Chapter XVII.

Footnote 687:

See the virulent opposition of certain reactionaries of Korea against the railroad, shipping, and other economic enterprises of the Japanese in the peninsula, as expressed in a circular letter issued by them in June, 1904, and published in the _Dōbun-kwai_, No. 56 (July, 1904), pp. 57–62. Here, as everywhere, the student should carefully observe the nature of the opposition, its agents, and their motives. Cf. the latest issues of the _Korea Review_, edited by Mr. H. B. Hulbert, Seul.

INDEX

Agriculture of Japan, 2; production, 3–4; in finance, 4–5; arable land, 5–6 and notes; improvements, 6; domestic animals, 6 n. 4; wages and profits, 6–7; subsidiary occupation, 7; owners and tenants, 7 and n. 2.

Agriculture of Korea, 26–28; forestry, 28; waste land, 27–28 n. 1.

Alexieff, Admiral, and Tsêng-chi, 166–172; at conference at Port Arthur, 301, 312–313; made Viceroy of the Far East, 301; position in the negotiations, 307, 312–313, 323, 332, 339 n. 3, n. 4.

Alexieff, Kir, 269, 278.

American, trade at Niu-chwang, 16 n. 3, 17, 165; kerosene, 40; cotton goods in Manchuria, 41; trade in Manchuria under Chinese and Russian rule, 41–42; Chinese treaty, 317, 335. (Also see the _United States_.)

Amur, the, 144, 145.

Anglo-German Agreement, 157 ff.; leading to the Anglo-Japanese Agreement, 199; differs from the latter, 207–208. (Also see _England_ and _Germany_.)

Anglo-Japanese Agreement, 202–208, 315 n. 1, 355; events leading up to, 197–202; includes Manchuria, 207; compared with the Anglo-German Agreement, 207–208. (Also see _England_ and _Japan_.)

An-tung, 155; in Russian occupation, 239; strengthened, 292, 319; as a timber port, 290; as an open port, 255, 317, 318, 335.

Artillery, of Chinese police in Manchuria, 175, 192.

Austria, 159.

Balance of power in China, 108, 127 and n. 1, 159, 208.

Bank-notes in Korea, 23, 281.

Barley in Japan, 4.

Beans, 4, 9, 13–14, 18.

Benckendorff, 313, 314, 334 n. 3.

Bezobrazoff, 291 n. 3, 313.

Blagovestchensk, 144, 155, 316.

Boxer trouble, the, 139; cost for Russia, 33. (Also see _China_, _Manchuria_.)

Brown, MacLeavy, 269, 278.

Bülow, von, on Kiao-chau, 102, 106; on the Anglo-German Agreement, 161; on the Anglo-Japanese alliance, 199 n. 1. (Also see _Germany_.)

Cable at Chemulpo, 356, 358, 361.

Cannon, in Chinese police in Manchuria, 175, 192.

Cassini, Count, on the development of Manchuria, 43–44; at Peking, 87, 94; the “Cassini Convention,” 87–95, 98, 224–225; on Russian soldiers in Manchuria, 237 n. 1; on Lessar’s demands, 248 ff.; on new ports, 253; on the contents of the last Russian reply to Japan, 340 n.; on the responsibility of the war, 351 n. 1.

Cazalis, 279.

Chang Chih-tung, 176, 177, 178, 189, 191.

Chemulpo, trade at, 15, 19–20; Seul Railway, 24 and n. 1; kerosene at, 40 and n. 3; Admiral Starck at, 293; cable at, 356, 358, 361; naval war at, 345, 356, 358, 361.

Chili, Province of, 179, 218, 243.

China, merchants of, in Korea, 14 n. 2, 15; ceding Primorsk to Russia, 66; suzerain over Korea, 257; war with Japan, 257, 369; loan guaranteed by Russia, 83–84; alliance with Russia, 85, 93, 94 n. 2; envoy at the Czar’s coronation, 87; contribution to the Russo-Chinese Bank, 84; to the Manchurian Railway, 96; railway agreement with Russia, 96–99; Anglo-German loan, 107, 113, 117–118; proposed Russian loan, 112; balance of power, 108, 127 and n. 1, 159, 208; Russian convention of evacuation, 93; treaties with Japan and the U. S., 317–318, 335.

China, independence of, 203, 205, 208, 209; integrity of, 203, 205, 208, 297, 303, 305, 310–311, 324, 329, 333, 336, 338, 340 n., 343, 347; neutrality of, advised by Japan, 363–364, declared, 365–366; the open door in, 202, 203, 205, 208, 211. (Also see _Boxer_, _Court_, _Emperor_, _Manchuria_, and _Russia_.)

