Part 97

Leaves large, incubous, flat or convex, entire or retuse; underleaves small, roundish, the apex entire, retuse or bifid. Dioecious or monoecious. Involucre pendulous, subterranean, clavate or subcylindric, fleshy, hairy, attached to the stem by one side of its mouth. Calyptra membranous, partly adnate to the involucre. Capsule cylindric, the valves spirally twisted. Spores minute, roughish. Antheridia solitary in the reduced leaves of short lateral branches. (Name from _J. Kant_, a physician at The Hague.)

1. K. Trichomanis, S. F. Gray. (Pl. 24.) Creeping, without ventral runners; leaves pale green, imbricate, spreading, roundish-ovate, obtuse. (Calypogeia Trichomanis, _Corda_.)--On the ground and rotten logs; very common. (Eu.)--Var. RIVULARIS, Aust. Leaves dusky green or blackish, more scattered, flaccid; cells large. N. J. (_Austin_.)--Var. TENUIS, Aust. Very slender, innovate-branching; leaves smaller, especially above, dimidiate-ovate or subfalcate, subdecurrent. Southern N. J. (_Austin_).

2. K. Sullivantii, Underw. Prostrate, with ventral runners; leaves flat, subcontiguous or imbricate, obliquely round-ovate, minutely 2-toothed with a lunulate sinus, abruptly decurrent; cells large, uniform; underleaves minute, the upper orbicular, bifid, the lower twice 2-lobed, the primary lobes round-quadrate, divaricate, the secondary ovate or subulate. (Calypogeia Sullivantii, _Aust._)--Delaware Water Gap, N. J. (_Austin_).

15. SCAPANIA, Dumort. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves complicate-bilobed, the upper lobe smaller, the lower succubous; margins entire or dentate or ciliate; underleaves none. Dioecious. Fruit terminal. Involucral leaves like the cauline but more equally lobed; perianth obovate, dorsally compressed, bilabiate, the mouth truncate, entire or toothed, decurved. Capsule ovate. Elaters long, attached to the middle of the valves. Antheridia 3--20, in the axils of small saccate leaves, which are scarcely imbricate or crowded into terminal heads. (Name from [Greek: skapa/nion], _a shovel_, from the form of the perianth.)

[*] _Leaf-lobes somewhat equal._

1. S. subalpina, Dumort. Leaves equidistant, imbricate, cleft nearly to the middle, the roundish obtuse lobes denticulate on the outer margin; perianth much exceeding the involucral leaves, obovate from a narrow base, denticulate.--Mountains of N. Eng. (_Oakes, Austin_); L. Superior (_Gillman, Macoun_). (Eu.)

2. S. glaucocephala, Aust. Stems short, cespitose, creeping or ascending, subsimple, with numerous offshoots; leaf-lobes broadly ovate, entire, mostly obtuse and apiculate; involucral leaves sometimes denticulate; perianth small, subcuneate, entire. (Jungermannia glaucocephala, _Tayl._; S. Peckii, _Aust._)--On rotten wood, N. Eng. to N. Y. and Canada.

[*][*] _Lower lobe about twice the size of the upper, except near the summit._

[+] _Leaves broader than long; upper lobes rounded or blunt._

3. S. undulata, Dumort. (Pl. 24.) Ascending or erect, slightly branched; leaves lax, spreading, entire or ciliate-denticulate, the lobes round-trapezoidal, equal at the summit of the stem; perianth oblong-incurved, nearly entire, twice as long as the outer involucre.--In woods, damp meadows, and rills; common, especially in mountain districts.--Var. PURPUREA, Nees; a form with long lax stems and rose-colored or purplish leaves. (Eu.)

4. S. irrigua, Dumort. Creeping; leaves somewhat rigid, repand, deeply lobed; lobes rounded, submucronate, the lower appressed, the upper convex with incurved apex; perianth ovate, denticulate. (S. compacta, var. irrigua, _Aust._)--Wet places, N. J., Catskill Mts., mountains of N. Eng., and northward. (Eu.)

[+][+] _Leaves longer than broad; upper lobes more or less acute._

5. S. nemorosa, Dumort. Rather stout, flexuose, creeping at base; leaves rather distant, decurrent on both sides, ciliate-dentate, the lower lobe obovate, obtuse, slightly convex, the upper cordate, acute, concave; perianth densely ciliate; capsule large, roundish-ovate, reddish-brown. (S. breviflora, _Tayl._)--On rocks, etc., in swamps and rills; common and variable. (Eu.)

