rawdon, 33, 35, 67. -- in Brussels, 15, 35-37, 81-90, 158, 241, 246. -- in London, 15, 40, 46, 47, 244. -- character of, 16, 66 et seq., 80, 82, 83-86, 167. -- death of, 48, 49. -- early writings of, 101-104. -- genius of, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 35, 80, 91, 103, 104, 130, 131, 171, 233. -- marriage of, 47-49. -- novels of, 105-165. -- Poems of, 39, 103, 164, 169, 170, 246. -- her love of children, 64-67, 156. -- and Emily Brontë compared, 48, 167-169, 229-231, 233. -- Mr. Swinburne on, 14, 31, 64, 65, 66, 68. Emily Jane, 167-234. -- at Haworth, 19, 20-22, 25, 26, 27, 39. -- at Cowan Bridge, 24, 25. -- at Roe Head, 27, 39. -- at Halifax, 27. -- in Brussels, 35, 36, 37. -- death of, 43, 44, 139, 140, 173. -- character of, 27, 167-173. -- diary of, 33, 38, 194. -- genius of, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 171, 172, 185-186, 187, 208, 209, 229, 233, 234, 236. -- Poems of, 17, 39, 174-185, 231, 232. -- mysticism of, 16, 168, 171, 173-181, 186. -- novel of, 39. -- paganism of, 16, 135, 136, 174, 186, 208, 214. -- and Charlotte Brontë compared, 48, 167-169, 229-231, 233. -- M. Maeterlinck on, 14, 170, 213. -- Mr. Swinburne on, 14, 174. Maria, 20, 22. -- at Cowan Bridge, 24, 25. -- character of, 24, 25. -- death of, 25. Patrick Branwell, 15, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 34, 54, 55, 58, 59, 61, 199, 236. -- at Thornton, 20. -- at Haworth, 20, 25, 28-30, 34, 42. -- at Bradford, 28, 29. -- at Luddenden Foot, 34. -- at Thorp Green, 40, 41. -- in London, 29. -- character of, 40-43, 50-54. -- death of, 43. -- authorship of _Wuthering Heights_ ascribed to, 233, 246, 247. Patrick Branwell and Emily Brontë compared, 246, 247. -- and Anne Brontë compared, 54, 233. -- and Mrs. Robinson, 40, 41, 50-52. -- Poems of, 28, 29, 42, 164, 233, 246. Patrick, Rev., 20-22, 24, 25, 36, 37, 42, 43, 83. -- at Thornton, 20. -- at Haworth, 20. -- in Ireland, 20, 21. -- character of, 20, 21, 22, 24. -- works of, 22. _Brontës, The Fact and Fiction_, by Angus Mackay, 81. Brown, John, 28, 29, 30, 51. Brussels, Charlotte Brontë in, 15, 35-37, 81-90, 158, 241, 246. -- Emily Brontë in, 35, 36, 37. -- influence of, 15, 81-90, 158. Byron, 121, 206, 207.

Children, love of, 64-67, 156. -- in Charlotte Brontë's novels, 64, 65, 66, 156. -- in George Eliot's novels, 64, 156. Cowan Bridge School, 24, 25, 27, 91, 236. Creative Impulse, the, 23, 155, 157. Criticism of Charlotte Brontë, 15, 31-33, 64-75, 78-81, 117, 120, 122. -- of _Jane Eyre_, 114, 117, 120-124, 128-142. -- of _Shirley_, 65, 68, 131, 132, 137, 138, 143. -- of _Villette_, 143-149, 153-160, 162, 163. -- of _Emma_, 161, 162. -- of Charlotte Brontë's _Poems_, 164, 165. -- of Emily Brontë's _Poems_, 174-209. Criticism of _Wuthering Heights_, 209-234. -- of _Agnes Grey_, 49, 50. -- of _The Tenant of Wildfell Hall_, 54, 55. -- of Anne Brontë's _Poems_, 54-57, 188, 246.

