Part 96

7. F. squarrosa, Nees. Decumbent, pinnately branching, the short fertile branch lateral; leaves subvertical, suborbicular, obtuse, entire; lower lobe obovate-cucullate or galeate, subappressed; underleaves cordate or rounded, sinuate-subdentate, slightly bifid; perianth oblong, triquetrous, convex dorsally, strongly keeled ventrally.--On rocks and trees, N. Y. to Ohio, and southward; rather common.

8. F. plana, Sulliv. Procumbent, widely branching or subpinnate; leaves orbicular, subimbricate; lower lobe very small, as broad as long, close to the stem; underleaves rather large, flat, rounded, slightly bifid; monoecious; perianth oblong-oval or subobovate, triquetrous, dorsally sulcate, acutely keeled ventrally; antheridial spikes globose.--Shaded rocks, N. Y. and N. J. to E. Tenn.

9. F. dilatata, Nees. Loosely and widely pinnate; leaves round, entire, opaque; lower lobe subrounded, cucullate, close to the stem; underleaves subquadrate, toothed at the anterior angles; involucral leaves with 2 or 3 entire lobes; perianth tuberculate, retuse.--Rocks and trunks of trees; rather common. (Eu.)

Sec. 2. THYOPSIELLA. _Perianth smooth; leaves semicordate at base (marked by a central moniliform row of cells, or sometimes in n. 12 by a few scattered large cells); lower lobe near the stem (except in n. 11), cylindric-saccate, mostly erect; underleaves round-oval, the margin entire, recurved; dioecious._

[*] _Leaves orbicular._

10. F. Asagrayana, Mont. (Pl. 24.) Creeping, simply pinnate; leaves concave, obtuse, decurved; lower lobe oblong-clavate, emarginate at base; underleaves oblong, flat, 2-cleft, the sinus obtuse; involucral leaves unequally 2-cleft, the dorsal segment oblong, pointed, nearly entire, the ventral subulate; perianth pyriform, 3-sided, obtusely keeled beneath. (F. Grayana of authors.)--Rocks and bark of coniferous trees; frequent.

11. F. Tamarisci, Nees. Bipinnately branching, somewhat rigid; leaves obtuse, mucronately acute or subacuminate, decurved, entire; lower lobe distant from the stem, oval or oblong; underleaves quadrate-ovate or obovate, emarginate, the margin revolute; involucral leaves bifid, serrulate; perianth oblong, sulcate dorsally, obtusely keeled ventrally.--N. Eng. and southward; rare. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Leaves oblong from a narrowed base._

12. F. fragilifolia, Tayl. Procumbent, subpinnate, the alternate flattened branches subremote; leaves subimbricate, ascending, recurved, entire; lower lobe oblong-galeate; underleaves round-obovate, flat, appressed, bifid, the margins entire or angled; perianth obovate-cordate, concave dorsally, keeled ventrally; involucral leaves subequally lobed, obtusely few-toothed. (F. polysticta, _Mont._ F. Sullivantiae, _Aust._)--On trees in a cedar swamp, Urbana, Ohio (_Sullivant_). (Eu.)

2. JUBULA, Dumort. (Pl. 25.)

Characters nearly as in Frullania. Leaves large and flat, an axillary one at the base of each branch without a lower lobe. Calyptra turnip-shaped, abruptly globose above. Monoecious, with 2 antheridia in each leaf of a spike-like branch, and the archegonia mostly solitary. (Name from _juba_, a mane, alluding to the persistent elaters.)

1. J. Hutchinsiae, Dumort., var. Sullivantii, Spruce. Subdichotomously branching; leaves dark olive-green, subimbricate, obliquely ovate, acute, entire or subrepand; lower lobe saccate, rather remote from the stem, not spurred as in the European form; underleaves roundish, serrate or entire; involucral leaves bifid, serrate; perianth triangular-obpyriform. (Frullania Hutchinsiae, _Nees_, in part.)--Wet rocks, N. Eng. to S. C.; more common in the mountains.

