Part 90

E. PILOSA, Beauv. (Pl. 10, fig. 1--4.) Panicle elongated-oblong, with rather erect branches (except at flowering-time); _spikelets_ 5--12-flowered (2--4'' long, purplish-lead-color), becoming linear, _about equalling their pedicels; empty glumes_ (small) _and flowering ones obtuse_, the latter broadly ovate, _1-nerved_ (lateral nerves obsolete).--Sandy or gravelly waste places, S. New Eng. to Ill., and southward. Aug.--Plant 6--12' high. (Nat. from Eu.)

2. E. Frankii, Meyer. Much branched and diffuse (3--8' high); panicle ovate-oblong, rather dense, spreading; _spikelets 2--5-flowered_ (1--11/2'' long), _on slender pedicels; glumes very acute; the flowering one ovate, acute_, rather obscurely _3-nerved_.--Low or sandy ground, S. Penn. to Kan., and southwestward. Aug.

3. E. Purshii, Schrader. Sparingly branched at the decumbent base, then erect (1/2--2 deg. high); panicle elongated, the branches widely spreading, very loose; _spikelets 5--18-flowered_, oblong-lanceolate, at length linear (2--41/2'' long), _mostly much shorter than their capillary pedicels; glumes all ovate and acute, or the flowering ones acutish, 3-nerved_.--Sandy or sterile open grounds, Penn. to Mo., and southwestward; also introduced northward.

[++] _Culms simple, or branching only at the very base, firm, erect, mostly forming thick tufts; leaves very long; panicle very large, compound, often longer than the culm, with elongated loosely-flowered branches, their axils often bearded. (Doubtful perennials, or n. 5 annual.)_

4. E. tenuis, Gray. _Panicle virgately elongated_ (1--21/2 deg. long), very loose, the spreading branches bearded in some of the lower axils, their remote divisions and long _diverging pedicels_ capillary; spikelets 2--6- (sometimes 7--12-) flowered, pale or greenish; _lower glumes lanceolate or awl-shaped, very acute_ (11/2--2'' long), membranaceous, as are the _oblong-lanceolate acute flowers; flowering glume distinctly 3-nerved_; the upper ciliate-scabrous.--Sandy soil, Ohio to Ill., Kan., and southward. Aug.--Oct.--Leaves rather rigid, 11/2--2 deg. long, glabrous or sparingly hairy; the sheaths hairy or glabrous; the throat strongly bearded; flowers much larger than in the next, fully 11/2'' long.

5. E. capillaris, Nees. _Panicle widely expanding_, usually much longer than the culm, its spreading branches (mostly naked in the axils) and long _diverging pedicels_ capillary; _spikelets rather terete_, very small, 2--4-flowered, greenish or purplish; _glumes and flowers ovate, acute_ (less than 1'' long); _flowering glume obscurely 3-nerved_, scarcely keeled; the palet rough-ciliate.--Sandy dry soil and fields; common, especially southward. Aug., Sept.--Leaves and sheaths very hairy, or nearly glabrous; the former about 1 deg. long, not rigid; panicle 1--2 deg. long, soon diffuse.

6. E. pectinacea, Gray. _Panicle widely diffuse_, its rigid divergent main branches _bearded in the axils; the capillary pedicels more or less appressed_ on the secondary branches; _spikelets flat_, 5--15-flowered, becoming linear, purple or purplish; glumes and flowers ovate or oblong-ovate, acutish; _flowering glume strongly 3-nerved; palet hirsute-ciliate_.--Leaves long, rigid, mostly hairy, the sheaths especially so; plant 1--3 deg. high; spikelets 2--3'' long, 1'' wide, closely flowered.--Var. SPECTABILIS, Gray. Leaves and sheaths mostly glabrous; branches of the panicle (the lower reflexed with age) and pedicels shorter; spikelets rather larger.--Sandy dry ground, from E. Mass. near the coast, and from Ohio and Ill., southward. Aug.--Oct.

7. E. campestris, Trin. Glabrous or the sheaths villous at the throat; culm short, bearing an elongated and very open panicle with divaricate branches bearded at base; _spikelets_ linear, flat, 8--12-flowered, _sessile or nearly so_ along the branchlets; _glumes very acute or acuminate_, 3-nerved, roughish on the keel; palet minutely ciliate. (E. pectinacea, var. refracta, _Chapm._ Poa refracta, _Ell._)--Del. and Md. to Fla. and Ala.

