The population problem

(1) Problems of population fall under two headings—quantitative and qualitative; the former have long attracted attention; the latter have, until recently, only sporadically aro...

(1) The ancestors of man were once subject to the conditions prevailing among species in a state of nature. These conditions are studied. (2) Reproduction, the necessity for whi...

(1) In the chromatin of the nucleus we have apparently to recognize the physical basis of the inherited qualities which (2) take the form of predispositions towards the developm...

(1) The population problem among men has, owing to the evolution of reason, assumed in both aspects a wholly different form. (2) To follow the nature, causes, and results of the...

(1) We have to ask whether human fecundity has changed and what the effect of certain customs is upon fecundity. (2) It is not to factors influencing the male (3) but to factors...

(1) The outline of human history can be roughly dated by (2) estimating the length of the geological eras. (3) Little is known as to the evolution of the Primate stock, but (4)...

(1) A survey of these races is undertaken to show the prevalence of factors bearing upon fertility and elimination, and evidence of (2) pre-puberty intercourse, (3) prolonged la...

(1) A similar survey of these races is undertaken, and evidence is given regarding the prevalence in America (2) of pre-puberty intercourse, (3) postponement of marriage, (4) pr...

(1) The theory of Malthus has long been disproved, and (2) has been replaced by the modern theory of an optimum density of population. (3) Territories are strictly defined among...

(1) These races fall under four sub-headings. For all of them the evidence is discussed concerning (2) disease, (3) warfare, (4) and child mortality. (5) In sub-groups 1 and 2 c...

(1) Among these races, in spite of certain complications, the principle of the optimum number holds good. (2) The evidence for the first sub-group is too scanty to base conclusi...

(1) The recent increase in numbers was in response to economic requirements, and affords no ground for pessimism as to the future. (2) The density desirable may be considered fr...

We have to ask how far those changes which constitute history are due to germinal changes, and are therefore comparable to changes among species in a state of nature. Analysis o...

(1) Observations show that environment and heredity are complementary one to the other. (2) Abnormal stimuli may produce almost any result, but (3) for each species there is a n...

(1) Among men there is no normal environment. (2) The effect of exercise, (3) of general conditions, (4) and of climate. (5) Huntington’s theory of optimum climatic conditions....

(1) Recent work in heredity leads to the conclusion that at the basis of all human characters lies a vast number of unit-factors; but few have yet been recognized, and (2) we ha...

(1) Preliminary notice of certain difficulties—cause of mutation, strength of selection. (2) During the intermediate period great changes took place, but (3) in general during t...

(1) We have to inquire into the stage of mental evolution reached at different times. (2) After discussing evidence derived from fossils, (3) from the study of primitive races,...

(1) The evolution of conceptual thought went hand in hand with that of language, (2) and has passed through a series of stages. (3) The products of conceptual thought are stored...

(1) Supposing other things to be equal, we have to study the influence of differences in fertility and contact upon tradition. (2) Fertility is a purely relative term. (3) The g...

(1) Definite conclusions are difficult to reach. (2) History in the intermediate period was due to germinal change. (3) The natural endowment of America, (4) Asia, (5) Africa, (...

1. Problems of population fall into two main groups—those connected with the quantity and those connected with the quality of the population. Considerations of the population pr...

we have to consider. The male gametes vastly outnumber the female, and, generally speaking, the male is always ready for intercourse. When studying the possibility of increasing...

influence of the environment upon human bodily and mental characters. The influence of the environment as a stimulus affecting the direction in which mental characters are used...

evolution of man has come about. With regard to mental characters to be discussed in Chapter XVIII, we shall find that the task cannot be similarly completed. With a far less de...

Pritchard, _Polynesian Reminiscences_, p. 423; Waterhouse, _King and People of Fiji_, p. 327; Thomson (_Fijians_, p. 180) thinks that it has been introduced lately. On the other...