3. LEJEUNEA, Libert. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves decurrent at the folds, the lower lobe incurved and ventricose; underleaves usually present, entire or bifid. Archegonium with a slender persistent style, solitary on a usually very short branch; the perianth free from the involucral leaves, oval or oblong, terete or angular, variously carinate, cristate, or ciliate. Capsule globose, 4-cleft to the middle, the valves recurved. Spores large (40--50 mu broad), globose or oblong, tuberculate. Antheridia at the base of ordinary leaves or in the axils of the leaves of a spike-like branch.--Otherwise as Frullania. (Named for _A.-L.-S. Lejeune_, a French botanist.)

[*] _Underleaves entire._

1. L. clypeata, Sulliv. (Pl. 24.) Stems procumbent, somewhat pinnately branched, 3/4--1' long; leaves whitish-green, round-ovate, cellular-crenulate, deflexed; lower lobe flat, oblong-quadrate; underleaves round-quadrate; monoecious; involucral leaves larger than those of the stem, the perianth round-obovate, 2--3-carinate dorsally, 1-carinate ventrally, the keels rough. (L. calyculata, _Tayl._)--On rocks and trees; common south and westward.

[*][*] _Underleaves bifid; leaves entire._

2. L. serpyllifolia, Libert, var. Americana, Lindb. Stems long, somewhat branching, pale, pellucid and fragile; leaves rather remote, flat, opening from a basilar sac, scarcely decurved, obliquely roundish-ovate, obtuse, often slightly repand; underleaves about half as large, round-oval with a broad obtuse sinus and acute lobes; monoecious; the obovate-clavate perianth on a lateral branch. (L. cavifolia, _Aust._)--On cedars, etc., Catskill Mts. (_Cleve_), Belleville, Ont. (_Macoun_), and southward; rather common.

3. L. lucens, Tayl. Whitish, filiform, pinnately branched; leaves remote, rarely subimbricate, obliquely ovate-triangular, rounded or obtuse, semi-cordate at base; lower lobe ovoid, acute or apiculate; underleaves 1/2 as large as the lateral, round-oval, deeply bifid, the lobes broad-subulate; dioecious; involucral leaves rather longer, with lanceolate lobes; perianth scarcely emersed, broadly pyriform, 5-carinate. (L. cucullata, _Sulliv._; not _Nees._)--Near Cincinnati; moist rocks, Alleghany Mts. and southward (_Sullivant_). Minute and flaccid.

[*][*][*] _Underleaves obsolete; leaves muriculate-denticulate._

4. L. calcarea, Libert. Very minute; stems slender, loosely branching; leaves ovate, falcate-decurved, sinuate-complicate at base; monoecious; involucral leaves bifid, the divisions entire; perianth on a very short lateral branch, pyriform-clavate, acutely 5-angled, the margin echinate-muriculate. (L. echinata, _Tayl._)--On rocks and roots of trees; rather common. (Eu.)

4. RADULA, Dumort. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves large, complicate-bilobed, incubous; lower lobe small, bearing root-hairs; underleaves none. Dioecious, rarely monoecious. Fruit usually terminal. Involucral leaves 2, slightly smaller than the cauline, 2-lobed; perianth tubular, compressed or nearly terete, truncate, entire or crenate. Calyptra pyriform, persistent. Capsule oval-cylindric. Elaters slender, free. Spores large, globose, minutely tuberculate. Antheridia in the ventricose bases of spicate leaves. (_Radula_, a scraper or spatula, in allusion to the form of the perianth.)

[*] _Lower lobe subquadrate, barely incumbent on the stem._

1. R. complanata, Dumort. Creeping, widely subpinnately branching; leaves imbricate, spreading, rounded, the lower lobe obtuse or acute; monoecious; perianth obconic, compressed, the mouth entire, truncate; antheridia in the bases of 2--3 pairs of strongly imbricate tumid leaves.--On rocks and roots of trees; common. (Eu.)

2. R. obconica, Sulliv. (Pl. 24.) Smaller, indeterminately branched; leaves somewhat remote, round-obovate, convex; monoecious; perianth clavate-obconic, obliquely truncate; antheridia axillary on short lateral branches rising near the terminal involucre.--On trees in cedar swamps, N. J. to Ohio.

[*][*] _Lower lobe small, rounded, more or less transversely adnate._

3. R. tenax, Lindb. Stems brownish-green, rigid, tenacious; leaves remote, scarcely decurrent, obliquely elliptic-ovate, opaque, the cells round and strongly chlorophyllose; dioecious; the antheridial spike lateral below the keel of a leaf, long, linear, somewhat obtuse. (R. pallens, _Sulliv._; not _Gottsche._)--On rotten trunks, in the Catskill Mts., and southward, especially in the mountains.