Ching, Prince, 94, 162 and n. 2, 177, 182, 191, 192, 193, 196, 214, 228 n. 2, 229, 234, 245, 251, 254, 316.

Chinnampo, 19.

Chishima (the Kuriles), 66 and n. 1, 67.

Conger, 191, 193, 196, 245, 252.

Cotton and cotton goods, 9, 10–11, 41.

Court, the Chinese, leaving for Si-ngan, 161, n. 1; returning to Peking, 214.

Dalny, as Russia’s Manchurian port, 37–43; Cassini on, 44; organization and administration, 133–134; as a free port, 42, 45 n. 1, 117, 137; troops leaving for the Korean frontier, 340, 353; demand for timber, 290.

“Depots” in Manchuria, 44–45, 235; not to be opened, 315.

_Dōbun-kwai_ = the _Tō-A Dōbun-kwai Hōkoku_, monthly reports of the Tō-A Dōbun Association.

East Asia, its extent, 8 n. 3; trade with Japan, 8 and notes; imports into Japan, 9; importance to Japan, 9–10. (Also see _Korea_ and _Manchuria_.)

Eastern Chinese Railway, 32–33, 134, 325; Company, 96–99, 174, 176, 182, 230. (Also see _Manchuria_ and _Railway_.)

Education in Japan and Russia, 56 n. 2.

Emperor, Chinese, 176, 177, 182, 183.

Empress Dowager, 219, 245.

England, mediating for China, 68; declining to join in coercion, 72, 74; advising Japan to retrocede all Liao-tung, 76; increasing common interest with Japan and the U. S., 76, 78; attitude toward the Kiao-chau affair, 106–109; policy about Talien-wan, 113, about Port Arthur, 119 ff., 127 n. 2; at Wei-hai-wei, 107 n. 1, 125–126, 128–129; reply to Hay, 136; in South and Middle China, 141–142; agreement with Germany, 156–161; interests in Manchuria, 165; on the Alexieff-Tsêng Agreement, 169; appealed to by China, 182, 183–184; on the Lamsdorff-Yang-yu Agreement, 177, 184–185; on Russian demands, 193, 196; interests in China, 203, 206, 208; relations with Japan, 197–199, 205; agreement with her, 199–208; protest against Russian demands of 1903, 245, 246, 254; on Korean neutrality, 255, 360–361.

Equal opportunity, the principle of (definition), 10 and n. 1, 106, 135–138, 139, 159, 165, 202, 205, 208, 211, 297, 303, 305.

Evacuation, the convention of, 93, 196, 214 ff.; conditions for, 225, 227 ff.; from the west of Liao, 233 ff., 365–366; nominal nature of, 234 ff.; the last day set for, 311; a new arrangement for, proposed, 311. (Also see _Manchuria_.)

Far East, vice-royalty of the, 301–302.

Fêng-hwang-Chêng, 155, 239, 292.

Fêng-tien, Province of (Sheng-king), 166. (Also see _Sheng-king_.)

Finance, Japanese, agriculture in, 4, 5; army and navy, and total revenue and expenditures, 80, n. 1.

First Bank of Japan, in Korea, 23, 281.

Fisheries in Korean waters, 26.

Flour, 40.

Food-stuffs. See _Agriculture_.

Formosa, 2, 5, 22, 70.

France, joining Russia in 1895, 71–77; sympathies with Russia, 78; reply to Hay, 136; on the Anglo-German Agreement, 159; peace terms after the Boxer trouble, 163; Declaration with Russia, 207–213, 355.

Frontier guards, 98, 230–232.

Fusan, trade at, 15, 19; Japanese in, 23; Seul Railway, 24 and n. 2, n. 3, 286 and n.; Seul telegraph, 265; Japanese gendarmes, 265; troops in, 266; Russian Consul at, 360, 362.

Gensan (Wonsan), 25, n. 1; Japanese troops in, 266.

Germany, not joining in intervention, 68; advising Japan, 69; coöperating with Russia and France, 71–77; as a free lance, 78; service to China, 101 and n. 2; leasing Kiao-chau, 101–109; attitude toward Wei-hai-Wei, 107 n. 1; reply to Hay, 136; agreement with England, 156–161; at peace conferences at Peking, 162; the Ketteler murder, 164; on the Alexieff-Tsêng Agreement, 169 and n. 3; on the Lamsdorff-Yang-yu Agreement, 178; on the Anglo-Japanese alliance, 199 n. 1; the Kaiser on China’s neutrality, 365.