6. S. Oakesii, Aust. Leaves obovate, somewhat spreading, often deflexed, closely complicate, convex, the lower lobe coarsely dentate, and with deep purple spur-like teeth on the keel, the upper roundish and less dentate; perianth usually dentate.--White Mts. (_Oakes, Austin_).

[*][*][*] _Lower lobes 3--4 times the size of the upper._

7. S. exsecta, Aust. Ascending; leaves subcomplicate, entire, the lower lobe ovate, acute or bidentate, concave, the upper small and tooth-like; involucral leaves 3--5-cleft; perianth oblong, obtuse, plicate. (Jungermannia exsecta, _Schmidel._)--High mountains, far northward; rare.--Perhaps better retained in Jungermannia. (Eu.)

8. S. umbrosa, Dumort. Stems short, decumbent, slightly branched; leaf-lobes ovate, acute, serrate; perianth incurved, naked at the mouth.--White Mts.; rare.--The tips of the shoots are frequently covered with a dark mass of gemmae. (Eu.)

16. DIPLOPHYLLUM, Dumort. (Pl. 25.)

Leaves rather narrow, complicate-bilobed, the lobes subequal or the upper smaller, the lower succubous; underleaves none. Fruit terminal. Involucral leaves few. Perianth cylindrical, scarcely or not at all compressed, pluriplicate, denticulate. (Name from [Greek: diplo/s], _double_, and [Greek: phy/llon], _leaf_, on account of the folded 2-lobed leaves.)

1. D. albicans, Dumort., var. taxifolium, Nees. Stems ascending, almost rootless; leaves closely folded, subdenticulate, with a rudimentary pellucid line near the base or none, the lobes obtuse or acutish, the lower oblong-scymitar-shaped, the upper smaller, subovate; perianth ovate, plicate. (Jungermannia albicans and J. obtusifolia of _Sulliv._; not of _L._ and _Hook._)--Under rocks in mountain ravines and on the ground. (Eu.)--The typical form occurs in N. Scotia, distinguished by a broad pellucid median line in both lobes.

17. GEOCALYX, Nees. (Pl. 23.)

Leaves succubous, bidentate; underleaves 2-cleft, with linear divisions. Fruit lateral, pendent. Involucre simple, fleshy, saccate, oblong, truncate, attached to the stem by one side of the mouth. Calyptra membranous, partly adnate to the involucre. Capsule oblong. Elaters free. Antheridia in the axils of small leaves on spike-like lateral branches. (Name from [Greek: ge/a], _the earth_, and [Greek: ka/lyx], _a cup_, from the subterranean involucres.)

1. G. graveolens, Nees. Leaves ovate-quadrate, 2-toothed, light green; underleaves oval-lanceolate, cleft to the middle.--On the ground, and rotten logs; not rare. (Eu.)

18. LOPHOCOLEA, Dumort. (Pl. 23.)

Leaves succubous, dorsally decurrent, obliquely ovate-oblong, broadly truncate or bidentate; underleaves smaller, more or less quadrate, bifid or with 4--8 capillary lobes. Dioecious or monoecious. Fruit terminal on the main stem or primary branches. Involucral leaves 2--4, large, often spinulose; perianth triangular-prismatic, 3-lobed, ciliate or laciniate. Calyptra short, obovate, at length lacerate above. Capsule oblong-globose. Antheridia mostly solitary in or near the base of ordinary leaves. (Name from [Greek: lo/phos], _a crest_, and [Greek: koleo/s], _a sheath_, from the crested perianth.)

[*] _Underleaves mostly bifid (or 3--4-cleft in n. 1); divisions mostly entire._

1. L. bidentata, Dumort. Stems 1--2' long, procumbent, sparsely branching; leaves pale green, ovate-triangular, acutely 2-toothed, the teeth oblique with a lunulate sinus; monoecious; perianth oblong-triangular, lacinate; antheridia 2--3 in a cluster, axillary.--On rocks in shady rills; not common. (Eu.)

2. L. Austini, Lindb. Creeping; leaves uniformly deeply lobed, the lobes and usually the sinus acute; underleaves comparatively small, the lobes subulate; cells small; monoecious; antheridia solitary in the upper axils. (L. minor, _Aust._; not _Nees_.)--On roots of trees in woods (_Austin_). Imperfectly known.

