The North American Indian, Vol. 1

Chapter 16

Chapter 163,209 wordsPublic domain

_Little Colorado river_, creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_Lizards_, creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_Llaneros_, a band of Jicarillas, 54

_Locust_ in Navaho mythology, 89, 90

_Locust People_ of the Navaho, 84

_Loin-cloth_ of the Apache, 131

_Magpie_ in Navaho myth, 113

_Maguey._ _See_ MESCAL

_Mai Hatal._ _See_ COYOTE CHANT

_Maineli__n__._ _See_ GOPHER

_Man-eating Bird_, a Navaho monster, 99

_Mangas Coloradas_, an Apache warrior, 7

_Ma__n__sche{~COMBINING BREVE~}._ _See_ SPIDER

_Manuelito_, chief of the Navaho, 81

_Manzanita_ used by Apache, 19

_Maricopa_ in Apache war, 7 Navaho name for, 138

_Marriage_ among the Apache, 133 among the Jicarillas, 54, 135 among the Navaho, 125-127, 136-137 and property among Apache, 22-23 restrictions among Apache, 22 _See_ WOMEN

_Masks_ of Apache dancers, 47, 48 of Navaho gods, 111, 114, 115 used in Night Chant, 116, 119-123

_Maternity belt_ of Apache, 38-39

_Maturity._ _See_ PUBERTY

_Meal, sacred_, carried by Hasche{~COMBINING BREVE~}lti, 121 used in dry-painting, 119, 120 used in Jicarilla ceremony, 59 used in Night Chant, 117 _See also_ CORN-MEAL

_Medicine_, dry-paintings used in, 47

_Medicine cap_ used by Apache, 40

_Medicine ceremonies_, God Dance a part of, 48 of the Jicarillas, 56, 57, 135 of the Navaho, 77-79 _See_ NIGHT CHANT

_Medicine craze._ _See_ MESSIAH CRAZE

_Medicine Dance_ of the Apache, 133

_Medicine hogan_ of the Navaho, 116

_Medicine-making_ in Jicarilla myth, 57

_Medicine-men_ and ceremonies, 133 communicate with gods, 32 employment of, in puberty rites, 46, 125 marriage ceremony conducted by, 138 Navaho, functions of, 79-80 of the Apache, 35-42, 132 participate in Night Chant, 116-124

_Medicine performance_ of the Jicarillas, 57

_Medicine plants_, how gathered, 133

_Medicine practices_ of the Apache, 35-42

_Medicine skin_ of the Apache, 29-36

_Meriwether_, Gov. David, treats with Navaho, 81

_Mescal_ harvest of the Apache, 15-19 intoxicant made from, 20

_Mescalero reservation_, Chiricahua sent to, 9 _See_ BOSQUE REDONDO

_Mescaleros_ confined at Bosque Redondo, 83 depredations by, 83 flee from reservation, 9 Jicarilla name for, 135 plan to place Arizona Apache with, 7 population of the, 131

_Mesquite pods_ eaten by Apache, 19

_Messiah craze_ among Apache, 10, 38, 42-46 Apache houses affected by, 131 basketry designs affected by, 20-21

_Metal-work_ of the Navaho, 76-77

_Mexican_ captives enslaved by Navaho, 82 coins used in Navaho silver-work, 77

_Migration_, traditional, of the Jicarillas, 62

_Miles_, Gen. N. A., subdues Apache, 10

_Milky Way_ in Apache myth, 34, 134 in Navaho myth, 93

_Miracle performers_ of Apache myth, 32 of Jicarilla myth, 62-68 of Navaho myth, 98

_Miraculous personages_ of Apache myth, 133 of Jicarilla myth, 135 of Navaho myth, 138 _See_ GODS

_Moccasins_, cross and crescent on, 42 _See_ CLOTHING

_Modesty_ of Apache women, 16

_Mohave_, Jicarilla name for, 135 Navaho name for, 138 _See_ APACHE-MOHAVE

_Monsters_ in Apache mythology, 32 in Jicarilla mythology, 63-68, 135 in Navaho mythology, 89, 90, 138 _See_ GIANTS; WATER MONSTERS