Giers, M. de, in Peking, 141, 152, 179, 181 and n. 1, 190.

Ginseng, in Korea, 25.

Great Britain. See _England_.

Gribsky, General, 144, 155.

Griscom, in Tokio, 364.

Groderkoff, General, 145.

Gubbins, in Seul, 278.

Gunzburg, Baron, 25 and n. 3, 279, 280, 288, 319, 321.

Habarofsk, 341, 353.

Harbin, retaken, 144; development, 43–54; telegraphic connections with Wiju and Port Arthur, 285; as open port, 255; not to be opened, 45, 314.

Hardinge, at St. Petersburg, 231.

Harris, Townsend, 56.

Hart, Sir Robert, 112.

Hay, Secretary John, circular note of, in 1899, 135–138; on Russia’s propositions, 150 n. 1; circular of, July 3, 1900, 150 n. 1; on Russian demands, 194; making inquiries at St. Petersburg, 246; negotiating for opening Manchurian ports, 252–254; on China’s neutrality, 364–365.

Hayashi, Gonsuke, in Korea, contrasted with Pavloff, 273; regarding Masampo, 275, 277; about MacLeavy Brown, 278; about Russian loan, 279; about Yong-am-po, 319, 320; signed the Korean Protocol, 367.

Hayashi, Baron H., in London, 204.

Hei-lung, Province of, 221, 241, 316.

Herbert, Sir Michael, 252.

Henry, Prince, of Germany, 104.

Heyking, Baron von, 104–105, 105 n. 4.

Hilidebrand, Admiral, 276.

Hill, J. J., on freight to the East, 42 n.

Hong-kong, 8 n. 3, 16 n. 3.

Hoshi, Tōru, 258.

Hosie, Alexander, 228 n. 1, 231.

Ignatieff, 66.

Indemnity, Chinese, to Japan, 70, 84; to the Powers, 233.

Independence, of Korea, 257, 266, 271; of Korea and China, 202, 203, 205, 208, 209.

Integrity of China, forgotten in 1898, 139; in the Anglo-German Agreement, 159; in 1900, 139, 165; of China and Korea, 105–106, 203, 205, 208, 211.

Inoüé, Count, at Seul, 258, 259, 260; as Privy Councilor, 296, 324, 329, 337, 342.

Issues of the conflict: (1) economic, Japan’s side, transition, 1–10; community of interest with Korea and Manchuria, 10–32; Russia’s side, 32–47; comparison, 47–48; (2) political, 48–51; summary, 51–53; conclusion, 53–61; issues not causes, 65.

Italy, 159.

Itō, Marquis H., as Peace Commissioner at Shimonoseki, 69; on agreements with Russia and Great Britain, 200 and n. 1, 263 n. 5; as Privy Councilor, 296, 324, 329, 337, 342.

Japan, alleged disregard of life of the Japanese, 82; the _samurai’s_ ethical code, 82 n. 1; patriotism, 81, 82 n. 1; past training, 81, 82 n. 1; as representing new civilization, 53–64; fundamental policy, 81.

——, agriculture, 2–7; capitalization, 80 n. 2; education, 56 n. 2; finance, 4–5, 80 notes; manufacture, 2–3, 3 and note 2; population, 1–2, 8, 80 n. 2; trade, 2 ff.; trade with Korea and Manchuria, 10–21; interests in China, 203, 206, 208; economic interests in Manchuria, 10–18, 30–31, 165; political interests in Manchuria, 49–50; special interests in Korea, 10–16, 19–30, 203, 207, 298, 303, 305–307, 308–309, 324, 326, 328, 331, 338, 367 ff.; soldiers in Korea, 265, 266 and n. 2; political policy in Korea, 52 and n. 2; common interest with other Powers in Korea and Manchuria, 32, 76, 78, 81.

——, war with China, 68–69, 267; treaty of Shimonoseki, 70; retrocession of Liao-tung, 71–78, its effects, 78–82; army and navy expenses, 80 n. 1; inquiries at St. Petersburg, 85; attitude toward the Russian lease of Port Arthur, 128, toward the British lease of Wei-hai-Wei, 128–129, 128 n. 3, 129 n. 1; reply to Hay, 136; signatory to the Anglo-German Agreement, 159; at peace conferences, 164; warning to China, 169; on the Yang-yu Agreement, 178, 186–187; on the question of official punishment, 181; on Russian demands, 193, 196; relations with England, 197–199, 205; negotiations for alliance, 199–202; the Anglo-Japanese Agreement, 202–208; on Plançon’s demands, 245, 246, 254, 256.