58. MELICA, L. MELIC-GRASS. (Pl. 10.)

Spikelets 2--8-flowered; the 1--3 upper flowers imperfect and dissimilar, convolute around each other, and enwrapped by the upper fertile flower. Empty glumes usually large, scarious-margined, convex, obtuse; the upper 7--9-nerved. Flowering glume papery-membranaceous, dry and sometimes indurating with age, rounded or flattish on the back, 5--many-nerved, scarious at the entire blunt summit. Stamens 3.--Perennials with soft flat leaves. Panicle simple or sparingly branched; the rather large spikelets racemose-one-sided. (An old Italian name for Sorghum, from _mel_, honey.)

1. M. mutica, Walt. (Pl. 10.) Slender, with usually narrow leaves, the panicle often reduced to a simple raceme; lower glumes nearly equal and almost equalling the spikelet; fertile flowers usually 2; flowering glumes broad, smooth, obtuse.--Rich soil, Penn. to Fla., west to Wisc., Iowa, and Tex.

2. M. diffusa, Pursh. Taller, 21/2--4 deg. high, with mostly broader leaves and a more usually compound and many-flowered panicle; lower glumes more unequal, the outer very broad; fertile flowers usually 3; flowering glumes somewhat scabrous and more acute. (M. mutica, var. diffusa, _Gray_.)--Penn. to Ill., and southward.

(Addendum) 3. M. Porteri, Scribn. Tall and slender; panicle very narrow, the slender branches erect or the lower slightly divergent; pedicels flexuous or recurved, pubescent; glumes very unequal and shorter than the spikelet; fertile flowers 3--5, the glumes scabrous.--Mountains of Col. and southward; reported from Cass Co., Neb. (_J. G. Smith_).

59. DIARRHENA, Raf. (Pl. 10.)

Spikelets several-flowered, smooth and shining, one or two of the uppermost flowers sterile. Empty glumes ovate, much shorter than the flowers, coriaceous; the lower much smaller; flowering glume ovate, convex on the back, rigidly coriaceous, its 3 nerves terminating in a strong and abrupt cuspidate or awl-shaped tip. Squamulae ovate, ciliate. Stamens 2. Grain very large, obliquely ovoid, obtusely pointed, rather longer than the glume, the cartilaginous shining pericarp not adherent to the seed.--A nearly smooth perennial, with running rootstocks, producing simple culms (2--3 deg. high) with long linear-lanceolate flat leaves toward the base, naked above, bearing a few short-pedicelled spikelets (2--3'' long) in a very simple panicle. (Name composed of [Greek: di/s], _two_, and [Greek: a)/r)r(en], _man_, from the two stamens.)

1. D. Americana, Beauv. Shaded river-banks and woods, Ohio to Ill., and southward. Aug.

60. UNIOLA, L. SPIKE-GRASS. (Pl. 11.)

Spikelets closely many-flowered, very flat and 2-edged; 3--6 of the lowest glumes empty, lanceolate, compressed-keeled; flowering glume coriaceo-membranaceous, strongly laterally compressed and keeled, striate-nerved, usually acute or pointed, entire, enclosing the much smaller compressed 2-keeled palet and the free laterally flattened smooth grain. Stamen 1 (or in U. paniculata 3).--Upright smooth perennials, growing in tufts from strong creeping rootstocks, with broad leaves and large spikelets in an open or spiked panicle. (Ancient name of some plant, a diminutive of _unio_, unity.)

[*] _Spikelets large (1/2--2' long), ovate or oblong, 9--30-flowered; panicle open._

1. U. paniculata, L. (SEA OATS.) Culm and panicle elongated (4--8 deg. high); _leaves narrow_, when dry convolute; _spikelets ovate, short-pedicelled_; glumes glabrous, bluntish, several of the lower sterile; stamens 3.--Sand-hills on the sea shore, S. Va. and southward.

2. U. latifolia, Michx. (Pl. 11, fig. 1--3) Culm 2--4 deg. high; panicle loose; _leaves broad_ and flat (nearly 1' wide); _spikelets_ at length _oblong, hanging on long pedicels_; glumes acute, ciliate on the keel, all but the lowest with perfect monandrous flowers.--Shaded slopes, S. Penn. to Ill., and southward.