3. L. Macounii, Aust. Stems very short, prostrate, ascending at the apex, densely radiculose; leaves suberect, ovate-subquadrate, 2-lobed with obtuse lobes and sinus, or retuse or often entire; underleaves light pink, deeply bifid, the setaceous lobes spreading-incurved; monoecious; involucral leaves somewhat oblong, repandly 2--4-toothed at the apex; perianth subobovate, slightly angled.--On logs, Little Falls, N. Y. (_Austin_); Ont. (_Macoun_).

4. L. minor, Nees. Diffusely branching; leaves pale green, oval-subquadrate, expanded, convex, slightly rigid, equally and acutely bifid with a lunate sinus; underleaves {1/3} as large, deeply bifid, the lanceolate lobes acuminate; dioecious; involucral leaves like the cauline; perianth obtusely triangular-plicate at the apex. (L. crocata, _Aust._; not _Nees_.)--On the ground and dry rocks in limestone regions (_Austin_). (Eu.)

[*][*] _Divisions of the underleaves more or less dentate._

5. L. heterophylla, Nees. (Pl. 23.) Stems short, creeping or ascending, much branched; leaves ovate-subquadrate, entire, retuse and bidentate on the same stem; underleaves large, 2--3-cleft; involucral leaves lobed and dentate; perianth terminal, the mouth crested.--On the ground and rotten logs in woods and swamps; very common. (Eu.)

6. L. Hallii, Aust. Creeping, very slightly rooting; leaves subvertical, oblong, cleft nearly to the middle with obtuse sinus and erect mostly obtuse lobes; lower underleaves small, subequally 2-parted with an obtuse sinus, the upper ones larger, with a single tooth on each side or palmately 3--4-parted, the apical sublanceolate and narrowly bifid.--On the ground, Ill. (_Hall_).

19. CHILOSCYPHUS, Corda. (Pl. 23.)

Leaves succubous, dorsally decurrent, mostly rounded and entire; underleaves rooting at the base, usually deeply 2-cleft. Fruit terminal on a very short lateral branch. Involucral leaves 2--6, the outer smaller, the inner variously cut; perianth small, obconic or campanulate, 3-angled and 3-lobed only at the apex, the lobes usually spinose. Calyptra fleshy, subglobose or clavate. Capsule oblong-globose. Antheridia in the saccate bases of stem-leaves. (Name from [Greek: chei~los], _a lip_, and [Greek: sky/phos], _a bowl_, from the form of the perianth.)

[*] _Underleaves 4-parted._

1. C. ascendens, Hook. & Wils. (Pl. 23.) Prostrate; leaves large, pale green, ascending, roundish-oblong, slightly emarginate; involucral leaves two, 2-cleft; perianth 2--3-lobed, the lobes long and irregularly lacerate-toothed.--On rotten logs; rather common.

[*][*] _Underleaves bifid._

2. C. pallescens, Dumort. Procumbent, creeping; leaves flattened, ovate-subquadrate, obtuse or retuse; underleaves ovate, distant, free; involucral leaves two, 2-toothed; perianth deeply trifid, the lobes spinose-dentate, mostly shorter than the conspicuous calyptra.--Mountains of N. Eng. (_Oakes_).

3. C. polyanthos, Corda. Procumbent, creeping; leaves subascending, ovate-subquadrate, truncate or subretuse; underleaves ovate-oblong, distant, free; involucral leaves 2, slightly 2-toothed; perianth 3-lobed, the short lobes nearly entire, shorter than the calyptra.--Var. RIVULARIS, Nees. Larger, more branching, succulent; leaves mostly rounded above; underleaves often divided in halves or wanting.--On the ground among mosses or on rotten logs, common; the variety in shaded rills or still ponds. (Eu.)

20. PLAGIOCHILA, Dumort. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves large, succubous, rounded or truncate above, dentate or spinose or rarely entire, the dorsal margin reflexed; underleaves usually none. Dioecious or monoecious. Fruit terminal, or axillary by the growth of offshoots. Involucral leaves larger than the cauline; perianth laterally compressed, erect or decurved, obliquely truncate and bilabiate, the lobes entire or ciliate-dentate. Capsule thick, oval. Elaters attached to the middle of the valves. Antheridia oval, 2--3 in the axils of spicate leaves. (Name from [Greek: pla/gios], _oblique_, and [Greek: chei los], _lip_, from the form of the perianth.)