——, negotiations with Russia: invitation to negotiate, 296–299; the first note, 302–307; transfers negotiations to St. Petersburg, 307–308; the first Russian reply, 308–311; the second note, 324–327; the second Russian reply, 328 n. 2; the third note, 329–331; the third Russian reply, 332–334; economic losses, 336; the fourth note, 337–339; the probable contents of the reply, 339 n. 4; warlike preparations, 341 n. 1; negotiations broken, 342–344; all relations severed, 344; Russian views of the negotiations, 349–351; treaty with China, 317–318, 335; declaration of war, 346–348.

——, advises China to be neutral, 363–364; upholds China’s neutrality, 366; Korean relations, 356, 359; the Protocol, 366 ff.; reform in Korea, 257–260, 366 ff.

Jordan, in Seul, 269, 282.

Ka-heung, 265.

Katō, Masuo, 280 n. 3.

Katō, T., ex-Foreign Minister, 198 n. 3.

Katsu, Awa, late Count, 51 n. 1.

Katsura, Tarō, Viscount, Premier, 200, 296, 324, 329, 337, 342.

Kerosene oil, at Vladivostok, 40; at Chemulpo, 40.

Ketteler, Baron von, 164.

Keyserling, whaling concession, 46 n. 3, 283 and n. 2.

Kiakhta, 38.

Kiao-chau, use by Russia promised, 86; in the “Cassini Convention,” 89; desired by Germany, 101–102; seized, 104; leased, 105.

Kin-chow, 131, 175, 182.

Kinder, C. W., 91, 156.

Kion-song, 285.

Kiong-hung, 284.

Kirin, Province of, 221, 241, 316.

Kojedo, Island, 276.

_Koku_ = 4.9629 bushels (dry) or 39.7033 gallons (liquid).

_Kokumin_ = the _Kokumin Shimbun_ (National News), a daily journal edited by Hon. I. Tokutomi, Tokio.

Komura, Baron, J., 212; at Seul, 261, 265; the K.-Waeber Memorandum, 265–266; before the Throne, 296, 324, 329, 337, 342, etc.; invites Russia to negotiate, 296–299; desires an understanding with Russia, 300; sends the first note, 302; receives the first reply, 308; confers with Rosen, 324, etc.; sends the third note, 329–331; corrects Russia’s error, 333 n.; points out Russian fallacy, 334; sends the fourth note, 337–339; sends the final notes to Kurino, 342; on Chinese neutrality, 363–364; on Hay’s note, 364. (Also see _Japan_.)

Korea, population of, 27–28 n. 1; fairs in, 24 n. 3; currency of, 23 and n. 3; railways in, 24 and n. 1, 303, 325; official corruption in, 20, 27; trade, 10–16, 17, 19–20, 21; Japanese in, 21–26; land-purchase in, 23 n. 1; land-rent in, 29 n. 1; connected with Manchuria, 49–50; Russian interests in, 46–48; Japanese and Russian interests in, compared, 47–48, 51–53.

——, dependent on China, 257, 267; China’s place in, replaced by Russia, 77; the Queen of, 258–261; the King (Emperor since October, 1897) of, 261, 262–263, 265, 269, 273 n. 1, at the Russian Legation, 284, 289, flexible will of, 273–274, interested in timber work, 290 n. 2, E. and Government, 320 n. 2, Pavloff before E., 322 n., E. neutral, 355, Russia claims E. was coerced, 356, 359; the Imperial House guaranteed by Japan, 367; timber concessions, 46 and n. 2; whaling concessions, 46 and n. 3; bank-notes, 23 and n. 2, 281; the Korean Straits, 309, 325, 326, 328, 331, 333, 340 n.

——, independence of, 52 and n. 2, 60, 70, 71, 73, 75, 128, 202, 203, 208, 209, 257, 266, 271, 297, 303, 305–307, 308, 324, 328, 337, 342–343, 347, 355, 367 ff.; integrity of, 203, 208, 211; “open door” in, 202, 203, 205, 208, 211; neutrality of, 322 and n. 2, 355–357, 357–360, 360–362.

——, Japan’s interests in and reform of (see _Issues_ and _Japan_), 257–260, 298, 303, 304, 305–307, 308–309, 324, 326, 328, 331, 338, 356, 359, 366 ff.; the new treaty with Japan, 366 ff.

_Korea Review_, the, 372 n. 1, etc.

“Korietz,” the, 281.

Kun-chun, 353.

Kurile Islands, the (Chishima), 66 and n. 1, 67.

