Part 72

Flowers perfect. Perianth widely spreading; sepals petal-like (white), oval, distinct, without glands or claws, 5--7-nerved, at length withering, about the length of the awl-shaped filaments. Anthers 2-celled, short, extrorse. Styles thread-like, stigmatic down the inner side, persistent. Capsule globular, 3-lobed, obtuse (small), loculicidal; the valves bearing the partitions. Seeds 2 in each cell, collateral, 3-angled, not margined.--Herb with the stem simple, 1--4 deg. high, from a thick tuberous rootstock, bearing a simple dense bracteate raceme of showy flowers, and thickly beset with needle-shaped leaves, the upper reduced to bristle-like bracts; those from the root very many in a dense tuft, reclined, a foot long or more, 1'' wide below, rough on the margin, remarkably dry and rigid. (Name from [Greek: xero/s], _arid_, and [Greek: phy/llon], _leaf_.)

1. X. setifolium, Michx. Stem 1--4 deg. high. (X. asphodeloides, _Nutt._)--Pine-barrens, N. J. to Ga. June.

27. TOFIELDIA, Hudson. FALSE ASPHODEL.

Flowers perfect, usually with a little 3-bracted involucre underneath. Perianth more or less spreading, persistent; the sepals (white or greenish) concave, oblong or obovate, without claws, 3-nerved. Filaments awl-shaped; anthers short, innate or somewhat introrse, 2-celled. Styles awl-shaped; stigmas terminal. Capsule 3-angular, 3-partible or septicidal; cells many-seeded. Seeds oblong, horizontal.--Slender perennials, mostly tufted, with short or creeping rhizomes, and simple stems leafy only at the base, bearing small flowers in a close raceme or spike. Leaves 2-ranked, equitant, linear, grass-like. (Named for _Mr. Tofield_, an English botanist of the last century.)

[*] _Glabrous; pedicels solitary, in a short raceme or head; seeds not appendaged._

1. T. palustris, Hudson. Scape leafless or nearly so (2--6' high), slender, bearing a globular or oblong head or short raceme of whitish flowers; leaves tufted, 1/2--11/2' long.--L. Superior, and northward. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Stem and inflorescence pubescent; pedicels fascicled in threes; seeds caudate._

2. T. glutinosa, Willd. Stem (6--16' high) and pedicels very _glutinous with dark glands_; leaves broadly linear, short; perianth not becoming rigid; capsule thin; seeds with a contorted tail at each end.--Moist grounds, Maine to Minn., and northward; also south in the Alleghanies. June.

3. T. pubens, Ait. Stem (1--3 deg. high) and pedicels _roughened with minute glands_; leaves longer and narrower; perianth rigid about the firm capsule; seeds with a short white appendage at each end.--Pine-barrens, N. J. to Fla. and Ala. July.

28. NARTHECIUM, Moehring. BOG-ASPHODEL.

Sepals 6, linear-lanceolate, yellowish, persistent. Filaments 6, woolly; anthers linear, introrse. Capsule cylindrical-oblong, attenuate upward and bearing the slightly lobed sessile stigma, loculicidal, many-seeded. Seeds ascending, appendaged at each end with a long bristle-form tail.--Rootstock creeping, bearing linear equitant leaves, and a simple stem or scape, terminated by a simple dense bracteate raceme; pedicels bearing a linear bractlet. (Name an anagram of _Anthericum_, from [Greek: a)nthe/rikos], supposed to have been the Asphodel.)

1. N. Americanum, Ker. Stem 1 deg. high or more; leaves 1'' wide, 7--9-nerved; raceme dense (1--2' long); perianth-segments narrowly linear (2--21/2'' long), scarcely exceeding the stamens. (N. ossifragum, var. Americanum, _Gray_.)--Sandy bogs, pine-barrens of N. J. June, July.