_Months_, names of, 141

_Moon_, creation of, in Apache myth, 30, 31 creation of, in Navaho myth, 92

_Moon God._ _See_ KLEGANAAI; KLEHONAAI; KLENAAI

_Moons_, names of, 141

_Mortars_ in Navaho myth, 103

_Mortuary customs_ of the Apache, 133 of the Jicarillas, 55, 135 of the Navaho, 80, 138

_Moss agate_ in Navaho mythology, 92

_Mother-in-law_, taboo of, among Navaho, 126

_Mountain Chant_ of the Navaho, 78, 79

_Mountain lion_, in Jicarilla myth, 64 in Navaho myth, 97 skin of, used in maternity belt, 39

_Mountain Lion People_ of the Navaho, 84, 87, 90

_Mountain sheep_ in Navaho myth, 113-114

_Mountains_, mythic creation of, 28, 90-91 sacred, in Navaho myth, 84, 88, 90-91, 93, 94, 98

_Mourning_ by the Jicarillas, 55-56, 135 _See_ MORTUARY CUSTOMS

_Muhr_, A. F., acknowledgments to, xx

_Mummies_ in cliff-ruins, 74-75

_Murder_ among the Apache, 45

_Musical instruments_ of the Jicarillas, 56-57 _See_ DRUMS; FLUTES; RATTLES

_Myers_, W. E., acknowledgments to, xx

_Mythology_, Apache, basket designs and, 21 of the Apache, 23-35 of the Jicarillas, 56-57, 60-69 of the Navaho, 83-106 _See_ CEREMONIES; GENESIS; RELIGION

_Nabakelti_, Apache medicine-man, 10-12

_Nacholecho._ _See_ TARANTULA

_Names_ adopted by Apache, 42 native, of Indian tribes, 134, 135, 138 of dead tabooed, 34 of the moons or months, 141

_Nane_, conference with, 7 raids by Apache under, 9

_Naste{~COMBINING BREVE~}lh_ in Apache myth, 31

_Natoi Hatal._ _See_ SHOOTING CHANT

_Natural phenomena_, terms for, 142

_Navaho_, account of the, 71-127 and Apache paintings compared, 41 and Apache relationship, 3 and Jicarilla ceremony compared, 53, 54, 56 Apache name for, 134 character of ceremonies of, 4 character of the, xx hair-dress of the, 134 Jicarilla name for, 135 origin of the, 3 trade of Jicarillas with, 135 tribal summary of the, 136 vocabulary of the, 139-144

_Naye{~COMBINING BREVE~}nayezgani_, a Jicarilla god, 55-57, 62-68, 135

_Naye{~COMBINING BREVE~}nezgani_, Apache and Navaho deity, 3, 31, 133, 138 birth and adventures of, 32, 98-106 personated in Night Chant, 118 represented in Apache painting, 20 symbolized on maternity belt, 39

_Nde_, Apache tribal name, 134

_Ndidilhkizn_, Lightning Maker, in Apache myth, 25, 27, 28 symbolized on medicine cap, 40

_Ndisagocha__n_, Lightning Rumbler, in Apache myth, 25, 28

_Nervousness_ treated by Apache, 40

_New Mexico_, Chiricahua flee to, 9 plan to remove Apache to, 7

_New Mexico_, raids by Victorio in, 9

_Night Chant_ of the Navaho, 78, 79, 111-124

_Night Girl_ of Apache myth, 30, 31

_Nigostu{~COMBINING BREVE~}n_, the Earth, in Apache myth, 26

_Nigostu{~COMBINING BREVE~}n Bika Binalze._ _See_ EARTH MESSENGERS

_Nigostu{~COMBINING BREVE~}n Nali{~COMBINING BREVE~}n._ _See_ EARTH DAUGHTER

_Ni{~COMBINING BREVE~}lchi._ _See_ WINDS

_Nilchidilhkizn_, the Apache Wind God, 25, 27, 31, 35

_Nichitso_, a Jicarilla Whirlwind god, 61

_Nokuse._ _See_ BIG DIPPER

_Number_, sacred, of Apache, 36, 41-43

_Numerals_, Southern Athapascan, 142

_Obscenity_ of Jicarilla clowns, 59

_Ocean_, creation of, in Apache myth, 33, 133 creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_Ojo Caliente_, Apache of, 9 Victorio surrenders at, 9