Kurino, S., at St. Petersburg, receives the first note, 296–299; reports Russia’s assent, 299; hands in the note, 302; hears of the first reply, 308; hands in the third note, 331; hears from Komura, 337; urges an early reply, 339; delivers the last notes, 345; leaves Russia, 345 n. 1; 349 and n. 2; 350 and n. 1. (Also see _Japan_ and _Komura_.)

Kuropatkin, General, 300.

_Kwampō_ = the _Kwampō_, Official Gazette of the Japanese Government, issued daily.

Kwan-tung, the, 132–134, 301.

Lamsdorff, succeeds Muravieff as Foreign Minister, 143; on Manchurian conquest, 146; on the Alexieff-Tsêng Agreement, 169–170, 171–172; deprecates punitive expeditions, 179; on official punishment, 180; presses Yang-yu, 182; on the agreement with him, 185–186; replies to Hay, 194–196; ignorant of soldiers near Korea, 239; disclaimer, 246 ff.

——, agrees to negotiate, 299 and n. 2, 300; probably overshadowed, 301–302; receives the first note, 302; insists on negotiating at St. Petersburg, 307; receives the third note, 331–332; delays reply, 339; intimates reply, 339 n.; receives the final notes, 344; misstatement, 349 n. 2, 350 n. 2; blames Japan for breaking peace, 349–351, for violating international law, 355–357, 360–362. (Also see _Manchuria_ and _Russia_.)

Land trade with the East, 55, 61–64.

Lansdowne, the Marquess of, on the Anglo-German Agreement, 161; on the Lamsdorff-Yang-yu Agreement, 185; warns China, 189; signs the Anglo-Japanese Agreement, 204; on the alliance, 205–207; on the convention of evacuation, 229; on British policy in China, 246; on Russian policy in Manchuria, 315 n. 1; on evacuation, 334 n. 3. (Also see _England_.)

Lascelles, Sir Frank, in Berlin, 108.

Lessar, Paul, new Russian Minister at Peking, 190; presents demands, 190; signs convention of evacuation, 220; his accompanying note, 224; on number of Chinese troops in Manchuria, 228 n. 2; on barracks, 236 n.; on evacuation of Niu-chwang, 237–238; on China’s breach of faith, 252 n. 2; on sick leave, 247; renews Plançon’s demands, 254; at Port Arthur, 301; diplomacy in Peking, 312, 315–316, 336. (Also see _Manchuria_ and _Russia_.)

Li Ching-fang, 69.

Li Hung-chang, peace envoy to Japan, 69–71; envoy to Russia, 87, 90, 268; signs the Port Arthur lease, 129; on the Boxer affair, 142; desires withdrawal of allied troops, 153 and n. 2; as plenipotentiary, 162 and n. 2; inclined to accept Russian demand early in 1901, 181 n. 1, 184; again later in 1901, 191 and n.

Li Ping-hing, 104.

Liao River, the, as trade artery, 39; as boundary of neutral territory, 366.

Liao-tung Peninsula, the, ceded, 70; retroceded, 70–77; its significance, 77–78; effects on Japan, 78–82; on Korea, 259.

Liao-yang, Boxers in, 144; retaken, 155; troops from, 292, 340, 353; barracks in, 235; soldiers in, 235 n. 4, 240; fortification of, 353.

Liu Kun-yi, 176, 177, 178, 189.

Lobanoff-Yamagata Protocol, the, 264.

Lo-fêng-luh, 182–183.

Long White Mountains, the, 290.

_Ma tseh_ (mounted bandits), 227–229, 291 and n. 2.

MacCormick, in St. Petersburg, 246, 253.

MacDonald, Sir Claude, in Peking, 90, 92, 107, 113–114, 121, 129, 131; in Tokio, 205.

Makaroff, Admiral, 274.

Manchuria, people, 31 n. 3; population, 37 n. 1; resources, 36–37; wheat, 17; flour, 40; millet, 17–18; beans, 18; trade with Japan, 10–16, 17, 20, 21, 26 ff.; trade with Russia, 33–36, 41; mining, 90; Russian interests, 32–33 and notes, 303, 305, 325, 326; political interests, 48–49.

——, railway granted, 88, 96–99, 120, 130; political, 48–49; commercial, 32–33, 37–45, 134, 174, 176, 182, 230, 325.