[*][*] _Spikelets small; panicle contracted, wand-like; perfect flowers long-pointed._

3. U. gracilis, Michx. Culm 3 deg. high, slender; _spikelets short-pedicelled_ (2--3'' long), broadly wedge-shaped, acute at base, _4--8-flowered_; glumes ovate and divergently beaked, long, the 3 lowest empty.--Sandy soil, from Long Island to Va., near the coast, and southward. Aug.

61. DISTICHLIS, Raf. SPIKE-GRASS. (Pl. 10.)

Spikelets and numerous flowers compressed, crowded in a densely spiked or capitate panicle. Glumes herbaceous or membranaceous, the lower faintly many-nerved; flowering glumes rather coriaceous, laterally much flattened, faintly many-nerved, acute. Ovary stalked.--Flowers dioecious, rather large. Leaves crowded, involute, usually rigid. (Name from [Greek: di/stichos], _two-ranked_.)

1. D. maritima, Raf. Culms tufted from creeping rootstocks (9--18' high); spike oblong, flattened (1' long); spikelets ovate or oblong, 5--10-flowered; glumes smooth and naked; grain pointed. (Brizopyrum spicatum, _Hook_.)--Salt marshes and shores. Aug.--Glumes of the pistillate flowers more rigid and almost keeled; stigmas very long, plumose; the staminate glumes smaller and somewhat rounded on the back. (Addendum)--Distichlis maritima. On alkaline soil in Neb., and very common in similar localities west and southwestward; chiefly the var. STRICTA, Thurb., with setaceously convolute leaves, the many- (10--20-) flowered spikelets in a loose panicle.

62. DACTYLIS, L. ORCHARD GRASS. (Pl. 10.)

Spikelets several-flowered, crowded in one-sided clusters, forming a branching dense panicle. Glumes all herbaceous, keeled, awn-pointed, rough-ciliate on the keel; the flowering one 5-nerved, the upper most commonly smaller and thinner. Stamens 3. Grain lance-oblong, acute, free.--Stout tufted perennial; leaves keeled. (_Dactylos_, a name in Pliny for a grass with digitate spikes, from [Greek: da/ktylos], _a finger_.)

D. GLOMERATA, L. Rough, rather glaucous (3 deg. high); leaves broadly linear; branches of the panicle naked at base; spikelets 3--4-flowered.--Fields and yards, especially in shade. June. (Nat. from Eu.)

63. BRIZA, L. QUAKING GRASS. (Pl. 10.)

Spikelets many-flowered, ovate or heart-shaped, flattish-tumid; the flowers closely imbricated. Glumes roundish, unequal, purplish, very concave or ventricose, 3--5-nerved; the flowering ventricose on the back, heart-shaped at the base, papery-membranaceous and becoming dry, scarious-margined, obscurely many-nerved; the palet much smaller, ovate, flat. Stamens 3. Stigmas branched-plumose. Grain flattened parallel with the glumes, adhering to the palet.--Leaves flat; panicle loose, diffuse, with large showy spikelets often drooping on delicate pedicels. ([Greek: Bri/za], the Greek name of a kind of grain.)

B. MEDIA, L. Panicle erect, the branches spreading; spikelets 5--9-flowered (3'' long); lower glumes shorter than the first flowering one; root perennial.--Pastures; sparingly eastward. June. (Adv. from Eu.)

64. POA, L. MEADOW-GRASS. SPEAR-GRASS. (Pl. 10.)

Spikelets ovate or lance-ovate, laterally compressed, several- (2--10-) flowered, in an open panicle. Empty glumes mostly shorter than the flowers, the lower smaller; flowering glume membranaceo-herbaceous, with a delicate scarious margin, compressed-keeled, pointless, 5-nerved (the intermediate nerves more obscure or obsolete), the principal nerves commonly clothed with soft hairs at and toward the often cobwebby base; palet membranaceous, 2-toothed. Stamens 2 or 3. Stigmas simply plumose. Grain oblong, free.--Culms tufted, from perennial roots, except n. 1. Leaves smooth, usually flat and soft. ([Greek: Po/a], an ancient Greek name for grass or fodder.)

[*] _Low and spreading (3--6' high) from an annual or biennial root, flaccid; branches of the short panicle single or in pairs._

P. ANNUA, L. (LOW SPEAR-GRASS.) Culms flattened; panicle often 1-sided, usually short and pyramidal, sometimes more slender (P. cristata, _Chapm._); spikelets crowded, very short-pedicelled, 3--7-flowered.--Cultivated and waste grounds, everywhere. April--Oct. (Nat. from Eu.)