5. PORELLA, Dill. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves large, incubous, complicate-bilobed; lower lobe ligulate, suberect; underleaves similar, decurrent at base, the apex entire. Dioecious. Fruit on a short lateral branch. Involucral leaves usually 4, 2-lobed, the margin ciliate or denticulate; perianth somewhat oval, compressed, bilabiate, incised or entire. Calyptra globose, persistent. Capsule globose, reddish, short-stalked. Elaters very numerous, 2--3-spiral, free. Spores large, rough. Antheridia solitary in the saccate bases of leaves, crowded in short spikes. (Name a diminutive of _porus_, an opening.)

[*] _Leaves more or less remote; stems bipinnate._

1. P. pinnata, L. Stems irregularly pinnate, fastigiate at the ends; leaves scarcely incubous, ovate-oblong, the rounded apex sometimes slightly decurved; lower lobe minute, flat, oblong, obtuse, as long but not half as wide as the flat, entire, ovate-rectangular, scarcely decurrent underleaves. (Madotheca Porella, _Nees._)--On rocks and trees subject to inundation; common. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Leaves mostly closely imbricate; stems mostly simply pinnate (or bipinnate in n. 2)._

2. P. platyphylla, Lindb. (Pl. 24.) Yellowish or fuscous-green; stems irregularly pinnate, often fastigiate at the ends; leaves obliquely ovate, more or less concave at base and the rounded upper margin curved upward and undulate, mostly entire; lower lobe obliquely ovate, the margin strongly recurved, with an acute tooth at base; underleaves semicircular, with strongly reflexed margins. (Madotheca platyphylla, _Dumort._)--On rocks and trees; common eastward. (Eu.)

3. P. Thuja, Lindb. Fuscous-green or blackish, somewhat regularly pinnate; leaves convex, closely appressed, obliquely round-ovate, the rounded apex decurved, more or less denticulate; lower lobe oblong, obtuse, with an acute tooth at base, longer but narrower than the quadrate underleaves, both with strongly recurved sparsely denticulate margins. (Madotheca Thuja, _Dumort._)--On rocks and trees; more common westward. (Eu.)

4. P. dentata, Lindb. Mostly fuscous-green, irregularly pinnate or subdichotomous; leaves more remote on the branches, obliquely round-ovate, the rounded summit slightly decurved, more or less denticulate; lower lobe decurrent, twisted, obliquely ovate, acute, with recurved undulate denticulate margin and a large acute tooth at base; underleaves twice as wide as the lower lobes, quadrate-oval, the undulate reflexed margin dentate, especially near the base. (Madotheca rivularis, _Nees._)--Shaded rocks, Yellow Springs, Ohio (_Sullivant_). (Eu.)

5. P. Sullivantii, Underw. Stems strongly decurved at the ends in drying; leaves suberect, the straight ventral margin strongly involute toward the apex; cells large, punctate-stelliform; perianth broadly keeled beneath, the keel 2-angled. (Madotheca Sullivantii, _Aust._)--Alleghany Mts. (_Sullivant_); rare.

6. PTILIDIUM, Nees. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves incubous, complicate-bilobed, each lobe divided and lacerately ciliate; underleaves 4--5-lobed, ciliate. Dioecious. Fruit terminating short branches. Involucral leaves 2--4, 4-cleft; perianth terete, obovate, the mouth connivent, plicate, denticulate. Calyptra pyriform, coriaceous. Capsule ovate. Spores globose. Antheridia in the base of closely imbricated leaves. (Name a diminutive of [Greek: pti/lon], _a feather_, from the fringed foliage.)

1. P. ciliare, Nees. Stems crowded, subpinnate; fringes of the foliage long-setaceous. (Blepharozia ciliaris, _Dumort._)--On rotten logs and stumps; common. (Eu.)

7. TRICHOCOLEA, Dumort. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves succubous, 4--5-divided, and with the underleaves setaceously fringed. Dioecious. Fruit terminal, or axillary from the growth of innovations. Involucral leaves coalescent into an oblong truncate hairy tube, blended in our species with the calyptra; perianth none. Capsule oblong, its pedicel bulbous at base. Elaters free. Antheridia large, in the axils of leaves on terminal branches. (Name from [Greek: thri/x], _hair_, and [Greek: koleo/s], _a sheath_, from the hairy involucre.)