——, campaign, 143–146, 154–155; M. and North China, 140, 151–155, 163–165, 165 n. 1; the Tsêng Agreement, 165 ff.; the Yang-yu Agreement, 173 ff.; the Lessar demands, 190 ff.; the convention of evacuation, 93, 196, 214 ff.; in the Anglo-German Agreement, 160–161, 161 n. 2, in the Anglo-Japanese Agreement, 207; conditions for evacuation, 152, etc.; protection of M., 226 ff.; new demands, 242; Lansdowne on evacuation, 334 n. 3. (Also see _Japan_ and _Russia_.)

Masampo, 50–51 n. 2, 274–278.

Matsukata, Count M., 296, 324, 329, 337, 342.

Matunine, 270.

Miller, H. B., 41, 145 n. 1.

Millet, 17.

Min Yong-hwan, 267–268.

Mining, in Korea, 287; in Manchuria, 90; in Shan-tung, 105, 109; on the Tumên, 284.

Mitsui Produce Co., the, 25.

Miura, Lieut.-Gen. Gorō, 260–261.

_Modus vivendi_, a, 169–171.

Mokpo, 15, 19.

Mongol invasion, 80.

Mongolia, railway in, 49; Russian troops in, 234; _status quo_ in, 242, 251–252.

Morrison, Dr., 94, 166, 167 n. 1, 168, 173, 174, 181 n. 1, 235 n. 1.

Morse, J. R., 286.

Most-favored-nation clause, the, 115, 245.

Mounted bandits, 227–229, 291 and n. 2.

_Mugi_, 4.

Mukden, as trade mart, 40 n. 2; railway, 88; Boxers in, 144; retaken, 155; as capital of Manchuria, 167; barracks in, 235; troops in, 244; seized, 318; as open port, 255; opened, 317, 318, 335.

Mukden, Province of (Sheng-king), 221, 234.

Muravieff “Amurski,” 66, 155.

Muravieff, late Count, on Talien-wan, 116; on Port Arthur, 92, 111–112, 119, 120, 121 n. 2, 122, 123, 125, 126; on the Boxer affair, 141, 149; his death, 143.

Mu-san, 289.

Mutsu, late Count, 69.

Nampo, 276.

Neutral territory in the Liao-tung, 131, 175.

Neutral zone in Korea, 309, 310 and n. 1, 325, 328 n. 2, 331, 333 n., 338, 340 n.

Neutrality of Great Britain, 203; of Korea, 322 and n. 2, 355–357, 357–360, 360–362.

Nicolaiefsk, 67.

Nicolas (Yong-am-po), 321.

Nikolsk, 234.

Nishi, Baron T., on Wei-hai-Wei, 128 n. 3; the N.-Rosen Memorandum, 270 ff., 282, 294.

Niu-chwang, opened, 17; trade, 16–17; N. _vs._ Dalny, 37, 39; the Russo-Chinese Bank in, 84 n. 4; railway to the Yalu, 130; seized by Russians, 144–145, 157, 158 n. 2; in Russian demands, 167, 242, 243, 244, 316; restoration promised, 224; evacuation delayed, 237–238, 334 n. 3.

Northern Railway, the, 38, 39, 88, 91, 92, 113, 121 n. 2, 131, 156, 158 n. 2, 176, 192, 222–223, 303.

O’Conor, Sir N., 121, 123, 124.

Odessa, 38, 39 n. 1.

Oil cakes, 4, 9 and n. 1, 13–14.

Öm, Lady, 281, 321.

“Open door,” defined, 10 and n. 1, 106, 135–138, 139, 159, 165, 202, 205, 208, 211, 297, 303, 305.

Open ports in Manchuria, 243, 247, 250–251, 253, 255, 314, 317.

Ōyama, Marquis I., 296, 324, 329, 337, 342.

Pak Che-sun, 284–285.

Pak Yong-hio, 259.

Pavloff, Paul, _Chargé_ at Peking, 90, 93, 113, 120, 125, 127 n. 2, 129; Minister at Seul, compared with Hayashi, 273; desires Masampo, 274–278; regarding whaling concession, 283, telegraph, 284–285, Yong-am-po, 293; at Port Arthur, 301; against opening Yong-am-po, 321; before the Emperor, 322 n.; diplomacy, 336; leaves Korea, 356–357, 359–360, 361.

Pechili. See _Chili_.

Perry, Commodore M. C., 56 and n. 1.

Pescadores, the, 70.

Peterpavlofsk, 67.

Petuna, 88.

_Picul_ = 133⅓ lbs. avoirdupois.

Ping-yang, 287.

Plançon, 240, 242, 247 n. 1, 251, 252.

Plehve, late von, 313.

Pokotiloff, 301.

_Pood_ = 36.112 lbs.