_Oklahoma_, Apache sent to, 10 population of Apache in, 131

_Olleros_ band of Jicarillas, 54

_Onions_, wild, eaten by Apache, 19

_Opuntia._ _See_ PRICKLY PEAR

_Orientation_ in sweating ceremony, 118 of baskets in ceremony, 77 of buffalo skin in ceremony, 57 of Jicarilla ceremonial enclosure, 57 of Navaho hogans, 80, 136 of sacred skins in Navaho myth, 92 of wedding basket, 126

_Origin._ _See_ GENESIS

_Ornamentation_ of Apache caps, 131, 133

_Ornaments_ of the Navaho, 136

_Ovens_, mescal, used by Apache, 17

_Owl_ in Jicarilla myth, 62 in Navaho myth, 115

_Owl People_ of the Navaho, 84

_Painting_, Apache, on deerskin, 20 of bodies by Yebichai dancers, 122 of skins in Navaho myth, 115 _See_ DRY-PAINTINGS; FACE-PAINTING

_Paiute_, baskets of, among Navaho, 77

_Papago_, Garces among the, 4 in Apache war, 7 Navaho name for, 138

_Paralysis_ treated by Apache, 47

_Pasquin_, conference with, 7

_Peaches_, an Apache man, 22

_Pearl_ in Navaho creation myth, 92

_Personal terms_, Southern Athapascan, 143

_Pesqueira_, Don Ignacio, cooeperates against Apache, 7

_Pestles_ in Navaho myth, 103

_Phillips_, W. W., acknowledgments to, xx

_Phratries_ among the Navaho, 136

_Picuris_ mentioned in Jicarilla myth, 68

_Pigeon_ in Apache myth, 27, 28

_Pima_, Apache name for, 134 Garces among the, 4 in Apache war, 7 Jicarilla name for, 135 Navaho name for, 138

_Pinalenos_ established at San Carlos, 8

_Pine Squirrel People_ of the Navaho, 84

_Pine-squirrel_ pouch of Hasche{~COMBINING BREVE~}lti, 121

_Pinon_, creation of, in Apache myth, 27 nuts of, eaten by Apache, 19 pollen of, used by Apache, 38 tea made from bark of, 19 used in ceremonial enclosure, 57 used for mythic water bottle, 21, 27, 30 water bottles coated with gum of, 132

_Pipes_ in Navaho myth, 103, 108-110, 115

_Plains Indians_, Jicarilla name for, 135

_Plains People_, a Jicarilla band, 54

_Plants_ used in medicine, 36

_Poisoned tobacco_ in Navaho myth, 103

_Political organization_ of the Apache, 132 of the Jicarillas, 135 of the Navaho, 136 _See_ CHIEFS; GOVERNMENT

_Pollen_, deification of, 3 gathering of, by Apache, 133 god personators sprinkled with, 49 in Navaho mythology, 84, 91, 94 use of, by Apache, 34, 38-41, 43, 133 used in childbirth, 39, 40 used in marriage ceremony, 126 used in Night Chant, 119 used in puberty rite, 46 _See_ HADINTIN NALI{~COMBINING BREVE~}N; HADINTIN SKHIN; TADITIN

_Polygamy_ among the Apache, 13-14 among the Jicarillas, 55 among the Navaho, 76

_Population_ of the Apache, 13, 131 of the Jicarillas, 134 of the Navaho, 136

_Porcupine_ in Navaho myth, 97

_Potatoes_, wild, eaten by Apache, 19

_Pottery_ made by Navaho gods, 95 of the Apache, 20 of the Jicarillas, 135 of the Navaho, 76, 77, 136