[*] _Underleaves 2--3-cleft, fugacious._

1. P. porelloides, Lindenb. Branches ascending; leaves subimbricate, convex-gibbous, round-obovate, the uppermost repand-denticulate, the rest entire, the dorsal margin reflexed; perianth terminal, oblong-ovate, the mouth compressed, denticulate.--Among mosses in swamps and river-bottoms; common.

2. P. interrupta, Dumort. (Pl. 24.) Prostrate, horizontally branched, copiously rooting; leaves imbricate, horizontal, oval, entire or slightly repand; underleaves lanceolate; perianth terminal, broadly obconic, the mouth compressed, repand-crenulate. (P. macrostoma, _Sulliv._)--Moist banks and decayed logs, N. Eng., Ohio, and northward. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Underleaves wanting._

3. P. spinulosa, Dumort. Creeping, branches ascending; leaves remote, obliquely spreading, obovate-cuneate, the dorsal margin reflexed, entire, the ventral and apex spinulose-toothed; perianth rounded, at length oblong, the mouth spinulose.--Shaded rocks in mountain regions; rare. (Eu.)

4. P. asplenoides, Dumort. Branched, creeping or ascending; leaves subimbricate, obliquely spreading, round-obovate, entire or denticulate, the dorsal margin reflexed; perianth much exceeding the involucral leaves, oblong, dilated at the truncate or ciliate apex.--In rocky rivulets; common. (Eu.)

21. MYLIA, S. F. Gray. (Pl. 25.)

Leaves succubous, semi-vertical, circular, or ovate and pointed; underleaves subulate. Dioecious. Fruit terminal or pseudaxillary. Involucral leaves 2, clasping; perianth ovate-oblong, laterally compressed above a subterete base, the apex at length bilabiate, denticulate. Capsule ovate, coriaceous. Elaters free. Antheridia 2 in the axils of bracts clustered near the apex of distinct branches. (Name from _Mylius_, an early botanist.)

1. M. Taylori, S. F. Gray. Stems erect, nearly simple, radiculose; leaves large, convex, orbicular, entire, purplish; cells large; underleaves lance-subulate, entire or subdentate; perianth terminal, oval; calyptra finally long-exserted. (Jungermannia Taylori, _Hook._)--Wet rocks, high mountains of N. Eng. and N. Y. (Eu.)

22. HARPANTHUS, Nees. (Pl. 23.)

Leaves succubous, semi-vertical, ovate, emarginate; underleaves connate with the leaves, ovate or lanceolate, 1-toothed at base. Dioecious. Fruit on short shoots from the axils of the underleaves, finally sublateral. Involucral leaves 2 or 4. Perianth terete, the lower half thickened. Calyptra fleshy, confluent with the perianth for {2/3} its length. Capsule oval. Antheridia 1 or 2 in the axils of bracts terminal on slender branches. (Name from [Greek: a(/rpe] _a sickle_, and [Greek: a)/nthos], _flower_.)

1. H. scutatus, Spruce. Stems filiform, decumbent, usually simple; leaves smaller at the base and apex of the stems, roundish-ovate, concave, sharply bidentate, the apex lunate or acute; underleaves large, acuminate, involucral leaves two, 2--3-cleft, the upper adnate to the perianth; perianth ovate, becoming obovate, obscurely 3--4-plicate, splitting above on one side; capsule deep brown. (Jungermannia scutata, _Weber._)--On rotten logs in damp places; common. (Eu.)

H. FLOTOVIANUS, Nees. (Pl. 23.) Stems flexuous, procumbent, mostly unbranched; leaves ovate-orbicular, horizontal, the apex contracted and emarginate with a shallow sinus; underleaves large, ovate or lanceolate, obliquely inserted, entire or more often toothed on one or both sides near the middle; dioecious; perianth subcylindric, slightly sickle-shaped, the mouth pointed at first, notched on one side and finally crenulate; antheridia elliptic, single in the base of swollen leaves. (Pleuranthe olivacea, _Tayl._)--"North America" (_Drummond_), but not collected recently; certainly extralimital.