29. MELANTHIUM, Linn.

Flowers monoeciously polygamous. Perianth of 6 separate and free widely spreading somewhat heart-shaped or oblong and halberd-shaped or oblanceolate sepals, raised on slender claws, cream-colored or greenish, the base marked with 2 approximate or confluent glands, or glandless, turning greenish brown and persistent. Filaments shorter than the sepals, adhering to their claws often to near the summit, persistent. Anthers heart-shaped or kidney-shaped, confluently 1-celled, shield-shaped after opening, extrorse. Styles 3, awl-shaped, diverging, tipped with simple stigmas. Capsule ovoid-conical, 3-lobed, of 3 inflated membranaceous carpels united in the axis, separating when ripe, and splitting down the inner edge, several-seeded. Seeds flat, broadly winged.--Stems tall and leafy, from a thick rootstock, roughish-downy above, as well as the open and ample pyramidal panicle (composed chiefly of simple racemes), the terminal part mostly fertile. Leaves linear to oblanceolate or oval, not plaited. (Name composed of [Greek: me/las], _black_, and [Greek: a)/nthos], _flower_, from the darker color which the persistent perianth assumes after blossoming.)

[*] _Sepals with a conspicuous double gland at the summit of the claw._

1. M. Virginicum, L. (BUNCH-FLOWER.) Stem 3--5 deg. high, leafy, rather slender; leaves linear (4--10'' wide); sepals flat, ovate to oblong or slightly hastate (21/2--4'' long); capsule 6'' long; seeds 10 in each cell, 2--3'' long.--Wet meadows, N. Eng. to N. C., west to Minn. and Tex.

2. M. latifolium, Desrouss. Leaves more oblanceolate, often 2' broad; sepals undulate (2--3'' long), the very narrow claw nearly equalling the orbicular or ovate blade; capsule 6--8'' long; styles more slender; seeds 4--8 in each cell, 3--4'' long. (M. racemosum, _Michx._)--W. Conn. to S. C.

[*][*] _Sepals oblanceolate, without glands._

3. M. parviflorum, Watson. Stem rather slender (2--5 deg. high), sparingly leafy, naked above; leaves oval to oblanceolate (2--4' wide), on long petioles; sepals 2--3'' long, oblanceolate or spatulate, those of the sterile flowers on claws; stamens very short; capsule 6'' long; seeds 4--6 in each cell, 4'' long. (Veratrum parviflorum, _Michx._)--In the Alleghanies, Va. to S. C.

30. VERATRUM, Tourn. FALSE HELLEBORE.

Flowers monoeciously polygamous. Perianth of 6 spreading and separate obovate-oblong (greenish or brownish) sepals, more or less contracted at the base (but not clawed), nearly free from the ovary, not gland-bearing. Filaments free from the sepals and shorter than they, recurving. Anthers, pistils, fruit, etc., nearly as in Melanthium.--Somewhat pubescent perennials, with simple stems from a thickened base producing coarse fibrous roots (very poisonous), 3-ranked, plaited and strongly veined leaves, and racemed-panicled dull or dingy flowers; in summer. (Name from _vere_, truly, and _ater_, black.)

1. V. viride, Ait. (AMERICAN WHITE HELLEBORE. INDIAN POKE.) _Stem stout, very leafy_ to the top (2--7 deg. high); _leaves broadly oval_, pointed, _sheath-clasping; panicle pyramidal_, the _dense spike-like racemes_ spreading; _perianth yellowish-green_, moderately spreading, _the segments ciliate-serrulate; ovary glabrous_; capsule many-seeded.--Swamps and low grounds, common.

2. V. Woodii, Robbins. _Stem slender, sparingly leafy_ (2--5 deg. high); _leaves oblanceolate_, only the lowest sheathing; _panicle very narrow; perianth greenish-purple, with entire segments; ovary tomentose_, soon glabrate; capsule few-seeded.--Woods and hilly barrens, S. Ind. to Mo.

31. STENANTHIUM, Gray.

Flowers polygamous. Perianth spreading; the sepals narrowly lanceolate, tapering to a point from the broader base, where they are united and coherent with the base of the ovary, not gland-bearing, persistent, much longer than the short stamens. Anthers, capsules, etc., nearly as in Veratrum. Seeds nearly wingless.--Smooth, with a wand-like leafy stem from a bulbous base, long and grass-like conduplicate-keeled leaves, and numerous small flowers in compound racemes, forming a long terminal panicle; in summer. (Name composed of [Greek: steno/s], _narrow_, and [Greek: a)/nthos], _flower_, from the slender sepals and panicles.)

1. S. angustifolium, Gray. Stem leafy (3--4 deg. high), _very slender; leaves 2--3'' broad_; panicle elongated, nearly simple, very open, with slender flexuous branches; flowers nearly sessile or the fertile on short pedicels; sepals linear-lanceolate (white), 2--3'' long; _capsule strongly reflexed_, narrowly oblong-ovate, with spreading beaks.--In the Alleghanies from Va. to S. C.

