The Principles of Stratigraphical Geology

There are many problems connected with geology which can only be solved by detailed study of the stratified rocks, and when solved the principles of the science will be more ful...

The second great law of the Stratigraphical Geologist is that fossiliferous strata are identifiable by their included organisms, in other words, that we can tell the geological...

The establishment of the order of succession of the strata, and the correlation of strata of different areas merely pave the way for the geologist. To write the history of the e...

Study of a geological map of the world will shew that extensive regions, such as parts of Scandinavia, many tracts of Central Europe, a large area in Canada, and a considerable...

The history of the growth of a science is not always treated as an essential part of our knowledge of that science, and many text-books barely allude to the past progress of the...

Earth-history like human history is the record of an unbroken chain of events. The agents which have produced geological phenomena have been in operation since the earth came in...

The writer does not propose to give an account of the intricacies of geological mapping, for their right consideration requires a separate treatise[22]; all he desires is to cal...

_Classification._ The rocks of the Cambrian system when found reposing on Precambrian rocks in Britain are always separated from the latter by an unconformity. The typical devel...

Although it is easy to give an account of the structures which are of importance to the student of the stratified rocks, actual observation of these structures is frequently att...

The present constituents of the earth which are accessible for direct study are divisible into three parts. The inner portion, consisting of _rocks_, is known as the _lithospher...

_The Classification._ The British rocks of the Carboniferous system have been classified according to their lithological characters, but as the classification has been altered f...

The Arenig series was at one time included by some writers with the Lower Bala under the name Llandeilo, but the word Llandeilo is now used in the sense of Sedgwick's Lower Bala...

_Classification._ As a result of the movements which were briefly described in the last chapter, two types of Devonian deposit are found in the British Isles, and are called res...

The Jurassic rocks were formerly separated on account of differences of lithological character into Oolites and Lias, but it was apparent that the Oolites were more important th...

In the preceding chapter, attention was drawn to the indications as to conditions of deposition furnished by the sediments of any one locality, and only passing reference was ma...

The term May Hill, proposed by Sedgwick, is sometimes used as synonymous with Llandovery. This classification omits a somewhat important set of beds intercalated between those o...

In a previous chapter this law was given as follows: "Of any two strata, the one which was originally the lower is the older;" the general truth of the law depends upon the fact...

_Classification._ It has already been observed that as the result of the Pennine and Mendip systems of earth-movement, the Carboniferous rocks of Britain are succeeded by a mark...

The occurrence of a period marked by dry climate over wide areas of the Eurasian continent, and possibly also in North America, is evidenced by the widespread distribution of an...

_Classification._ The rocks of the Cretaceous system are conveniently divided into Upper and Lower Cretaceous. The following classification has been widely used for the British...

but above the Keuper beds we find a group of deposits of some importance, which shew affinities with both Triassic and Jurassic rocks, which may be looked upon as true passage b...

_Classification._ The term Pleistocene, as used here, is approximately equivalent to the expressions 'Glacial Period' and 'Great Ice Age' of some writers; but I have adopted it...

At the close of Carboniferous times a marked change took place in the nature of the earth-movements. The prevalent depression which occurred over the British and adjoining regio...

_Classification._ The Eocene Beds of the south of England have been subdivided according to the variations in their lithological characters, and the subdivisions have received l...

In the succeeding chapters, a general account of the characters of the Geological Deposits of different periods will be given, for the purposes of illustrating the principles to...

It is the aim of the Stratigraphical Geologist to record the events which have occurred during the existence of the earth in the order in which they have taken place. He tries t...

_Description of the strata._ Little need be said of the deposits of this period, either in Britain or abroad, except to remark that they show the further spread of continental c...

_Classification._ The Italian Pliocene Beds which have long been known have been divided into three stages, to which names have been applied which are somewhat widely used, thou...

=A Manual and Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns.= Morphology, Natural History and Classification. Alphabetically arranged. By J. C. Willis, M.A., Gonville and Caius C...

Before studying in further detail the strata of the geological column, it will be convenient to deal with the great physical changes which have occurred in the British area from...

Subsequently to Palæolithic times, the physical conditions over Eurasia changed greatly, and at the commencement of Neolithic times the conditions were favourable for the growth...

_Practical Teacher._ We heartily recommend these books to the notice of all science teachers, and especially to the masters of Organised Science Schools, which will soon have to...

p. 235, insert a footnote: 'A good account of the British Jurassic rocks will be found in Mr H. B. Woodward's Memoir on "The Jurassic Rocks of Britain." _Mem. Geol. Survey_, 189...