Port Arthur, as naval port, 49, 50; its use promised, 86, 89, offered, 92; Russian war vessels at, 111; selected as naval port, 122, 123 ff.; as trade port, 39 n. 1; demand and lease, 119-126, 130, 234, 235, 237, 290; compared with Yong-am-po, 240, 320; troops to Korean border, 340, 353; new forts, 353; warships leave, 354; naval war at, 345, 346.

_Porto Franco_, 117, 118. (Also see _Talien-wan_.)

Ports, in Manchuria, 247, 250-251, 253, 255.

Primorsk, 66.

Prize of war, 356, 359, 361-362.

Punishment of local officers, 179-181.

Rainfall, in Japan, 6, n. 1.

Railways, German in Shan-tung, 105, 109 and n. 2; Seul-Chemulpo, 24 and n. 1; Seul-Wiju, 25 and n. 1, n. 3; Seul-Fusan, 24 n. 2, n. 3; Seul-Wonsan, 25 n. 1. (Also see _Eastern Chinese Railway_, _Korea_, _Manchuria_, _Mongolia_, and _Northern Railway_.)

Railway guards, 98, 230-232, 235.

Rice, in Japan, crop, 3 and n. 3; consumption and importation, 4, 9, 13; in Manchuria, 12; in Korea, 28, 29.

Richthofen, Fr. von, 101.

Rondon, 288.

Root, Elihu, 365 n. 1.

Rosen, Baron, Nishi-R. Memorandum, 270 ff.; R. at Port Arthur, 301; conferences with Komura, 324, 332, etc.; leaves Tokio, 345 and n., 350, 351.

_Ruble_ = 51.5 cents.

Russia, declines to coerce Japan, 68; leads in coercion, 70-77; favors China, 83, 85, 88, 128; guarantees Chinese loan, 83-84; allies with China, 85, 93, 94 n. 2; the “Cassini Convention,” 87-95, 98; the railway agreement, 96-99; leases Talien-wan and Port Arthur, 110-134; replies to Hay, 137-138; the Boxer affair, 142 and notes, 149-150 and notes; circular of August 25, 151-154; features of diplomacy, 140, 147-148, 151-155, 163-165, 165, n. 1; on the Anglo-German Agreement, 159-160; the declaration with France, 78, 207-213; the convention of evacuation, 93, 214 ff.

——, investments in Manchuria, 32-33 and notes; colonization in Manchuria, 43; interests in Manchuria, 33-35, 47-48, 325, 326; economics of Russia, 36, 54-55; commercial policy, 36-43, 43-45, 45-46, 57-58; economics and politics, 56-57; representing old civilization, 53-64, 56 n. 2.

——, in Korea, takes China’s place, 77; influence after the Chinese war, 259, 261-272, chapter xvii.; economic interests, 46-47; telegraph, 284; bank, 267, 270; policy, 48-53.

——, negotiations with Japan (see _Japan_); Russian interpretation, 327 n. 9, 349-351; manifesto of war, 345-346. (Also see _Issues_, _Japan_, _Korea_, and _Manchuria_.)

Russo-Chinese Bank, the, 84-85, 192, 201, 238, 243, 279, 290 n. 2, 316.

Russo-Korean Bank, the, 269, 270.

Rye, 4.

St. Petersburg, politics in, 301.

Saitō, Shūichirō, 258.

Sakhalien, 66-67.

Salisbury, the Marquess of, 108, 113, 115, 117, 123-125, 149 n. 2, 158 n. 2.

Sands, 280 n. 3.

Satow, Sir Ernest, at Peking, 91, 166, 173, 177, 179, 189, 191, 229, 234.

Scott, Sir Charles, 142 n. 1, 143 n. 3, 166 n. 1, 180.

Settlements, foreign, in Manchuria, 45, 314, 333-334 and n. 3, 338.

Seul, trade at, 15; Japanese troops in, 266; S.-Chemulpo Railway, 24 and n. 1, 286; S.-Fusan Railway, 24 and n. 2, n. 3, 286 and n.; S.-Fusan telegraph, 265; S.-Wiju Railway, 25 and n. 1, n. 3, 285-288; S.-Wonsan Railway, 25 n. 1. (Also see _Korea_.)

Seymour, Admiral, 141.

Shan-hai-kwan. See _Northern Railway_.

Shan-tung, Province, 101, 106, 107 n. 1, 109.

Sheng-king, Province of 221, 233 ff., 239, 283, 316.

Shimonoseki, the treaty of, 70, 355.

Siberia, Eastern, 40, 46.

Siberian Railway, as carrier, 41, 55, 61-64; projected, 68.