1. T. tomentella, Dumort. Stems pinnately decompound, densely tufted, glaucous, 2--6' long; leaves nearly uniform; underleaves subquadrate, as wide as the stem.--Among mosses in swamps; common. (Eu.)

T. BIDDLECOMIAE, Aust., very imperfectly described from specimens collected in Urbana, Ohio, is said to be simply and rather distantly pinnate.

8. HERBERTA, S. F. Gray. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves large, incubous or nearly transverse, narrow, 3-ranked, the underleaves being scarcely smaller, cleft to or below the middle, the lobes acute. Dioecious. Fruit terminal on a long branch. Involucral leaves numerous, equitant; perianth ovate-subulate or narrowly fusiform, 3-angled, deeply 6--8-lobed. Calyptra small, obovate, deeply trifid. Capsule large, globose. Elaters free. Spores large, muriculate. Antheridia in the bases of leaves of a short terminal spike. (Named for _William Herbert_, an English botanist.)

1. H. adunca, S. F. Gray. Stems long and slender, erect, brownish, nearly simple; leaves and underleaves almost alike, curved and one-sided, the lobes lanceolate. (Sendtnera juniperina, _Sulliv._; not _Nees._)--On rocks, Greenwood Mts., N. J., Catskill Mts., N. Y., and probably northward. (Eu.)

9. BAZZANIA, S. F. Gray. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves incubous, oblique, decurved, mostly truncate-tridentate; underleaves wider than the stem, mostly 3--4-toothed or crenate. Dioecious. Fruit on a short branch from the axil of an underleaf. Involucral leaves much imbricate, concave, orbicular or ovate, incised at the apex; perianth ovate-subulate or fusiform, somewhat 3-keeled. Calyptra pyriform or cylindric-oblong. Capsule oblong. Antheridial spikes from the axils of underleaves. (Named for _M. Bazzani_, an Italian Professor of Anatomy.)

1. B. trilobata, S. F. Gray. (Pl. 24.) Creeping, dichotomous, proliferous; leaves ovate, the broad apex acutely 3-toothed; underleaves roundish-quadrangular, spreading, 4--6-toothed above; perianth curved, cylindric, plicate at the narrow apex and 3-toothed. (Mastigobryum trilobatum, _Nees._ M. tridenticulatum, _Lindenb._)--Ravines, wet woods and swamps; common and variable. (Eu.)

2. B. deflexa, Underw. Stems forked or alternately branched; leaves strongly deflexed, cordate-ovate or ovate-oblong, falcate, the upper margin arcuate, the narrow apex 2--3-toothed or entire; underleaves roundish-quadrate, the upper margin bifid, crenate, or entire; perianth cylindric, arcuate, plicate above and denticulate. (Mastigobryum deflexum, _Nees._)--On rocks in the higher mountains eastward. (Eu.)

10. LEPIDOZIA, Dumort. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves small, incubous, palmately 2--4-cleft or -parted; underleaves similar, often smaller. Dioecious or rarely monoecious. Fruit terminal on short branches from the under side of the stem. Involucral leaves small, appressed, concave, 2--4-cleft; perianth elongated, ovate-subulate or narrowly fusiform, obtusely triangular above, entire or denticulate. Calyptra included, pyriform or oblong. Capsule oblong-cylindric. Spores minute, smooth or roughish. Antheridia large, pedicelled, solitary in the axils of 2-cleft spicate leaves. (Name from [Greek: lepi/s], _a scale_, and [Greek: o)/zos], _a shoot_, for the scale-like foliage.)

1. L. reptans, Dumort. (Pl. 24.) Creeping, pinnately compound, the branches often flagellate; leaves decurved, subquadrate, 3--4-cleft; involucral leaves ovate, truncate, unequally 4-toothed; perianth incurved, dentate.--On the ground and rotten wood, N. J., and common northward. (Eu.)

2. L. setacea, Mitt. Leaves deeply 2--3-cleft or -parted, incurved, the lobes subulate, formed of a somewhat double series of cells; underleaves similar; perianth ciliate. (Jungermannia setacea, _Web._)--On the ground and rotten wood; common. Resembling the next in its leaves, but smaller and brownish. (Eu.)

