CHAPTER III

ARGUMENT FROM CAUSAL RELATION

I. Argument from Effect to Cause 208

1. The alleged cause must be sufficient to produce the effect 210

2. No other cause must have intervened between the alleged cause and the effect 211

3. The alleged cause must not have been prevented from operating 212

II. Argument from Cause to Effect 213

1. The observed cause must be sufficient to produce the alleged effect 215

2. When past experience is invoked it must show that the alleged effect has always followed the observed cause 215

3. No force must intervene to prevent the observed cause from operating to produce the alleged effect 216

4. The conclusion established should be verified by positive evidence whenever possible 217

III. Argument from Effect to Effect 218