Skrydloff, Rear Admiral, 284.

_Sō-shi_ (political bravoes), 261-262, 265.

Sonntag, Miss, 25 and n. 3, 280.

Sovereignty, 105-106. (Also see _Balance_, _Independence_, and _Integrity_.)

Speyer, A. de, 269-270.

Staal, de, 115, 116, 118, 122, 229-230.

Starck, Admiral, 293.

Statutes, the Railway, 230.

Stein, 274, 275, 288, 291, 292.

Sugar, 4 n. 2.

Sugiyama, 141, 164.

Sungari River, the, 316.

Tai-ku, 265.

Tai-wen-kun, 260, 261.

Talien-wan, 87, 89, 114, 122, 130.

Tatung-kao, 240, 255, 291, 318, 335.

Tea, from China to Russia, 35, 38-39, 39 n. 1.

Telegraph lines, in Korea, 266, 267, 284-285; in Manchuria, 243, 247.

Terauchi, 296, 324, 329, 337, 342.

Three Eastern Provinces, the, 96. See _Manchuria_.

Tieh-ling, 155.

Tien-tsin, 156, 157, 163, 233.

Timber concessions, in Korea, 46, and n. 2, 240, 263, 289 ff.

Tja-pok, 276.

_Tokushu Jōyaku_ = the _Tō-A Kwankei Tokushu Jōyaku Isan_ (a collection of special treaties relating to Eastern Asia), compiled by the Tō-A Dobun Association, Tokio, 1904.

Townley, 245, 254.

Treaty rights, 325, 326-327, 333 n., 334 and n. 3, 338.

Triple Alliance, the, 210 n. 1.

Tsêng-chi, 166, 168 n. 3, 228 n. 1, 233, 318.

Tsitsihar, 316.

Tsushima, 51 and n. 1, 67.

_Tsūshō Isan_, the, Japanese Consular Reports, issued six times a month, with bi-monthly supplements, from the Department of Foreign Affairs, Tokio.

Tuan, Prince, 140, 162.

Tumên River, the, 263, 283, 284.

Ukhtomsky, Prince, 84.

Uinung Island, 263, 289-290.

United States, the, trade with Japan, 8 and n. 1; cordial relations with Japan and England, 76, 78, 198; warns China, 169; against the Plançon demands, 245 ff., 253; on China’s neutrality, 364-365. (Also see _American_ and _Hay_.)

Vladivostok, founded, 67; as naval port, 50, 112, 234; overshadowed by Dalny, 37, 38 and n. 2; American kerosene at, 49 and n. 3; Governor of, 341; new forts at, 353.

Waeber, at Seul, 259; the Komura-W. Memorandum, 265-266; leaves Korea, 269; special envoy at Seul, 280.

Waeber, Madame, 259, 280.

Waldersee, Count von, 157.

Wang Tsz-chun, 87.

War, the Chinese-Japanese, 369; the Russo-Japanese, responsibility of, 349-351, 352-354; probable effects of, 59-60.

Wei-hai-Wei, leased to England, 125-126; Japan’s attitude, 120, 128-129; Germany’s attitude, 107.

Wheat, 4, 9, 12.

Wiju, railway to Seul, 25 and n. 1, n. 3, 285-288; telegraph to Port Arthur and Harbin, 285; opening of, 320.

Wonsan (Gensan), railway to Seul, 25 n. 1; Japanese troops in, 266.

Witte, 36, 173, 239, 300, 301.

Wu Ting-fang, 153 n. 2.

Yalu River, the, navigation and policing of, 86-87; Russian troops upon, 239, 335; as boundary, 283; timber work on, 289 ff. (Also see _Yong-am-po_.)

Yamagata, Marquis, at St. Petersburg, 253; the Y.-Lobanoff Protocol, 264, 279; against loan, 279-280; as Privy Councilor, 296, 324, 329, 337, 342.

Yamamoto, G., 295, 324, 329, 337, 342.

Yang-yu, 173, 182.

Yang-tsze Provinces, the, 120, 121 n. 2, 160, 315 n. 1.

_Yen_ = 49.8 cents.

Yi Chi-yong, 367.

Yi Keun-thaik, 281, 321, 322 n.

Yi Yong-ik, 281 ff., 287, 321.

Yin-san, 287.

Yong-am-po, 240, 289-295, 318 ff.

Yuan Shi-kai, 259.

Yun-san, 287.

The Riverside Press _Electrotyped and printed by H. O. Houghton & Co. Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A._

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected typographical errors. 2. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Russo-Japanese Conflict, by K. Asakawa