2. S. robustum, Watson. Resembling the last; _stem stout_, leafy, erect (3--5 deg. high); _leaves 4--10'' broad_; panicle or raceme often 2 deg. long, frequently compound with numerous slender branches; sepals (white or green) 3--4'' long; _capsule erect_, ovate, with recurved beaks.--Penn. to S. C., Ohio and Tenn.

32. ZYGADENUS, Michx.

Flowers perfect or polygamous. Perianth withering-persistent, spreading; the petal-like oblong or ovate sepals 1--2-glandular near the more or less narrowed but not unguiculate base, which is either free, or united and coherent with the base of the ovary. Stamens free from the sepals and about their length. Anthers, styles, and capsule nearly as in Melanthium. Seeds angled, rarely at all margined.--Very smooth and somewhat glaucous perennials, with simple stems from creeping rootstocks or coated bulbs, linear leaves, and rather large panicled greenish-white flowers; in summer. (Name composed of [Greek: zygo/s], _a yoke_, and [Greek: a)de/n], _a gland_, the glands being sometimes in pairs.)

[*] _Glands on the perianth conspicuous._

[+] _Rootstock creeping; glands 2, orbicular, above the broad claw._

1. Z. glaberrimus, Michx. Stems 1--3 deg. high; leaves grass-like, channelled, conspicuously nerved, elongated, tapering to a point; panicle pyramidal, many-flowered; flowers perfect; sepals nearly free (1/2' long), ovate, becoming lance-ovate, with a short claw.--Grassy low grounds, Va. to Fla. and Ala.

[+][+] _Root bulbous; glands covering the base of the sepals._

2. Z. elegans, Pursh. Stem 1--3 deg. high; leaves flat, carinate; raceme simple or sparingly branched and few-flowered; bracts ovate-lanceolate; base of the perianth coherent with the base of the ovary, the thin ovate or obovate sepals marked with a large obcordate gland, the inner abruptly contracted to a broad claw. (Z. glaucus, _Nutt._)--N. Eng. to N. Ill., Minn., and westward.

3. Z. Nuttallii, Gray. Like the last; raceme rather densely flowered, with narrow bracts; perianth free; sepals with an ill-defined gland at base, not at all clawed; seeds larger (3'' long).--Kan. to Tex. and Col.

[*][*] _Glands of the perianth obscure; perianth small, rotate; bulb somewhat fibrous._

4. Z. leimanthoides, Gray. Stem 1--4 deg. high, slender; leaves narrowly linear; flowers small (4'' in diameter) and numerous, in a few crowded panicled racemes; only a yellowish spot on the contracted base of the divisions of the free perianth.--Low grounds, pine-barrens of N. J., to Ga.

33. AMIANTHIUM, Gray. FLY-POISON.

Flowers perfect. Perianth widely spreading; the distinct and free petal-like (white) sepals oval or obovate, without claws or glands, persistent. Filaments capillary, equalling or exceeding the perianth. Anthers, capsules, etc., nearly as in Melanthium. Styles thread-like. Seeds wingless, oblong or linear, with a loose coat, 1--4 in each cell.--Glabrous, with simple stems from a bulbous base or coated bulb, scape-like, few-leaved, terminated by a simple dense raceme of handsome flowers, turning greenish with age. Leaves linear, keeled, grass-like. (From [Greek: a)mi/antos], _unspotted_, and [Greek: a)/nthos], _flower_; a name formed with more regard to euphony than to good construction, alluding to the glandless perianth.)

1. A. muscaetoxicum, Gray. (FLY-POISON.) _Leaves broadly linear_, elongated, obtuse (1/2--1' wide); _raceme simple_; capsule abruptly 3-horned; seeds oblong, with a fleshy red coat.--Open woods, N. J. to Fla., west to Ky. and Ark. June, July.

ORDER 117. PONTEDERIACEAE. (PICKEREL-WEED FAMILY.)