_Pouch_ for image used by Apache, 41 for meal used by Hasche{~COMBINING BREVE~}lti, 121 for medicine used by Navaho, 77, 120 for pollen among Apache, 38

_Prayers_, how symbolized by Apache, 3 in Navaho ceremonies, 138 Navaho, character of, 77-78 of the Apache, 34-37, 133 on erection of hogan, 136 to animal spirits, 39

_Prayer-sticks_ of turkey feathers, 117 _See_ KEDAN

_Precious Stone deities_ of the Navaho, 96 _See_ JEWELS

_Presidios_ established to check Apache, 5

_Prickly pears_ eaten by Apache, 19

_Property_ of women among Navaho, 76

_Property marks_ of Apache, 18

_Property right_ among Apache, 22 among Jicarillas, 55

_Prophecies_ of Apache medicine-man, 45 of death among Apache, 38, 45

_Puberty ceremony_, God Dance a part of, 48 in Navaho mythology, 94-95 of the Apache, 46, 133 of the Jicarillas, 56, 135 of the Navaho, 124-125

_Pueblos_, Apache name for, 134 Apache raids against, 14 baskets exchanged with, 54 ceremonies of the, 4 hair-dress of, 134 incorporated by Navaho, 75, 137 Jicarilla ceremony borrowed from, 54, 135 Jicarilla name for, 135 Jicarillas trade with, 134, 135

_Purity_ symbolized by Apache, 34

_Quartz crystal_ in Navaho creation myth, 92

_Races._ _See_ FOOT-RACING

_Racing songs_ of the Navaho, 125

_Rafts_ mentioned in Navaho myth, 85

_Rain_ furnished by Yolkai Estsan, 96 in Jicarilla mythology, 67 man born of, in Navaho myth, 84

_Rainbow_ in Jicarilla mythology, 63 in Navaho mythology, 96, 102 represented in dry-painting, 119, 121, 123

_Rain Boy_ and Girl of Navaho myth, 96

_Rain Dance_ of the Apache, 33, 133

_Rain God_ of the Apache, 35 of the Navaho, 107, 115, 120 _See_ TONENILI

_Rattles_ mentioned in Navaho myth, 112

_Red river_ of Navaho mythology, 89

_Reeds_, use of, in Navaho myth, 88, 100

_Religion_ of the Apache, 29, 42, 133 _See_ AFTER-WORLD; CEREMONIES; MESSIAH CRAZE; MYTHOLOGY

_Religious character_ of the Navaho, 79

_Reptiles_, creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_Rio Grande_, creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_Ritual._ _See_ CEREMONIES; MYTHOLOGY; RELIGION

_Rivers_, creation of, in Apache myth, 28 creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_Rolling Stone_, a mythical monster, 68, 99, 106 _See_ BUMPING ROCKS

_Ruins_, pueblo, in Navaho mythology, 96

_Running_, symbolic in puberty rite, 47

_Sacrifice_ of property at death, 55, 81, 134, 135

_Saddle bags_, sacred symbol prescribed for, 44

_Sait Nde_, a Jicarilla division, 54, 135

_Salt_ tabooed during puberty rite, 47, 125

_Salvador_, an Apache, conference with, 7

_San Carlos_, Apache established at, 8, 9 Apache flee from, 9

_San Carlos agency_, number of Apache under, 131

_San Carlos Apache_, native name of, 134

_San Carlos reservation_, property disputes on, 23

_Sand altars._ _See_ DRY-PAINTINGS

_Sandia_, Navaho name for, 138

_Sand People_, a Jicarilla band, 54

_San Felipe_, Navaho name for, 138

_San Ildefonso_, Navaho name for, 138

_San Juan_, Navaho name for, 138

_San Juan river_, creation of, in Navaho myth, 90

_San Xavier del Bac_, mission of, 4

_Santa Clara_, Navaho name for, 138

_Santo Domingo_, Navaho name for, 138

_Scalp bounty_ offered, 6

_Scalping_ mentioned in Navaho myth, 107

_Scouts_, Apache, at Fort Apache, 10

_Scratching_ prohibited during maturity rite, 47, 125

_Seed planting_ in Navaho mythology, 85, 86, 90, 96

_Seeds_ borne by Ganaskidi, 121 how prepared by Apache, 15 _See_ CORN

_Sheep_ of the Navaho, 73, 74 purchased for Navaho, 83 used in marriage settlement, 126