23. LIOCHLAENA, Nees. (Pl. 25.)

Leaves succubous, ovate-oblong, entire or slightly retuse; underleaves none. Dioecious or monoecious. Involucral leaves 2 or 4, like the cauline; perianth pyriform, becoming cylindric, incurved, abruptly rounded at the summit, the minute orifice prominently ciliolate. Capsule oblong, long-exserted. Elaters attached to the middle of the valves. Spores minute, globose. Antheridia in the axils of ordinary leaves. Archegonia 5--12. (Name from [Greek: lei~os], _smooth_, and [Greek: chlai na], _a cloak_, referring to the perianth.)

1. L. lanceolata, Nees. Closely creeping, branched; leaves sometimes decurrent; involucral leaves vertical; perianth at right angles with the stem; monoecious.--On banks and rotten logs; not rare. (Eu.)

24. JUNGERMANNIA, Micheli. (Pl. 25.)

Leaves succubous, rarely subtransverse, entire, lobed or dentate, the margins never recurved; underleaves present or none. Dioecious or monoecious. Fruit terminal. Involucral leaves 4 or fewer, like the cauline or more incised, free; perianth laterally compressed or terete, usually 3--10-carinate, the usually small mouth entire or toothed. Calyptra oval-pyriform. Capsule globose or oblong, rarely cylindric. Spores minute, smooth or roughish. Archegonia 8--70. (Named for _L. Jungermann_, a German botanist of the 17th century.)

Sec. 1. JUNGERMANNIA proper. _Leaves orbicular or ovate, entire or barely retuse; underleaves none (very small in n. 1)._

1. J. Schraderi, Martius. (Pl. 25.) Creeping, flexuous; leaves round-elliptic, entire, ascending; underleaves broadly subulate, not apparent on old stems; involucral leaves large, elongated, the inner smaller and more or less laciniate; perianth oval-obovate, ascending.--On the ground and rotten logs; common. (Eu.)

2. J. sphaerocarpa, Hook. Stems creeping, the tips ascending, subsimple, greenish; leaves semi-vertical, rather rigid, orbicular, obliquely spreading, decurrent dorsally, pale green; involucral leaves separate; perianth exserted, obovate-oblong, the mouth 4-cleft; capsule globose.--Mountains of N. Eng. (_Austin_); rare. (Eu.)

3. J. pumila, With. Stems creeping, the tips somewhat ascending, subsimple, rooting, pale; leaves ascending, ovate, obtuse, concave, entire; involucral leaves like the cauline, erect; perianth terminal, fusiform, plicate above and denticulate; capsule oval.--On shaded rocks along rivulets, Closter, N. J. (_Austin_). (Eu.)

Sec. 2. LOPHOZIA. _Leaves roundish or subquadrate, bidentate, bifid, or sometimes 3--5-cleft; underleaves none, or small and mostly 2-parted; perianth usually strongly plicate._

[*] _Underleaves present._

[+] _Leaves bifid or 2-lobed._

4. J. Gillmani, Aust. Stems short, densely cespitose, prostrate, strongly radiculose; leaves vertical, round-ovate, subconcave, bifid, the lower leaves with usually acute sinus and lobes, the upper much larger with rounded lobes and obtuse sinus; underleaves entire or the broader bifid; perianth without involucral leaves, dorsal, sessile, obovate, subgibbous, ciliate, at length much incised.--In a sandstone cave, Traine Island, L. Superior (_Gillman_).

5. J. Wattiana, Aust. Stems rather thick, 2--4'' long, fragile, subflexuose, strongly radiculose; leaves subvertical or spreading, subovate, concave, emarginately 2-lobed, the lobes acute or the upper obtuse; underleaves somewhat obsolete, hair-like or subulate, incurved; involucral leaves little larger, less deeply lobed; perianth terminal, small, ovate-gourd-shaped, whitish, ciliate.--On the ground, northern shore of L. Superior (_Macoun_).

[+][+] _Leaves 3--5-cleft._

6. J. barbata, Schreb. (Pl. 25.) Procumbent, sparingly branched; leaves roundish-quadrate, with obtuse, acute, or mucronulate lobes and obtuse undulate sinuses; underleaves broad, entire or 2-toothed, sometimes obsolete; perianth ovate, plicate-angled toward the apex, denticulate.--On rocks in mountain regions; common. (Eu.)

Var. attenuata, Martius. Ascending, with numerous offshoots; stem-leaves semi-vertical, obliquely spreading, roundish, acutely 2--4-toothed, those of the shoots closely imbricate, premorsely 2--4-denticulate; involucral leaves two, 3-toothed; perianth oblong.--In similar localities. (Eu.)