11. BLEPHAROSTOMA, Dumort. (Pl. 25.)

Leaves transverse or slightly incubous, 3--4-parted, the divisions capillary; underleaves smaller, mostly 2--3-parted. Dioecious or monoecious. Fruit terminal. Involucral leaves numerous, verticillate, deeply 4-cleft; perianth exserted, pyriform-cylindric, laciniate. Calyptra short, oblong, bilabiate. Capsule cylindric-oblong. Elaters large, very obtuse. Spores large, smooth. Antheridia solitary in the axils of leaf-like bracts. (Name from [Greek: ble/pharon], _an eyelid_, and [Greek: sto/ma], _mouth_, in allusion to the fringed orifice of the perianth.)

1. B. trichophyllum, Dumort. Flaccid, branched, creeping; leaf-divisions straight, spreading, each composed of a single row of cells; perianth ovate-cylindric. (Jungermannia trichophylla, _L._)--On the ground and rotten wood. Minute, light green. (Eu.)

12. CEPHALOZIA, Dumort. (Pl. 23.)

Leaves mostly succubous, chiefly 2-lobed, the margins uniformly plane or subincurved; underleaves smaller, often wanting except on fruiting branches. Branches from the under side of the stem. Monoecious or dioecious. Involucral leaves numerous, capitate, 3-ranked, usually 2-lobed; perianth long, triangular-prismatic, the constricted mouth variously dentate. Calyptra small. Capsule somewhat oblong. Elaters free. Spores minute. Antheridia in the base of inflated spicate leaves. (Name from [Greek: kephale/], _head_, and [Greek: o)/zos], _bud_, for the capitate involucre.)

Sec. 1. CEPHALOZIA proper. _Perianth more or less 3-angled or 3-carinate; leaf-cells large (mostly 25--50 mu broad); plants mostly medium-sized._

[*] _Underleaves rarely present except on fruiting branches._

1. C. Virginiana, Spruce. Without runners, usually pale; leaves small, obliquely round-ovate, acutely 2-lobed nearly to the middle; cells quadrate-hexagonal, opaque; dioecious, rarely monoecious; involucral leaves round-quadrate, with slender acuminate lobes; perianth large, widest above the middle, unequally ciliolate; capsule large, long-exserted; antheridial spike long. (C. catenulata of authors; not _Huebn._)--On rotten wood or swampy ground, N. Eng. to Va., and southward.

2. C. multiflora, Spruce. (Pl. 23.) Often subpinnate, without runners, pale green; leaves small, round-rhombic, decurrent, bifid {1/3} their length; cells quadrate-hexagonal, pellucid; dioecious; inner involucral leaves 3--4 times as long as the outer; perianth linear-fusiform, 3-plaited when young, triangular only above when mature, ciliate or toothed, fleshy; calyptra fleshy, oval-globose; capsule rather short-pedicelled; spores cinnamon-color.--On the ground and rotten wood; common. (Eu.)

3. C. pleniceps, Underw. Stems very short, branching, densely cespitose, pale green or whitish; leaves thick, orbicular, strongly concave, subclasping but not decurrent, bifid {1/3} their length, the acute lobes incurved and strongly connivent; involucral leaves oblong, palmately 2--4-cleft, the ventral like the underleaves; perianth large, oblong-cylindric, obtusely angled, the plicate mouth denticulate. (Jungermannia pleniceps, _Aust._)--Among Sphagnum in the White Mts. (_Oakes_).

4. C. bicuspidata, Dumort. Prostrate or assurgent, cespitose, usually greenish or reddish, with runners; lower leaves small and distant, the upper larger, round-ovate, cleft nearly to the middle, the lobes ovate-lanceolate and acute, the lower lobe narrower and acuminate; cells large, pellucid; monoecious; involucral leaves about 3 pairs, the innermost nearly three times as long as the outer, cleft 1/2 their length; perianth four times as long as the leaves, linear-prismatic or fusiform, thin, denticulate or ciliate; capsule cylindric-oblong; spores purple. (Jungermannia bicuspidata, _L._)--On the ground, mountains of N. Eng., N. Y., and N. J. (Eu.)