_Shell_ beads mixed with pollen, 38 beads of the Navaho, 77 ornaments of the Navaho, 136 symbolic of prayer, 34 used as medicine bowl, 117, 120 used in puberty rite, 46, 47 white, in Navaho myth, 84, 91, 92, 97, 101, 103, 104, 108, 115 _See_ YOLKAI ESTSAN; YOLKAI NALI{~COMBINING BREVE~}N

_Shield_ of Navaho Sun God, 103

_Shirts._ _See_ CLOTHING

_Shooting Chant_ of the Navaho, 78 contest in Navaho myth, 107, 108

_Shrines_ of the Apache, 133

_Sia_, Navaho name for, 138

_Sierra Madre_, Apache captured in, 10

_Silver_ ornaments used in marriage settlement, 126

_Silver-work_ of the Navaho, 76-77, 136

_Si{~COMBINING BREVE~}snaji{~COMBINING BREVE~}ni_, a Navaho sacred mountain, 90

_Skin_, painted, of Apache, 29-35 _See_ ANTELOPE SKIN; BUFFALO SKIN; DEERSKIN

_Skirts_, sacred, used in childbirth, 39 _See_ CLOTHING

_Skunk_ in Jicarilla mythology, 61

_Sky_, creation of, in Apache myth, 27, 28 creation of, in Navaho myth, 91

_Sky God_ of the Apache, 27, 28, 31, 33 of the Navaho, 98

_Sky Messengers_ of Apache myth, 31, 32

_Slaves_ made of captives by Navaho, 82

_Small Dipper_, creation of, in Navaho myth, 93

_Smoking._ _See_ PIPES; TOBACCO

_Snake Girl._ _See_ KLI{~COMBINING BREVE~}SHCHO NALI{~COMBINING BREVE~}N

_Snake, Great_, in Navaho myth, 97 in Jicarilla myth, 56, 58, 64 in Navaho myth, 90, 102 represented in Jicarilla dry-painting, 57

_Snake People_ in Navaho myth, 111

_Snipe Man_ in Navaho myth, 102

_Social customs_ of the Jicarillas, 55 _See_ MARRIAGE; MORTUARY CUSTOMS; PUBERTY; WOMEN

_Songs_ addressed to God of Health, 33 employed in maturity rite, 46, 125 in Apache ceremony, 41-42 in Jicarilla myth, 57 in Navaho ceremonies, 138 in Navaho mythology, 84, 86, 94, 111, 112, 115 in Night Chant, 118, 119, 121, 123, 124 of Apache medicine-men, 32, 36 of gods in Apache myth, 26, 27, 32 of the Jicarillas, 58

_Sonora_, Apache raids into, 14 scalp bounty offered by, 6

_Sorcery_, penalty for, among Jicarillas, 135 _See_ WITCHCRAFT

_Souls_, belief in, by Jicarillas, 56

_Spanish_ missionaries and the Apache, 4, 6 origin of Navaho metal-work, 136

_Sparrow-hawk People_ in Navaho myth, 88

_Spider_ in Jicarilla myth, 62

_Spider Woman_ in Navaho myth, 100

_Spirit Dance_ of the Apache, 48, 133

_Spirits_, Navaho dread of, 80 of the dead of the Apache, 134

_Spruce_ used in Jicarilla ceremony, 57-60 used in Navaho Night Chant, 118-120

_Squashes_ represented in dry-painting, 121

_Squirrel._ _See_ PINE SQUIRREL

_Stars_, creation of, in Apache myth, 30 in Navaho myth, 92-93

_Stenatliha__n_, an Apache goddess, 20, 21, 24-33, 133 represented in Apache painting, 20 symbolized on maternity belt, 39, 40