7. J. setiformis, Ehrh. Erect or ascending, dichotomous; leaves toothed at base, 3--4-cleft, the lobes ovate-oblong, acute, channelled; underleaves ciliate-dentate at base, deeply bifid, the divisions lanceolate, acuminate; involucral leaves more toothed than the cauline; perianth terminal, oval, plicate.--Alpine summits of N. H. (_Oakes_). (Eu.)

[*][*] _Underleaves wanting._

[+] _Leaves 2-toothed; involucral leaves 2--4-cleft._

8. J. alpestris, Schleich. Stems creeping, crowded, bifid-branching, the ends ascending; leaves semi-vertical, ovate subquadrate, obliquely toothed, the teeth unequal, acute or mucronulate, distant; involucral leaves wider, 2--3-cleft; perianth twice as long, oblong, smooth, the mouth complicate; capsule oval.--Alpine region of N. H. (_Oakes_). (Eu.)

9. J. ventricosa, Dicks. Stems dense, close-creeping, branching from beneath; leaves semi-vertical, subquadrate, mostly flat, broadly and acutely emarginate-bidentate, often bearing globules; involucral leaves larger, round, erect-spreading, 3--4-cleft, subdentate; perianth ovate, inflated, narrowly complicate above; capsule oval.--On the ground and rotten wood in the mountains, and far northward; common. (Eu.)

10. J. Wallrothiana, Nees. Minute, blackish; stems creeping, strongly rooting, subsimple; leaves clasping, semi-vertical, closely imbricate, ovate-quadrate, concave, obtusely bidentate with an obtuse sinus, or acute in the upper leaves; involucral leaves larger, erect, connate at base, 3-toothed, wavy-plicate; perianth oval-cylindric, plicate and subdentate, pellucid, reddish below.--On coarse sand in the White Mts. (_Oakes_). (Eu.)

[+][+] _Leaves bifid or 2-lobed, the ventral lobe often inflexed or subcomplicate; involucral leaves merely toothed, except in n. 11._

11. J. laxa, Lindb. Widely creeping, mostly simple, usually purplish-black; leaves imbricate, or distant on the erect fertile stems, 2--3-lobed, the lobes obtuse, wavy; cells very large, lax; involucral leaves 2, wide, short, cristate-undulate, obtusely many-lobed; perianth exserted, long-clavate, sub-plicate above, minutely ciliate. (J. polita, _Aust._; not _Nees._)--Among Sphagnum near Closter, N. J. (_Austin_).

12. J. excisa, Dicks. Stems closely creeping, short, subsimple, rather rigid; leaves semi-vertical, erect-spreading, pellucid, roundish, with straight acute lobes and deep obtuse sinus; involucral leaves erect, quadrate, usually 4--5-toothed; perianth erect, oblong, pale, banded and spotted with pink, plicate above, irregularly denticulate.--Sterile grounds in open woods; common. (Eu.)

Var. crispa, Hook. Leaves round-quadrate, closely imbricate, deeply and obtusely 2--3-cleft; involucral leaves 3--4-cleft, connate at base, subserrate. (J. intermedia, _Lindenb._)--In crevices of rocks, N. Y. and N. J. (_Austin_). (Eu.)

13. J. incisa, Schrad. Stems thick, rooting, closely creeping or ascending; leaves crowded, semi-vertical, complicate, subquadrate, 2--6-cleft, the acute lobes unequal, more or less spinulose-dentate; involucral leaves similar, more plicate and dentate, free; perianth short, oval or obovate, plicate above, denticulate.--On rotten wood in the mountains, and northward. (Eu.)

Sec. 3. SPHENOLOBUS. _Leaves 2-lobed, subtransverse, complicate-concave; underleaves none; involucral leaves 2--3-cleft._ (Verging toward Marsupella on one side and Diplophyllum on the other.)

14. J. Michauxii, Weber. Stems ascending, flexuous by repeated innovations below the summit; leaves crowded, subvertical, erect-spreading, subsaccate at base, subquadrate, bifid with straight acute lobes and a narrow sinus; involucral leaves similar, the outer serrulate, the inner smaller; perianth ovate-subclavate, obtuse, plicate above, fringed.--Fallen trunks, mountains of N. Y. and N. Eng.; common. (Eu.)