Dean, Nelly, in _Wuthering Heights_, 222, 224, 225, 229. Destiny, 35, 36, 37, 39, 48, 103, 105, 234. _Destiny, Wisdom and_, quoted, 170. Dewsbury, Charlotte Brontë at, 27, 94. Dialogue, 116, 117, 139, 140, 149, 230. Diary, Emily Brontë's, 33, 38, 194. -- Anne Brontë's, 34, 168, 194. Dimnet, M., 15, 16, 51, 163. -- -- his criticism of Charlotte Brontë, 16. -- -- his criticism of _Wuthering Heights_, 17. Dobell, Sydney, on Emily Brontë, 232. Dramatic instinct of Charlotte Brontë, 163, 231, 232. -- -- of Emily Brontë, 231, 232. Duclaux, Madame, 14, 20, 21, 44, 50, 61, 120. -- -- her Emily Brontë, 14, 21, 44, 50, 120, 167, 182. -- -- on _Wuthering Heights_ 211, 212. Dunton, Mr. Theodore Watts-, 14, 15.

Earnshaw, Catherine, 169, 173, 208-229. -- -- character of, 212-216, 227. -- Hareton, 209-212. -- -- character of, 215-218, 226. Earth, the, 127, 136, 143, 173, 207, 208, 224. -- Emily Brontë's love of, 136, 174, 175, 208, 222. -- Genius of, 175. -- Poem to, 207, 208. Ecstasy, 179. Eliot, George, 64, 143, 156, 171. Emanuel, Paul, 105, 144-146, 148-153, 157, 242, 243. _Emma, Fragment of_, 161, 162. Experience, 144 et seq., 170, 172, 173, 234. -- novel of, 106, 107, 143-146, 148, 164. -- how far important, 144, 145, 148, 234. -- of Charlotte Brontë, 129, 130, 172, 234. Eyre, name whence derived, 239.

Fanshawe, Ginevra, character of, 154, 159. Farrar, Dean, 55. Fielding, 123. _Fragment of Emma_, 161, 162.

Gaskell, Mrs., 20, 21, 22, 30, 42, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 96, 101, 120, 143, 147, 167. Gaskell's, Mrs., _Life of Charlotte Brontë_, 47, 57, 58, 67, 68, 234-237. Genius, -- of Charlotte Brontë, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 35, 80, 91, 103, 104, 130, 131, 171, 233. -- of Emily Brontë, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 171, 172, 185, 186, 187, 208, 209, 229, 233, 234, 236. -- the, of Place, 19, 20, 227, 228. -- the, of Earth, 174, 175. -- test of, 233, 234. "Gondal Chronicles", 38, 39, 193, 194, 232. "Gondal Poems", 17, 193-208, 234. Grundy, Francis, 33, 51, 60, 203, 246.

Haworth, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 29, 37, 42-44, 168. -- influence of, 24, 25, 30, 47, 94, 103, 105, 165, 166, 227, 228, 235, 236. Heathcliff, 53, 170, 197, 209-221, 222, 224, 225, 239-242. -- character of, 209, 210, 211, 226. -- and Zamorna, 202-207. Héger, M. Constantin, 14, 35, 36, 81-90. -- -- character of, 88, 89, 146, 147. -- -- influence of, 36, 100, 103-105. Héger's, M. Constantin, relations with Charlotte Brontë, 14, 15, 81-90, 96, 100, 104, 105, 130, 239-247. -- -- original of Paul Emanuel, 105, 144-150, 239-247. -- Madame, 14, 15, 35, 36, 85-89, 104, 148. -- -- original of Madame Beck, 144, 148, 149. Helstone, Caroline, 98, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143. -- -- and Miss Ellen Nussey, 75, 98. Henri, Frances, 89, 108-110. Heredity, 211, 212.

Imagination and the real, 130, 144.

_Jane Eyre_, 21, 24, 39, 40, 64, 68, 89, 91, 101, 103, 109, 110, 112-131, 133, 143, 148, 159, 239-247. -- -- criticisms of, 112, 116-124. -- -- dialogue in, 113, 114, 117, 118, 119. -- -- passion in, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117. -- -- reality of, 112, 113, 124. -- -- style in, 128, 129. -- -- and _The Professor_ compared, 105, 109, 110, 112, 113, 129, 138. -- -- and _Shirley_ compared, 131, 138, 141. -- -- and _Villette_ compared, 105, 144, 159. -- -- quoted, 113-115, 117-119, 125-129. John of the Cross, St., 180, 181.