_Storage baskets_ of the Apache, 21, 132

_Suicide_ among Apache, 14

_Sumac_, berries used by Apache, 19 used in making water bottles, 132

_Sun_, creation of, in Apache myth, 30 creation of, in Navaho myth, 92 in Jicarilla mythology, 62 the father of Twin Gods, 99 _See also_ SUN GOD

_Sunbeams_ in Navaho mythology, 96, 98

_Sun-dogs_ in Navaho dry-painting, 79

_Sunflower_, stalks of, used for flutes, 84

_Sun God_ in Navaho mythology, 98-106 _See_ CHEHONAAI; CHUGANAAI; CHUNNAAI

_Sush Nalkai_, a Navaho mythic bear, 106

_Sweat_, mythic creation from, 24, 25

_Sweat-bath_ in Apache myth, 33 in Night Chant ceremony, 117, 118

_Sweat-house_ in Apache myth, 26-27 in Navaho myth, 104

_Symbol_ of faith among Apache, 43

_Symbolism_, ancient, discarded by Apache, 44, 45 color, of the Apache, 84 color, of the Jicarillas, 60, 61, 64, 66 color, of the Navaho, 84, 87, 90-92, 103, 115, 118 on Apache caps, 131 on Apache maternity belt, 38-39 on Apache medicine skin, 20, 30-36

_Taboo_ of bear and fish, 20, 135 of conversation while masked, 123 of flesh in puberty ceremony, 47 of houses of the dead, 76 of mother-in-law among Navaho, 126 of names of the dead, 34 of salt in puberty ceremony, 47, 125 of scratching in puberty ceremony, 47, 125 of _tsi{~COMBINING BREVE~}ndi hogan_ by Navaho, 81

_Tadtitin_, Navaho name for pollen, 119 _See_ HADINTIN; POLLEN

_Talking God._ _See_ HASCHE{~COMBINING BREVE~}LTI

_Taos_, Jicarilla contact with, 53 mentioned in Jicarilla myth, 64 Navaho name for, 138

_Tarantula_ in Apache myth, 25

_Tattooing_ among Apache, 42

_Tazhi{~COMBINING BREVE~}._ _See_ TURKEY

_Temperature_ of White Mountain reservation, 13

_Texas_, Apache raids into, 9, 14

_Tipis_ of the Jicarillas, 134

_Tizwin._ _See_ TULAPAI

_To Ahani clan_, origin of, 97, 137

_Tobacco_ depicted in dry-painting, 121 in Navaho myth, 103, 108-109, 115

_Tobadzischi{~COMBINING BREVE~}ni_, a Navaho deity, 3, 138 birth and adventures of, 98-106 personated in Night Chant, 118 _See also_ KOBADJISCHINI; TUBADZISCHI{~COMBINING BREVE~}NI

_To Dichini clan_, origin of, 97, 137

_Toi Hatal_. _See_ WATER CHANT

_Tonenili_, Navaho Rain God, 107, 115 personated in begging ceremony, 120

_Tontos_, Apache name for, 134 assigned to reservation, 8 population of, 131 subdued by Crook, 8

_Tracking Bear_, a Navaho monster, 99

_Trade_ of the Jicarillas, 54

_Travelling_, Apache method of, 16, 17

_Treaties_ with the Navaho, 82-83

_Tree, Little_, in Jicarilla myth, 69

_Trees_, creation of, in Apache myth, 27 terms for, 143

_Tsa__n__nati{~COMBINING BREVE~}_, Jicarilla clowns, 59

_Tse{~COMBINING BREVE~}gyii_, a Navaho locality, 114, 116 _See_ CANON DE CHELLY

_Tse{~COMBINING BREVE~}nagai._ _See_ ROLLING STONE

_Tse Nahali_, preying Mountain Eagle, 106

_Tsetahi{~COMBINING BREVE~}dzilhtuhli_, a Navaho monster, 106

_Tsilite{~COMBINING BREVE~}n._ _See_ COYOTE

_Tsi{~COMBINING BREVE~}ndi_, meaning of, 80

_Tsi{~COMBINING BREVE~}ndi hogan_ defined, 76 taboo of, 81 _See_ HOGAN

_Tsotzilh_, a Navaho sacred mountain, 91, 105

_Tubadzisci{~COMBINING BREVE~}ni_, an Apache deity, 31, 133 function of, 33 represented in Apache painting, 20 symbolized on maternity belt, 39, 40 _See also_ KOBADJISCHINI; TOBADZISCHI{~COMBINING BREVE~}NI