5. C. curvifolia, Dumort. Slender, rarely forked, without runners, greenish, reddish, or often purple; leaves imbricate, ascending, obovate, concave, semicordate at base, lunately bifid below the middle, the lobes incurved or hooked; cells small, quadrate; monoecious or dioecious; involucral leaves complicate, the lobes subovate, spinulose-denticulate; perianth large, rose-purple, triquetrous, the wide mouth ciliate; calyptra thin; capsule oblong-globose. (Jungermannia curvifolia, _Dicks._)--On rotten logs in swamps, etc.; common. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Underleaves usually present; leaves rarely subimbricate._

6. C. fluitans, Spruce. Stems 2--3' long, loosely creeping, with short thick runners; leaves large, ovate-oblong, lobed to near the middle, the lower lobe larger, lanceolate, obtuse; cells large, mostly hexagonal; underleaves linear, appressed; dioecious; involucral leaves cleft to the middle; perianth oval-cylindric, nearly entire; calyptra short, pyriform; capsule oblong; spores small, minutely tuberculate; antheridia globose, pedicelled, solitary in the axils.--In bogs, on mosses or partly floating; rare. (Eu.)

Sec. 2. CEPHALOZIELLA. _Perianth 3--6-angled; leaf-cells small (14--20 mu broad); plants small, often minute; underleaves present in n. 9._

7. C. divaricata, Dumort. Sparingly branched, without runners; leaves very small, cuneate or round-quadrate, the ovate-triangular lobes acute; cells pellucid or subopaque; involucral leaves larger, the lobes acute, denticulate; perianth linear or narrowly fusiform, prismatic, denticulate or subentire; capsule oblong-globose, long-exserted. (Jungermannia divaricata, _Smith._)--Dry rocks and sand, pine barrens of N. J., and northward. (Eu.)

8. C. Macounii, Aust. Slender, much branched, dark green; leaves scarcely broader than the stem, wide-spreading, bifid with a broad or lunate sinus, the broad-subulate lobes mostly acute; cells subquadrate, somewhat pellucid; dioecious; involucral leaves appressed, 2--3-lobed, irregularly spinulose; perianth small, whitish, obovate or ovate-fusiform, obtusely 3-angled, setulose or ciliate.--Rotten logs, mountains of N. Eng., and northward (_Austin_, _Macoun_).

9. C. Sullivantii, Aust. Stems 3--6'' long, fleshy, rootlets numerous; fertile branches suberect, clavate; leaves imbricate, often narrower than the stem, subquadrate-ovate, more or less serrate, the sinus and lobes subacute; dioecious; involucral leaves 3, erect, free; perianth broadly oval or subobovate, obtusely and sparingly angled, the apex slightly plicate, the mouth connivent, dentate, sometimes narrowly scarious; capsule oval.--On rotten wood, N. J., Ohio, and Ill.; rare. Our smallest species.

13. ODONTOSCHISMA, Dumort. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves succubous, ovate or roundish, entire or retuse, rarely bidentate; underleaves minute, sometimes obscure or wanting. Dioecious or sometimes monoecious. Fruit terminal on a short branch from the lower side of the stem. Involucral leaves few, 3-ranked, bifid or rarely 3--4-cleft; perianth large, triangular-fusiform, ciliate or dentate. Calyptra membranous. Capsule cylindric-oblong. Antheridia in small whitish spikes on the under side of the stem. (Name from [Greek: o)doy/s], _a tooth_, and [Greek: schi/sma], _a cleft_, alluding to the perianth.)

1. O. Sphagni, Dumort. (Pl. 24.) Leaves spreading or ascending, ovate, rounded or oblong, entire or retuse, subconcave; underleaves mostly wanting; perianth 3--6 times longer than the leaves, subulate-fusiform, laciniate or ciliate. (Sphagnoecetis communis, _Nees_.)--Among mosses, N. J. to Ill., and southward. (Eu.)

2. O. denudata, Lindb. Stems densely rooting, somewhat leafless at base, flagellate, branching above; leaves spreading, broadly ovate, entire; underleaves broadly oval, entire or subdenticulate; perianth close-connivent above, at length bursting irregularly.--On rotten wood, Canada to Ohio, and south along the mountains. (Eu.)

14. KANTIA, S. F. Gray. (Pl. 24.)