Letters of Charlotte Brontë, 46, 53, 75, 76, 165, 166. -- -- to Miss Ellen Nussey, 46, 72, 75-78, 82-92. -- -- from Brussels, 84-87. -- -- to M. Héger, 90. -- -- to Southey, 99. -- -- to Wordsworth, 99. Leyland, Francis A., 60, 61. -- -- on Branwell Brontë, 81, 233, 246. -- the sculptor, 29, 51, 246. Lewes, George Henry, 33, 64, 68, 124. -- -- on _Shirley_, 68. _Life of Charlotte Brontë_, Mrs. Gaskell's, 47, 57, 58, 67, 68, 234-237. Linton, Catherine, 212, 221, 222, 227. London, Charlotte Brontë in, 15, 40, 46, 47, 244.

Mackay, Mr. Angus, 81. Maeterlinck, M., on Emily Brontë, 14, 170, 213. Malham-Dembleby, Mr. J., 87, 232, 239-245. Marriage of Charlotte Brontë, 47-49. -- Charlotte Brontë on, 69-80, 141, 142. Meredith, George, 133, 224. Moore, Louis, 134, 141, 143. -- Robert, 137, 140. Motherhood, 65-68. Mysticism, 16, 168, 169, 173-181, 186.

Nature in _Shirley_, 136, 137. -- in _Wuthering Heights_, 173. -- in Emily Brontë's Poems, 207, 208. Nicholls, Rev. Arthur Bell, 47-49, 82. Nicoll, Sir William Robertson, 14, 182, 189, 190. _Note on Charlotte Brontë_, by Algernon Charles Swinburne, 14, 64. Novel, the, 163. Novels of Charlotte Brontë, 105-165. -- of Anne Brontë, 39, 49-54. -- of Emily Brontë, 39, 209-234. Nussey, Miss Ellen, 26, 46, 58, 72, 73, 75-78, 84, 168, 169. -- -- Charlotte Brontë's friendship with, 91-99. -- -- Charlotte Brontë's letters to, 31, 46, 72, 75-78, 86, 91-99. -- -- Charlotte Brontë's advice to, 75-78, 84. -- -- influence of, 91-93. -- Rev. Henry, 79, 80. -- -- original of St. John Rivers, 91, 141, 145.

Oliphant, Mrs., on Charlotte Brontë, 31, 32, 33, 69-74, 79, 80, 117, 141. -- -- on _Shirley_, 70, 71, 72, 141, 142.

Paganism, Emily Brontë's, 16, 135, 136, 174, 186, 208, 214. -- in _Wuthering Heights_, 209, 211, 214, 222. Pantheism, Emily Brontë's, 171, 184. Parmenides, Poem on _Nature_, 185. Passion, Charlotte Brontë's treatment of, 106, 116, 123, 124, 176. -- Emily Brontë's treatment of, 172, 213, 214. -- Dickens' Treatment of, 123. -- Fielding's treatment of, 123. -- Jane Austen's treatment of, 124. -- Smollett's treatment of, 123. -- Thackeray's treatment of, 123. -- in _Jane Eyre_, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117. -- in _Shirley_, 131, 141. -- in _Villette_, 159. -- in _Wuthering Heights_, 210, 211, 212, 213, 218, 221, 222, 224, 228, 231. -- in Emily Brontë's Poems, 179, 180, 182, 196, 199, 200, 205, 208. -- in Emily Brontë's soul, 170-172, 174, 209. -- test in reality, 159. "Philosopher, The", 177. Philosophy, Emily Brontë's, 169, 175, 176, 177. _Pictures of the Past_, by Francis Grundy, 60. Poems of Anne Brontë, 54-57, 164, 188, 246. -- of Branwell Brontë, 28, 29, 42, 164, 233, 246. -- of Charlotte Brontë, 39, 103, 164, 169, 170, 246. -- of Emily Brontë, 17, 39, 174-185, 231, 232. -- _The Complete_, of Emily Brontë, "Poems, Gondal", 17, 193-208, 234. _Professor, The_, 39, 89, 105, 106, 107-112, 138. _Professor, The_ and _Jane Eyre_ compared, 105, 109, 110, 112, 113, 129, 138. -- -- and _Villette_ compared, 111. -- -- quoted, 107, 108, 109, 111. Pryor, Mrs., 140.

_Quarterly Review, The_, 53, 114, 117, 120, 121, 131.