_Aquatic herbs, with perfect more or less irregular flowers from a spathe; the petal-like 6-merous perianth free from the 3-celled ovary; the 3 or 6 mostly unequal or dissimilar stamens inserted in its throat._--Perianth with the 6 divisions colored alike, _imbricated_ in 2 rows in the bud, the whole together sometimes revolute-coiled after flowering, then withering away, or the base thickened-persistent and enclosing the fruit. Anthers introrse. Ovules anatropous. Style 1; stigma 3-lobed or 6-toothed. Fruit a perfectly or incompletely 3-celled many-seeded capsule, or a 1-celled 1-seeded utricle. Embryo slender, in floury albumen.

1. Pontederia. Spike many-flowered. Perianth 2-lipped, its fleshy persistent base enclosing the 1-seeded utricle. Stamens 6.

2. Heteranthera. Spathe 1--few-flowered. Perianth salver-shaped. Stamens 3. Capsule many-seeded.

1. PONTEDERIA, L. PICKEREL-WEED.

Perianth funnel-form, 2-lipped; the 3 upper divisions united to form the 3-lobed upper lip; the 3 lower spreading, and their claws, which form the lower part of the curving tube, more or less separate or separable to the base; after flowering the tube is revolute-coiled from the apex downward, and its fleshy-thickened persistent base encloses the fruit. Stamens 6; the 3 anterior long-exserted; the 3 posterior (often sterile or imperfect) with very short filaments, unequally inserted lower down; anthers versatile, oval, blue. Ovary 3-celled; two of the cells empty, the other with a single suspended ovule. Utricle 1-celled, filled with the single seed.--Stout herbs, growing in shallow water, with thick creeping rootstocks, producing erect long-petioled mostly heart-shaped leaves, and a 1-leaved stem, bearing a spike of violet-blue ephemeral flowers. Root-leaves with a sheathing stipule within the petiole. (Dedicated to _Pontedera_, Professor at Padua at the beginning of the last century.)

1. P. cordata, L. Leaves arrow-heart-shaped, blunt, or sometimes triangular-elongated and tapering and scarcely cordate (var. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Torr.); spike dense, from a spathe-like bract; upper lobe of perianth marked with a pair of yellow spots (rarely all white); calyx-tube in fruit crested with 6 toothed ridges.--N. Scotia to Fla., west to Minn. and Tex. July--Sept.

2. HETERANTHERA, Ruiz & Pav. MUD-PLANTAIN.

Perianth salver-form with a slender tube; the limb somewhat equally 6-parted, ephemeral. Stamens 3, in the throat, usually unequal; anthers erect. Capsule 1-celled or incompletely 3-celled by intrusion of the placentae, many-seeded.--Creeping, floating or submerged low herbs, in mud or shallow water, with a 1--few-flowered spathe bursting from the sheathing side or base of a petiole. (Name from [Greek: e(te/ra], _different_, and [Greek: a)nthera/], _anther_.)

[*] _Stamens unequal; 2 posterior filaments with ovate yellow anthers; the other longer, with a larger oblong or sagittate greenish anther; capsule incompletely 3-celled; leaves rounded, long-petioled; creeping or floating plants._

1. H. reniformis, Ruiz & Pav. Leaves round-kidney-shaped to cordate and acute; spathe 3--5-flowered; flowers white or pale blue.--Conn. to N. J., west to Ill. and E. Kan., and southward. (S. Am.)

2. H. limosa, Vahl. Leaves oblong or lance-oblong, obtuse at both ends; spathe 1-flowered; flowers larger, blue.--Va. to Mo. and La. (S. Am.)

[*][*] _Stamens alike, with sagittate anthers; capsule 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentae; leaves linear, translucent, sessile; submerged grass-like herbs, with only the flowers reaching the surface._

3. H. graminea, Vahl. The slender branching stems clothed with leaves and bearing a terminal 1-flowered spathe (becoming lateral); flowers small, pale yellow, with a very long thread-like tube. (Schollera graminifolia, _Willd._)--N. Eng. to N. C., west to Minn. and E. Kan.

ORDER 118. XYRIDACEAE. (YELLOW-EYED-GRASS FAMILY.)

