Chapter Three

The Ninth Century Revival: Hymns

[1.] J. M. Neale and G. H. Forbes, _The Ancient Liturgies of the Gallican Church_ (Burntisland, 1855) p. v.

[2.] P. Jaffé, _Regesta Pontificum Romanorum_ (Lipsiae, 1885-8) 2473 (1900).

[3.] _Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum sectio_, II, _Capitularia Regum Francorum_, I, _Capitulare primum_, 769; _Capitulare Haristallense_, 779; _Admonitio generalis_, 789; _Synodus Franconofurtensis_, 794; _Epistola de litteris colendis_, 780-800; _Epistola generalis_, 786-800; _Capitulare missorum generale_, 802; _Capitularia missorum specialia_, 802; _Synodus et conventus aquisgrani habita_, 802; _Capitulare de examinandis ecclesiasticis_, 802; _Capitulare missorum_, 803; _Capitulare de causis etc_., 811; _Capitulare aquisgranense_, 801-813; _Capitulare cum episcopis etc_., 780-790; _Capitulare mantuanum primum_, no date, p. 194; _Pippini capitulare Italicum_, 801-810.

[4.] _MGH, Legum sectio_, II, _Capitularia Regum Francorum_, I, _Epistola generalis_, no. 30, p. 80; P. Jaffé, _Bibliotheca Rerum Germanicarum_, vol. IV, _Monumenta Carolina_ (Berlin, 1867) 139, 140.

[5.] Dom R. Van Doren, _Étude sur l’influence musicale de l’abbaye de Saint-Gall_ (Louvain, 1925) ch. vi, Metz.

[6.] E. Mühlbacher, _Deutsche Geschichte unter den Karolingern_ (Stuttgart, 1896) 211; Jaffé, _Monumenta Carolina_, 358ff.

[7.] E. Bishop, _Liturgica Historica_ (Oxford, 1918) 49-55.

[8.] A. Fortescue, _The Mass_ (London, 1914) 183.

[9.] In _Monumenta Germaniae Historica—Poetarum latinorum medii aevi_, vol. iv, edited by P. von Winterfeld (Berlin, 1923).

[10.] W. Turner, “Irish Teachers in the Carolingian Revival of Learning,” _Cath. Un. Bulletin_, XIII (Washington, 1907) 384-5; J. J. O’Kelly, _Ireland: Elements of her Early Story_ (Dublin, 1921) ch. viii, _Early Irish on the Continent_.

[11.] Einhard, _Vita Caroli_, 21.

[12.] L. Gougaud, _Gaelic Pioneers of Christianity, VI-XII Century_ (Dublin, 1923) 60-3. Translated by Victor Collins.

[13.] S. Singer, _Die Dichterschule von St. Gallen_ (Leipzig, 1922) _Introd._ (by Peter Wagner) 11.

[14.] Turner, _supra_, 570; J. M. Clark, _The Abbey of St. Gall as a Center of Literature and Art_ (Cambridge, 1926) 31.

[15.] _Annales Laurissenses, anno 757_ (_MGH, SS_, I, 140).

[16.] _Jaffé, Regesta_, 2346 (1799); Notker Balbulus, _Epistolae_ (_MPL_, 131, 1172); _Gesta Caroli_, II, 7.

[17.] F. H. Dudden, _Gregory the Great_ (ch. 2, note 9) I, ch. _VI Gregory at Constantinople_.

[18.] P. Wagner, “Morgen- und Abendland in der Musikgeschichte,” _Stimmen der Zeit_, Bd. 114 (1927) 138.

[19.] Clark, _The Abbey of St. Gall etc._, 112; C. Diehl, _Manuel d’Art Byzantin_ (Paris, 1910) 359-360, 362-3; M. Hauttmann, _Die Kunst des frühen Mittelalters_ (Berlin, 1929) 51-62; J. Strzygowski, _Origin of Christian Church Art_ (Oxford, 1923) 84.

[20.] _Anal. Hymn._, 51, _Introduction_, xvii-xix; extended lists of the later Latin hymns appear in J. Julian, _Dictionary of Hymnology_ (London, 1925) 546, 547.

[21.] J. Mearns, _Early Latin Hymnaries_ (Cambridge, 1913).

[22.] Walpole, _Early Latin Hymns_, (ch. 1, note 3) xi.

[23.] Walpole, _ibid_, xii; W. H. Frere, Introduction to _Hymns Ancient and Modern Historical Edition_ (London, 1909); Wilmart, _Le Psautier de la Reine etc_., 362-3; F. J. E. Raby, _Christian Latin Poetry_ (Oxford, 1927) 38-41. See also R. E. Messenger, “Whence the Ninth Century Hymnal?,” _TAPhA 69_ (1938) 446-464.

[24.] Gesta Caroli, I, 10; Einhard, _Vita Caroli_, edited by Garrod and Mowat (Oxford, 1915), Appendix, p. xxxvii.

[25.] Heimbucher, _Die Orden und Congregationen_ etc., vol. I, 235, 237-9; _Jahrbücher der deutschen Geschichte_ (Berlin & Leipzig, 1866-1902), _Geschichte des Ostfrankischen Reichs_, vol. II, 39, 42, 46.

[26.] Alcuin, _De psalmorum usu_ (_MPL_, 101), _Officia per ferias MPL_, 101, _Epistolae_ 84, 94, 164, 227 (_MPL_, 101): Rabanus Maurus, _De clericis institutés_, II, 49 (_MPL_, 107, 362): Amalarius of Metz, _De officiis divinis_ (continuation) in J. Mabillon, _Vetera Analecta_ (Paris, 1723) 99; Walafrid Strabo, _De ecclesiasticarum rerum exordiis_ etc., ch. xxv (_MPL_, 114, 952ff.).

[27.] H. De Boor, _Die deutsche Literatur_ 770-1170 (München, 1949) 21.

[28.] P. Batiffol, _History of the Roman Breviary_ (London, 1912) 143-4.

[29.] _Anal. Hymn_. 51.

[30.] Translation of first line, J. M. Neale.

[31.] Dom P. B. Gams, _Die Kirchengeschichte von Spanien_ (Regensburg, 1862-1879) II, Pt. 2, 302, 326-9; Z. García Villada, _Historia eclesiástica de España_ (Madrid, 1929-36) V, 85.

[32.] De Urbel, “Los himnos mozárabes,” _Revista ecles. Silos_ 58 (1927) 56-61.

[33.] E. Bishop, “Spanish Symptoms,” _Liturgica Historica_ (Oxford, 1918) 168.

[34.] L. Wiener, _Contributions toward a History of Arabico-Gothic Culture_ (New York, 1917-21) 101; H. G. Farmer, _Historical Facts for the Arabian Musical Influence_ (London, 1930) 23.

[35.] _Anal. Hymn_. 51, _Introduction_.