_Tulapai_ drunk by the Apache, 19-20

_Tule_, pollen of, used by Apache, 38

_Tu Ntelh_, an Apache god, 40

_Turkey_ in Apache myth, 28 in Navaho myth, 88 prayer-sticks with feathers of, 117

_Turquoise_, bowl of, in Apache myth, 33 clothing of, in Jicarilla myth, 63 in Apache myth, 26 in Jicarilla myth, 64

_Turquoise_ in Navaho myth, 91, 92, 97, 101, 103, 104, 106-107, 115 jewelry of the Navaho, 76 lance of Apache War God, 32 man born of, in Navaho myth, 84 pipe in Navaho myth, 108

_Turquoise Boy_ of Apache myth, 31, 33

_Turquoise Woman_ of Navaho myth, 97 _See_ DUTLI{~COMBINING BREVE~}SHI NALI{~COMBINING BREVE~}N

_Turtle monster_ in Jicarilla myth, 64-65

_Tus._ _See_ WATER BOTTLE

_Twin Gods_ of the Navaho, 98 _See_ NAYE{~COMBINING BREVE~}NEZOANI; TOBADZISCHI{~COMBINING BREVE~}NI

_Tzes._ _See_ ELK

_Tzilhki{~COMBINING BREVE~}chi Hatal._ _See_ MOUNTAIN CHANT

_Tzilhnuhodihli_, sacred mountain, created, 91, 96, 98, 104, 105

_Underworld_, Navaho origin in, 80, 83, 138 _See_ GENESIS

_Ute_, Jicarillas influenced by, 134 Jicarilla name for, 135

_Valleys_, creation of, in Apache myth, 28

_Vegetation_ of White Mountain reservation, 13, 17 _See_ TREES

_Victorio_, conference with, 7 surrender and death of, 9

_Visions_, God of, in Apache cosmology, 31 knowledge gained through, 32 medicine-men influenced by, 42, 43

_Vocabulary_, Southern Athapascan, 139-144

_Walapai_ join in Apache hostilities, 8 tribal name of, 5

_Walnuts_ eaten by Apache, 19

_War_ ceremonies, God Dance a part of, 48 of extermination against Apache, 6, 7

_War Gods_, Navaho. _See_ NAYE{~COMBINING BREVE~}NE{~COMBINING BREVE~}ZGANI; TOBADZISCHI{~COMBINING BREVE~}NI

_Washing_ of hands in marriage ceremony, 126, 127 _See_ BATHING; HAIR-WASHING

_Water_, miraculous creation of, 97, 137 relation of Tubadzischi{~COMBINING BREVE~}ni with, 133 Yolkai Estsan conceives from, 98 _See_ YOLKAI ESTSAN

_Water bottle_ in Apache myth, 27-28, 30 in marriage ceremony, 126 in Navaho myth, 94 of the Apache, 16, 21, 132 of the Navaho, 77 sacred symbol prescribed for, 44

_Water Chant_ of the Navaho, 78

_Water God_ of the Apache, 33, 35 _See_ RAIN GOD

_Water Monsters_ in Navaho mythology, 87

_Water Sprinkler_, a Navaho Rain God, 107, 115, 120

_Weapons_, Jicarilla, origin of, 69

_Weasel_ in Navaho myth, 97

_Weaving._ _See_ BLANKETS

_Wheels_ in Jicarilla mythology, 62, 64 medicine, made by Apache, 10, 11

_Whips_, yucca, of the Navaho, 120-121

_Whirling log_ represented in dry-painting, 120-121

_Whirlwind_ in Navaho myth, 110

_Whirlwind God_ of the Jicarillas, 60, 61 _See_ WINDS

_White Corn Boy_ of Navaho myth, 96

_White Mountain Apache_, population of, 131

_White Mountain reservation_, Apache placed on, 9 character and area of, 13 "medicine" craze on, 10 property disputes on, 23