_Rush-like herbs, with equitant leaves sheathing the base of a naked scape, which is terminated by a head of perfect 3-androus flowers, with extrorse anthers, glumaceous calyx, and a regular colored corolla; the 3-valved mostly 1-celled capsule containing several or many orthotropous seeds with a minute embryo at the apex of fleshy albumen._

1. XYRIS, Gronov. YELLOW-EYED GRASS.

Flowers single in the axils of coriaceous scale-like bracts, which are densely imbricated in a head. Sepals 3; the 2 lateral glume-like, boat-shaped or keeled and persistent; the anterior one larger and membranaceous, enwrapping the corolla in the bud and deciduous with it. Petals 3, with claws, which cohere more or less. Fertile stamens 3, with linear anthers, inserted on the claws of the petals, alternating with 3 sterile filaments, which are cleft and in our species plumose or bearded at the apex. Style 3-cleft. Capsule oblong, free, 1-celled, with 3 parietal more or less projecting placentae, 3-valved, many-seeded.--Flowers yellow, produced all summer. Ours apparently all perennials. ([Greek: Xyri/s], a name of some plant with 2-edged leaves, from [Greek: xyro/n], a _razor_.)

1. X. flexuosa, Muhl. Scape slender (10--16' high), barely flattened at the summit, often from a bulbous base, very smooth, much longer than the narrowly linear leaves, both commonly twisted with age; head roundish-ovoid (3--4'' long); _lateral sepals_ oblong lanceolate, _finely ciliate-scarious on the narrow wingless keel_, usually with a minute bearded tuft at the apex, shorter than the bract.--Sandy or peaty bogs, Mass. to Fla., west to Minn. and Mo.

Var. pusilla, Gray. Small and very slender, seldom twisted, 2--9' high, the base not bulbous; head 2--3'' long.--White Mts. to Penn., west to L. Superior.

2. X. torta, Smith. Scape terete, with one sharp edge, slender, 9--20' high, from a dark bulbous base, and with the _linear-filiform rigid leaves_ becoming spirally twisted; head ovoid, becoming spindle-shaped, or oblong and acute (5--9'' long); sepals exceeding the bract; _lateral sepals winged on the keel and fringed above the middle_.--Pine barrens, in dry sand, N. J. to Fla., Tex. and Ark.

3. X. Caroliniana, Walt. Scape flattish, 1-angled below, 2-edged at the summit, smooth, 1/2--2 deg. high, the base hardly bulbous; _leaves linear-sword-shaped, flat_, 2--4'' broad; head globular-ovoid (5--7'' long); _lateral sepals obscurely lacerate-fringed above on the winged keel_, rather shorter than the bract.--Sandy swamps, near the coast, Mass. to Fla.

4. X. fimbriata, Ell. Scape somewhat angled, 2-edged above, rough (2 deg. high), rather longer than the linear-sword-shaped or strap-shaped leaves, the base not bulbous; head oblong-ovate (6--10'' long); _lateral sepals_ lanceolate-linear, _nearly twice the length of the bract, above the middle conspicuously fringed on the wing-margined keel, and even plumose at the summit_.--Pine-barrens, N. J. to Fla. and Tex.

ORDER 119. MAYACEAE. (MAYACA FAMILY.)

_Moss-like aquatic plants, densely leafy, with narrowly-linear sessile pellucid leaves, axillary naked peduncles terminated by a solitary perfect 3-androus flower, herbaceous calyx, white corolla, and a 3-valved 1-celled several-seeded capsule._

1. MAYACA, Aublet.

The only genus. Perianth persistent, of 3 herbaceous lanceolate sepals, and 3 obovate petals. Stamens alternate with the petals. Ovary with 3 parietal few-ovuled placentae; style filiform; stigma simple.--Creeping or floating in shallow water; the leaves 1-nerved, entire, notched at the apex; the peduncle solitary, sheathed at base. (An aboriginal name.)

1. M. Michauxii, Schott & Endl. Peduncles not much exceeding the leaves, nodding in fruit.--Va. to Fla. and Tex.

ORDER 120. COMMELINACEAE. (SPIDERWORT FAMILY.)

_Herbs, with fibrous or sometimes thickened roots, jointed and often branching leafy stems, and chiefly perfect and 6-androus, often irregular flowers, with the perianth free from the 2--3-celled ovary, and having a distinct calyx and corolla_; viz., 3 persistent commonly herbaceous sepals, and 3 petals, ephemeral, decaying or deciduous. Stamens hypogynous, some of them often sterile; anthers with 2 separated cells. Style 1; stigma undivided. Capsule 2--3-celled, 2--3-valved, loculicidal, 3--several-seeded. Seeds orthotropous. Embryo small, pulley-shaped, partly sunk in a shallow depression at the apex of the albumen. Leaves ovate, lanceolate or linear, parallel-veined, flat, sheathed at base; the uppermost often dissimilar and forming a kind of spathe.--Chiefly tropical.