Real, the, -- Imagination and the, 130, 134. -- germ of the, 138, 145, 158. Realism, 163, 221, 231. Reality, 113, 124, 138, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 158, 159, 163, 171, 173, 174, 176, 228, 230, 231. Reid, Sir T. Wemyss, 58, 96. -- -- on Charlotte Brontë, 58, 81, 100. -- -- quoted, 58-60. Rigby, Miss (Lady Eastlake), 122. Rivers, St. John, 91, 145. Robinson, Miss A. Mary F. _See_ Duclaux, Madame. -- Mrs., 15, 33. -- -- and Branwell Brontë, 15, 41, 42, 52. -- -- vindicated, 41, 50. Rochester, character of, 113, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 125, 140, 141. Roe Head, 26, 27, 95, 162.

Sidgwick, Mr., 28, 64. -- Mrs., 28, 62-64. _Shirley_, 46, 65, 68, 72, 100, 131-143. -- portrait of Emily Brontë in, 70, 71, 133, 137, 147. -- dialogue in, 139-141. -- criticism of, 64, 65, 68, 137, 138. -- style in, 139, 140, 141. -- Woman in, 70, 71, 132, 133, 137, 141, 143. _Shirley_ and _Jane Eyre_ compared, 131, 138, 141. -- and _Villette_ compared, 111, 141, 148, 159. -- and _Wuthering Heights_ compared, 139. -- quoted, 133-137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142. Shorter, Mr. Clement K., 13, 14, 74, 82, 84, 87, 88, 96, 100, 101, 186-190, 191, 193. _See also_ Prefatory Note. Smith, Mr. George, 40, 144, 158. Smollett, 123. Snowe, Lucy, 71, 79, 89. -- -- and Pauline de Bassompierre, 153-157. Sources of _Wuthering Heights_, 16, 196-209, 231. Southey, Robert, Charlotte Brontë's letter to, 99. Southey's, Robert, advice to Charlotte Brontë, 99. Stephen, Mr. Leslie, 62, 63, 79. Style, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 128, 160, 161, 162, 230, 231. Sue, Eugène, 243, 244. Supernatural, the, in _Wuthering Heights_, 16, 207-221. Swinburne, Mr., on Charlotte Brontë, 14, 31, 64-65, 66, 68. -- -- on Emily Brontë, 14, 174.

Taylor, Miss Mary, 15, 35, 58, 91, 92, 94, 98. -- Mr. Joe, 72. -- Mr. James, 72, 73, 74, 145. Temperament, Charlotte Brontë's, 73, 81. _Tenant of Wildfell Hall, The_, 39, 40, 54, 55. -- -- audacity of, 54. -- -- realism of, 54. -- -- and Farrar's _Eternal Hope_, 55. Thackeray, 15, 47, 61, 123. Theories, 16, 17, 57-90, 100, 106, 231-332, 237, 238-247. Thornton, 20.

_Villette_, 46, 89, 100, 105, 140-161. -- Lucy Snowe in, 71, 79, 89. -- M. Paul in. _See_ Emanuel Paul. -- dialogue in, 149. -- germ of the real in, 145, 158. -- reality of, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 158, 159, 163. -- realism of, 163, 164. -- style in, 160, 161. -- and _The Professor_ compared, 98, 99, 111, 112. -- and _Jane Eyre_ compared, 105, 144, 159. -- and _Shirley_ compared, 111, 141, 148, 159. -- quoted, 149-153, 154, 155, 157.

Ward, Mrs. Humphry, 14, 196. Williams, Mr. W.S., 40. -- -- Charlotte Brontë's letter to, 78. Wilson, Rev. Carus, 24, 25. _Wisdom and Destiny_ quoted, 170, 213. Woman, 69, 70, 117, 118, 132, 133, 140, 142, 143. Woman, mid-Victorian, 71, 118, 132. -- modern, 133. Woman's place in the world, 78, 142. Women, Charlotte Brontë's, 69, 70, 132, 133. Wooler, Miss, 26, 27, 35, 98. Wordsworth, letters to, 99. _Wuthering Heights_, 16, 17, 21, 39, 40, 46, 105, 127, 128, 130, 131, 139, 172, 173, 208-234. -- -- criticism of, 209-233. -- -- dialogue in, 218, 219, 220-221, 223, 224. -- -- mysticism in, 173. -- -- paganism in, 209, 211, 214, 222. -- -- passion in, 210, 211, 212, 213, 218, 221, 222, 224, 228, 231. -- -- realism in, 221, 224, 228. -- -- style in, 228, 230. -- -- the supernatural in, 17, 196-209, 216. -- -- sources of, 232, 233, 234.

Zamorna. -- _See_ Heathcliff. -- _See_ "Gondal Poems".

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