[*][*] _Low; the culms (6--20' long) geniculate-ascending from a running rootstock, rigid, very much flattened; panicle simple and contracted._

P. COMPRESSA, L. (WIRE-GRASS. ENGLISH BLUE-GRASS.) (Pl. 10, fig. 1--4.) Pale, as if glaucous; leaves short; panicle dense and narrow, somewhat one-sided (1--3' long), the short branches mostly in pairs; spikelets almost sessile, 3--10-flowered, flat.--Dry, mostly sterile soil, in waste places; rarely in woods. (Nat. from Eu.)

[*][*][*] _Low alpine or alpestrine species, erect, in perennial tufts._

[+] _Soft and flaccid, smooth or nearly so, even to the branches of the panicle; leaves short and flat, short-pointed; ligule elongated._

1. P. alpina, L. Culms rather stout (8--14' high); _leaves broadly linear_, especially those of the culm (11/2--2' long, 11/2--3'' wide); _panicle short and broad_; spikelets broadly ovate, 3--9-flowered (about 3'' long); flowering glume villous on the midrib and margins.--N. Maine (?), Isle Royale and north shore of Lake Superior, and northward. (Eu.)

2. P. laxa, Haenke. Culms slender (4--9' high); _leaves narrow; panicle somewhat raceme-like, narrow_, often one-sided and nodding; spikelets 2--4-flowered, one half smaller.--Alpine mountain-tops of Maine, N. H., and N. New York, and high northward (Eu.)

[+][+] _More strict and rigid, roughish, especially the panicle; ligule short._

3. P. nemoralis, L. Culms 6--20' high; leaves narrow, short, soon involute; branches of the panicle 2--5 together, very scabrous; spikelets purplish (or sometimes pale), 2--5-flowered; lower _glumes ovate-lanceolate and taper-pointed_, the flowering lanceolate, somewhat webby at base, villous on the keel and margins below the middle, its nerves obscure. (P. caesia, _Smith._)--The more common form has a usually narrow somewhat nodding panicle, with short ascending branches, the small pale or purplish spikelets 2-flowered. Lab. to N. Maine and N. Vt.; Lake Champlain (_Pringle_); N. shore of L. Superior to N. Iowa, and westward.--A form with somewhat stouter and stricter habit, the darker or often pale spikelets 3--5-flowered (P. caesia, var. strictior, _Gray_), corresponds nearly to the European P. caesia. High mountains of N. H. and Vt., and Gardner's Island, L. Champlain (_C. E. Faxon_), Isle Royale and N. shore of L. Superior, and westward.--Also a form with the branches of the short panicle broadly divaricate; N. Wisc. (_Lapham_). (Eu.)

[*][*][*][*] _Taller (1--3 deg.) meadow or woodland grasses; panicle open._

[+] _Spikelets mostly very numerous and crowded on the rather short rough branches (usually in fives) of the oblong or pyramidal panicle, green, or sometimes violet-tinged; flowers acute, crowded, more or less webbed at base._

4. P. serotina, Ehrhart. (FALSE RED-TOP. FOWL MEADOW-GRASS.) Culms tufted without running rootstocks; leaves narrowly linear, soft and smooth; _ligules elongated; spikelets_ 2--4- (rarely 5-) flowered (1--2'' long), _all short-pedicelled_ in an elongated panicle, often tinged with dull purple; flowers and glumes narrow; _flowering glume very obscurely nerved_.--Wet meadows and low banks of streams; common, especially northward. July, Aug.--A good grass for moist meadows. (Eu.)

5. P. pratensis, L. (JUNE GRASS. SPEAR GRASS. KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS.) Culms sending off copious _running rootstocks_ from the base, and the _sheaths smooth; ligule short and blunt_; panicle short-pyramidal; _spikelets_ 3--5-flowered, _crowded_, and mostly _almost sessile_ on the branches, ovate-lanceolate or ovate; _flowering glume 5-nerved, hairy on the margins_ as well as keel.--Common in dry soil; imported for pastures and meadows. Indigenous in mountain regions from N. Penn. to New Eng., and northward. May--July. (Eu.)

P. TRIVIALIS, L. (ROUGHISH MEADOW-GRASS.) Culms erect from a somewhat decumbent base, but no distinct running rootstocks; _sheaths and leaves more or less rough; ligule oblong, acute_; panicle longer or with the branches more distant; spikelets mostly 3-flowered, broader upward; _flowering glume prominently 5-nerved, naked at the margins_; otherwise nearly as in the preceding.--Moist meadows, etc. July. (Nat. from Eu.)