1. Commelina. Cyme sessile within a cordate or connate bract (spathe). Petals unequal. Perfect stamens 3; filaments naked.

2. Tradescantia. Bracts leaf-like or small and scarious. Petals equal. Perfect stamens 6; filaments bearded.

1. COMMELINA, Dill. DAY-FLOWER.

Flowers irregular. Sepals somewhat colored, unequal; the 2 lateral partly united by their contiguous margins. Two lateral petals rounded or kidney-shaped, on long claws, the odd one smaller. Stamens unequal, 3 of them fertile, one of which is bent inward; 3 of them sterile and smaller, with imperfect cross-shaped anthers; filaments naked. Capsule 3-celled, two of the cells 2-seeded, the other 1-seeded or abortive.--Stems branching, often procumbent and rooting at the joints. Leaves contracted at base into sheathing petioles; the floral one heart-shaped and clasping, folded together or hooded, forming a spathe enclosing the flowers, which expand for a single morning and are recurved on their pedicel before and afterwards. Petals blue. Flowering all summer. Ours all with perennial roots, or propagating by striking root from the joints. (Dedicated to the early Dutch botanists. _J._ and _G. Commelin_.)

[*] _Ventral cells 2-ovuled (usually 2-seeded), the dorsal 1-ovuled._

1. C. nudiflora, L. _Slender and creeping_, glabrous; leaves lanceolate, small (1--2' long); spathe cordate, acute, _with margins not united; seeds reticulated_. (C. Cayennensis, _Richard._)--Alluvial banks, Del. to Fla., west to Ind., Mo. and Tex.

2. C. hirtella, Vahl. _Stout, erect_ (2--4 deg. high); leaves large, lanceolate, _the sheaths brown-bearded_; spathes crowded, _with margins united; seeds smooth_. (C. erecta, _Gray_, Man., not _L._)--River-banks, Penn. to Fla., west to Mo. and Tex.

[*][*] _Cells 1-ovuled, 1-seeded; seeds smooth; spathe cucullate; roots sub-tuberous_.

3. C. erecta, L. Slender, often low; _leaves linear; cells all dehiscent_.--Penn. to Fla.

4. C. Virginica, L. Slender, usually tall; _leaves lanceolate_ to linear; _dorsal cell indehiscent, scabrous_.--Damp rich woods and banks, southern N. Y. to Fla., west to Mich., Iowa, and Mo.

2. TRADESCANTIA, L. SPIDERWORT.

Flowers regular. Sepals herbaceous. Petals all alike, ovate, sessile. Stamens all fertile; filaments bearded. Capsule 2--3-celled, the cells 1--2-seeded.--Perennials. Stems mucilaginous, mostly upright, nearly simple, leafy. Leaves keeled. Flowers ephemeral, in umbelled clusters, axillary and terminal, produced through the summer; floral leaves nearly like the others. (Named for the elder _Tradescant_, gardener to Charles the First of England.)

[*] _Umbels terminal or sometimes lateral, sessile, subtended by 1 or 2 leaf-like bracts; leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, flowers blue._

1. T. Virginica, L. (COMMON SPIDERWORT.) Roots fleshy-fibrous, smooth or only slightly villous, more or less glaucous, often tall and slender and with linear leaves, rather rarely with 1 or 2 long lateral peduncles; bracts usually a pair.--Rich ground, N. Y. to Fla., west to Minn., Tex., and the Rocky Mts. Very variable.--Var. VILLOSA, Watson. Often dwarf, more or less villous throughout as well as pubescent. Mississippi valley and Gulf States.--Var. FLEXUOSA, Watson. Stout and dark green, with large linear-lanceolate pubescent leaves, the stem usually flexuous, and with several short lateral branches or sessile axillary heads. (T. flexuosa, _Raf._)--Ohio to Ky. and Ga. T. pilosa, _Lehm._, is an intermediate form.

[*][*] _Umbel pedunculate, subtended by small subscarious bracts; flowers small, rose-color._

2. T. rosea, Vent. Small, slender (6--10' high), smooth, erect from a running rootstock; leaves very narrowly linear, grass-like.--Sandy woods, Md. to Fla., west to Ky. and Mo.

ORDER 121. JUNCACEAE. (RUSH FAMILY.)