_White objects_ created by Yolkai Skhin, 33 symbolic of prayer, 34

_White river_, Arizona, 11, 15, 17

_White-Shell Boy_ of Apache myth, 31, 33

_White-Shell Girl._ _See_ YOLKAI NALI{~COMBINING BREVE~}N

_White-Shell Man_ of Navaho myth, 97

_White-Shell Woman._ _See_ YOLKAI ESTSAN

_Wildcats_ in Jicarilla mythology, 64

_Wind People_ of Navaho mythology, 95, 99

_Winds_, function of, in Navaho belief, 93, 95 how regarded by Apache, 35 in Apache myth, 25, 26 in Navaho mythology, 90, 93, 96, 97, 102, 110, 138 participation of, in Jicarilla creation, 61 pollen scattered to, 133

_Witchcraft_, penalty for, in future world, 56 _See_ SORCERY

_Wolf_ in Navaho myth, 97

_Wolf People_ of the Navaho, 84, 87, 90, 95

_Women_, Apache, descent traced through, 22 Apache, dress of, 131 Apache, houses built by, 13 Apache, modesty of, 16

_Women_, Apache, property right of, 22 Apache, status of, 13-14 chiefs in Navaho mythology, 84 how treated, in Jicarilla ceremony, 59 Jicarilla, dress of, 134 Jicarilla, hair-dressing of, 134 Jicarilla, modesty of, 58 Navaho, blanket weavers, 75 Navaho, clothing of, 136 Navaho, hair-dressing of, 136 Navaho, status of, 76 Navaho, work of, 85 separated from men in Navaho myth, 85 _See_ CHILDBIRTH; MARRIAGE; PUBERTY CEREMONY

_Wool_ blankets, in Navaho myth of, 94

_Wosakidi._ _See_ GRASSHOPPER PEOPLE

_Yadilhkih Binalze{~COMBINING BREVE~}_, Sky Messengers, of Apache myth, 31

_Yadilhkih Skhin._ _See_ SKY GOD

_Yakosha Skhin_, an Apache deity, 31, 35 _See_ APACHE-MOHAVE

_Yavapai_, application of name, 6, 53

_Yebichai_ and Apache dance compared, 47 dance of the Navaho, 121 gods of the Navaho, 114 order, initiation into, 120, 121 signification of, 116

_Yeitso_, Big God of the Navaho, 98, 105

_Yellow-Corn Girl_ of Navaho myth, 96

_Yiye._ _See_ OWL

_Yoi Hatal._ See Bead Chant

_Yolkai Estsan_, a Jicarilla goddess, 62, 64, 68, 135 a Navaho goddess, 94-96, 98, 99, 105, 137, 138

_Yolkai Nali{~COMBINING BREVE~}n_, an Apache goddess, 31 function of, 34, 35 guardian of spirit-land, 134 how supplicated, 40

_Yolkai Skhin_, White-Shell Boy, of Apache, 31, 33

_Yuadiistan_, an Apache god, 24

_Yucca_ fruit eaten by Apache, 19 root in Navaho mythology, 94 root, washing with, 115, 125 used for head-band, 131 whips made of, 120-121

_Yuma_, Jicarilla name for, 135 Navaho name for, 138

_Yuman_ and Apache relations, 5 and Jicarilla ceremony compared, 56

_Zahadolzha_, Fringe-mouth gods of Navaho, 109, 113, 114, 123

_Zuni_, Apache name for the, 134 Navaho name for, 138 people among Navaho, 137

THE END OF VOLUME I

The University Press, Cambridge, U.S.A.

FOOTNOTES

1 The agave or maguey plant, locally called mescal, for which reason the latter term is here employed.