[+][+] _Spikelets fewer and more scattered, on slender pedicels; plants soft and smooth, flowering early. (No running rootstocks, except in n. 10.)_

[++] _Spikelets small (1--2'' long), pale green, rather loosely 2--4-flowered; flowers oblong, obtuse; flowering glume scarcely scarious-tipped; culm-leaves lance-linear, acute, 1--3' long._

6. P. sylvestris, Gray. _Culm flattish_, erect; branches of the oblong-pyramidal panicle short, numerous, in fives or more; _flowering glumes villous on the keel its whole length, and on the margins below the middle_, sparingly webbed at base.--Rocky woods and meadows, western N. Y. to Wisc., Kan., and southward. June.

7. P. debilis, Torr. _Culms terete_, weak; branches of the small panicle few and slender (the lower l1/2--2' long to the few spikelets), in pairs and threes; _flowers very obtuse, smooth and glabrous_, except a sparing web at base.--Rocky woodlands, R. I. to Penn. and Wisc. May.

[++][++] _Spikelets 2'' long, light green; oblong-lanceolate flowers and glumes acute._

8. P. alsodes, Gray. Leaves rather narrowly linear, acute, the uppermost (21/2--4' long) often sheathing the base of the narrow and loose panicle, the capillary branches appressed when young, mostly in threes or fours; flowering glume very obscurely nerved, villous on the keel below, and with a narrow cobwebby tuft at base, otherwise glabrous.--Woods, on hillsides, N. Eng. to Penn. and Va., west to Wisc. May, June.

[++][++][++] _Spikelets larger (3--4'' long), pale green, rarely purple-tinged, few and scattered at the ends of the long capillary branches (mostly in pairs or threes) of the very diffuse panicle; flowers 3--6, loose, oblong and obtuse, as is the larger glume; flowering glume conspicuously scarious at the apex, villous below the middle on the keel and margins; culms flattish, smooth._

9. P. flexuosa, Muhl. (not of Wahl.) Culms 1--3 deg. high, tufted, its _leaves all linear (2--5' long), gradually taper-pointed; panicle very effuse_ (its branches 2--4' long to the 4--6-flowered spikelets or first ramification); _flowering glume prominently nerved, no web_ at the base.--Dry woods, Penn. and Del. to Ky., and southward. Feb.--May.--Near the last.

10. P. brevifolia, Muhl. Culms 1--11/2 deg. high from _running rootstocks_, 2--3-leaved, the _upper leaves very short (1/2--2' long), lanceolate, all abruptly cuspidate-tipped_; branches of the short panicle mostly in pairs; spikelets 3--4-flowered; _flowering glume rather obscurely nerved, cobwebby at base_.--Rocky or hilly woodlands, Penn., Va., and sparingly westward to Ky. and Ill. April, May.--Culm scarcely surpassing the long root-leaves.

65. GRAPHEPHORUM, Desv. (Pl. 10.)

Spikelets 2--4-flowered, compressed, the rhachis pilose on one side, jointed, produced above the flowers into a hairy pedicel. Empty glumes thin-membranaceous, acute, carinate, mostly nearly equalling the remote flowers; flowering glume thin and membranaceous or scarious, convex, scarcely keeled, faintly nerved, entire, pointless and awnless. Stamens 3. Stigmas plumose. Ovary glabrous.--Perennial, with linear flat leaves, their sheaths closed at base, the spikelets in a loose panicle. (Named from [Greek: graphi/s], _a pencil_, and [Greek: phe/ro], _to bear_, from the terminal hairy pedicel.)

1. G. melicoideum, Desv. Culm 1--2 deg. high; leaves roughish; panicle open; glumes unequal, lanceolate, their midrib and the pedicels rough.--N. Maine, N. Vt., Upper Mich., and northward; rare.--Var. MAJUS, Gray, is a luxuriant form, 2--3 deg. high, with ampler panicle; borders of a swamp, Macomb Co., Mich. Aug.

66. SCOLOCHLOA, Link.

Spikelets 2--4-flowered, subterete. Rhachis hairy at the base of the flowers, ending in a naked pedicel. Empty glumes concave, membranaceous, unequal, the outer 3-nerved, acute, the inner 5-nerved, toothed at the apex, nearly equalling the flowers; flowering glume more rigid, prominently 7-nerved, toothed at the apex; nerves all parallel. Stamens 3. Stigmas plumose. Ovary hairy.--Tall perennials, growing in water, with loosely sheathing leaves, and spikelets in a lax panicle. (Name probably from [Greek: sko~los], _a prickle_, and [Greek: chlo/a], _grass_.)

1. S. festucacea, Link. Stout, 3--4 deg. high, smooth; leaves rough on the margins; panicle suberect; spikelets 3--4'' long. (Festuca borealis, _Hook_.)--Emmet Co., Iowa (_Cratty_), and northward.

67. GLYCERIA, R. Br. MANNA-GRASS. (Pl. 10.)

Spikelets terete or flattish, several--many-flowered; the flowers mostly early deciduous by the breaking up of the rhachis into joints, leaving the short and unequal 1--3-nerved membranaceous lower glumes behind. Flowering glume and palet naked, of a rather firm texture, nearly equal; the glume rounded on the back, scarious (and sometimes obscurely toothed) at the blunt or rarely acute summit, glabrous, prominently 5--7-nerved, the nerves parallel and separate. Squamulae fleshy and truncate, or none. Stamens commonly 2. Styles present; stigmas compoundly plumose. Ovary smooth. Grain oblong, free, the furrow very narrow or none.--Perennial smooth marsh grasses, mostly with creeping bases or rootstocks; spikelets panicled. (Name from [Greek: glykero/s], _sweet_, in allusion to the taste of the grain.)

[*] _Spikelets ovate, oblong, or linear-oblong, 1--3'' in length_,

[+] _At length nodding in an open panicle, flattish laterally but turgid._

1. G. Canadensis, Trin. (RATTLESNAKE-GRASS.) Culm stout, 2--3 deg. high; leaves long, roughish; panicle oblong-pyramidal, at length drooping; spikelets ovate, at length very broad and tumid, Briza-like, 2'' long, pale, with purplish glumes; flowering glume acute or blunt-pointed, firm, with not very prominent nerves, longer than the rounded palet.--Bogs and wet places; common from Penn. to E. Kan., and northward. July.

[+][+] _Erect in a narrow contracted panicle, somewhat flattened and turgid._

2. G. obtusa, Trin. Culm stout, 1--2 deg. high, very leafy; leaves long, smooth; _panicle narrowly oblong, dense_ (3--5' long); spikelets 3--7-flowered, 2--3'' long; flowering glume obtuse.--Bogs, E. New Eng. to Penn. and southward, near the coast.

3. G. elongata, Trin. Leaves very long (1 deg. or more), rough; _panicle narrowly racemose, elongated_ (1 deg. long), _recurving_; the branches and 3--4-flowered spikelets _appressed_; flowering glume obtuse.--Wet woods, N. Eng. to Mich., Minn., and northward; Roan Mt., N. C. (_Scribner_). July--Aug.

[+][+][+] _Diffuse; flower-glume truncate-obtuse, strongly 7-nerved; palet 2-toothed._

4. G. nervata, Trin. (FOWL MEADOW-GRASS.) (Pl. 10, fig. 1--3.) Culm erect, 1--3 deg. high; leaves rather long; branches of the loose _panicle_ capillary, _at length drooping, the numerous small spikelets_ (1--2'' long, commonly purplish) _ovate-oblong_, 3--7-flowered.--Moist meadows; common. June.

5. G. pallida, Trin. Culms slender, 1--3 deg. long, ascending from a creeping base; leaves short, sharp-pointed, pale; _branches of the rather simple panicle slender, erect-spreading_, rough; the _spikelets usually few, somewhat appressed, oblong-linear_, 5--9-flowered (pale, 2--3'' long); _flowering glume minutely 5-toothed_; the palet lanceolate, conspicuously 2-toothed.--Shallow water; Maine to Va., west to Ky., Ind., and Mich.; common, especially northward. July.

6. G. grandis, Watson. (REED MEADOW-GRASS.) Culm stout, upright, 3--5 deg. high; leaves large (1--2 deg. long, {1/3}--1/2' wide); _panicle much branched, ample_ (8--15' long), _the numerous branches ascending, spreading with age; spikelets oblong or linear-oblong_, 3--6-flowered (usually purplish, 2--3'' long); _flowering glume entire_. (G. aquatica of Amer. authors.)--Wet grounds; N. Eng. to western N. Y., Mich., Minn., and westward.